Adrian Baynes formed Baynes and Co in 1981 & works in design, architecture & public art.
','http://www.baynesandco.com','',NULL,NULL,1,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (60,NULL,'','','2009-02-20 10:36:37','2009-11-11 22:54:07',' Laikingland',NULL,'',0,'Laikingland is a creative collaboration, based in both the UK and The Netherlands, whose intention is to design and manufacture beautifully crafted kinetic objects that engage the observer, and evoke a sense of play and nostalgia. The company is built upon a life long friendship between artist, Martin Smith and engineer, Nick Regan.
','','',NULL,NULL,1,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (61,NULL,NULL,'','2009-02-20 17:34:48','2009-02-20 17:34:48','Daniel Chadwick',NULL,'',0,'Daniel Chadwick’s work is an art of balance both literally and metaphorically. His principal works are mobiles made up of kinetic solar systems that revolve in complicated balance and whose numerous orbits glide gracefully in communicative accord with themselves. In some works the use of tiny solar-powered motors propels the perspex discs of the mobiles and gives a kinetic and visual emphasis, whilst ultraviolet light illuminates the struggle between two and three dimensionality.','','',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (62,NULL,NULL,'','2009-02-20 17:35:14','2009-02-20 17:35:14','Rob and Nick Carter',NULL,'',0,'Rob and Nick Carter’s new light sculptures perform a captivating play between a word’s meaning and its visual appearance, expressing their curiosity that ‘language is abstract until you learn to read.’ The artists present each colour of the spectrum as kinetic neon words set on white powder coated aluminium. The colour names are then repeated in the other spectrum colours. Initially derived from the ‘Stroop effect’ the psychological experiment which tests the effect of interference on reaction times, this transcription is highly engaging. ','','',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (65,NULL,NULL,'','2009-02-20 17:36:38','2009-02-20 17:36:38','The Contemporary Art Society',NULL,'',0,'Founded in 1910, the Contemporary Art Society is the national membership organisation for contemporary art enthusiasts and collectors. We exist to support contemporary artists and promote collecting by both individuals and institutions. We offer a number of schemes for individuals offering an inspirational and informed engagement with contemporary art. ','','',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (67,NULL,NULL,'','2009-02-20 17:37:45','2009-02-20 17:37:45','[DAM]Berlin',NULL,'',0,'The gallery [DAM]Berlin is part of [DAM] Projects GmbH, dedicated to art of the digital age. Further components are the online-museum [DAM] since 2000 and the d.velop digital art award [ddaa], a lifetime award for digital art. 20 000 Euro and a retrospective exhibtion in the German Museum Kunsthalle Bremen, along with a catalogue, are presented to major pioneers every second year. The first three winners were Vera Molnar, F, 2005, Manfred Mohr, D, 2006, Norman White, CA, 2008.','www.dam.org','',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (69,NULL,NULL,'','2009-02-20 17:38:53','2009-02-20 17:38:53','Future of Sound',NULL,'',0,'Conceived and presented by Martyn Ware of Illustrious Company, Future of Sound provides a forum for the discussion of new and convergent art forms. By creating immersive experiences using state-of-the-art sound technology Future of Sound showcases leading practitioners in the fields of music and audio design.\r\nDuring the Fair, there will be workshops in the café, held by Cybersonica, a partner of Future of Sound exploring some of the technologies used by some artists in the Future of Sound rosta.','','',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (70,NULL,'','I find those high tech robots you see on TV etc amazing but completely lifeless...like walking/talking dead people....I try and animate my sculptures in such a way that they live....so even if they only have one simple movement I try and get it so it says everything.
\r\n\r\nMy art is directly affected by the advance in technology.....for example, as cars become more and more complex and like personal computers...the raw materials available to me from the scrapyard become more hi-tech....and hence so do my sculptures. I am currently building some interactive \'robots\' incorporating sensors found in newly scrapped cars.This time...these new sculptures will be built so they can be put in the street..... the idea is that, with the sensors, they can react to passers-by...
','2009-02-20 17:39:11','2009-11-11 22:54:07','Giles Walker',1720,'',0,'My robots are low tech.....built from bits and pieces found in scrapyards etc. The motors in them are mainly windscreen-wiper motors..or electric car window motors. I am more interested in getting something moving in a way that gives it character...and a bit of soul...
','','',NULL,NULL,1,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (79,NULL,'','In 1998 Wilkinson began to experiment with spinning lines of lights whereby the traces produce voluminous forms. The sculptures, Green Ray and Let’s Bounce, create illusory balls of light in mid air and have the presence of laboratory apparatus, suggesting an unfinished journey. These works explore concepts of dimension and reality within the physical world by recognising that seemingly solid physical objects are made of particles in motion with vast gaps of nothingness within their atoms. The sphere is of particular interest to Wilkinson, considering it to be the purest form in the physical world, the shape to which all matter, when fluid, gravitates.
\r\n\r\n“The mechanism behind light is fascinating, - all material things are fizzing with vibration, and as light interacts, colour is producedâ€
','2009-02-24 09:58:48','2009-11-11 22:54:07',' Tom Wilkinson',NULL,'',0,'Stemming from an early fascination with illusion and movement, Tom Wilkinson’s kinetic sculptures draw inspiration from astronomy and metaphysics. His work reflects the constant motions, cyclical patterns and kinetic energies that are universally present in our surroundings and the patterns made. Wilkinson also investigates the ambiguous nature of matter; the glass in Light Wave appears to be molten, inviting us to reflect on the paradoxical nature of glass as an amorphous solid.
',' http://www.tom@tomwilkinson.com','',NULL,NULL,1,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (81,NULL,'','With extensive expertise of the body in motion, both physical and virtual, the group merges content and interactivity into new generation display interfaces and media facades.
\r\n\r\nbody>data>space use connectivity and locative technologies such as \r\nsensors, virtual worlds and telematics to network public engagement and\r\ncreativity. Based in East London the team specialises in telematics –\r\nrealtime performances using the internet to link two remote spaces, \r\nallowing the participants to collaboratively play, communicate and\r\nknowledge share at a distance.
','2009-02-24 11:00:35','2009-11-11 22:54:07',' body>data>space',2980,'',0,'body>data>space is a design collective placing the body at the centre of digital interaction. We create unique events and installations for public environments and architectural builds.
','http://www.bodydataspace.net','',NULL,NULL,1,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (88,NULL,'','Representation
\r\n\r\nAgent Morton, London.
\r\nSerena@agentmorton.com
\r\n44 [0]207 341 4307
\r\nSerena Morton
\r\n\r\nCollectors Contemporary
\r\n5 Jalan Kilang Barat
\r\n#01-03 Petro Centre
\r\nSingapore 159349
\r\nTel: (65) 6878 0103
\r\nFax: (65) 6878 0041
\r\nDr Alvin Koh
','2009-02-24 15:11:12','2009-11-11 22:54:07',' Chris Levine',NULL,'',0,'Chris Levine, the light artist, lives and works in the UK. His innovative work has enjoyed widespread media coverage with collaborations and projects around the world in music, fashion and architecture.
','','',NULL,NULL,1,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (90,NULL,'','','2009-02-24 15:34:35','2009-11-11 22:54:07',' Nik Ramage',1980,'',0,'Machines made for industrial or domestic use are designed to be labour saving and efficient. The machines I make are not utilitarian and they have uncertainty and fragility built in. They are the last to be picked when the machines are picking sides for football.\r\n
\r\nThis is technology from the shadows. Absurd, paradoxical and on the verge of giving up.
','','',NULL,NULL,1,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (92,NULL,'','In constructing these devices the creative demands for Bolygo are to investigate how underlying scientific structure can change or shape an object. The practical solutions to physical problems concerned with friction, weight, tension and compression are all elements that make his kinetic devices independent of his presence. These kinetic mechanisms enable complex patterns to build up over time and embody the connection between space, matter and time.
','2009-02-24 17:19:24','2009-11-11 22:54:07',' Balint Bolygo',2060,'http://www.balintbolygo.com',0,'There are times when Balint Bolygo appears to play the role of an inventor or engineer during the production of his \'drawing machines\'. Steel weights, wires and pulleys are transformed into drawing mechanisms, all conducted by natural universal forces.
','','',NULL,NULL,1,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (96,NULL,'','','2009-02-24 17:58:31','2009-11-11 22:54:08',' Tinker it!',2050,'www.tinker.it',0,'Tinker.it! is an innovative consultancy based in London and Milan that helps its clients create interactive experiences through products, spaces and events that bridge the physical and the digital.
','','',NULL,NULL,1,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (98,NULL,'','Working closely with architects at all stages of a project, we consider light to be the fourth dimension of architecture. It should provide visual comfort and quality. Incidental use of colour and a sense of theatrics enable us to extend the role of both natural and electric light beyond the typical boundaries of the lighting profession.
\r\n\r\nArup Lighting
\r\n13 Fitzroy Street

\r\nLondon
\r\nW1T 4BQ
\r\nTel: 020 7755 3094 
Fax: 020 7755 2752

\r\nEmail: katie.davies@arup.com

','2009-02-24 20:45:08','2009-11-11 22:54:08',' Arup Lighting',NULL,'',0,'Arup Lighting provides a comprehensive architectural and natural lighting design service. We combine Arup’s robust engineering skills and broad experience with award winning creativity, flair and an innovative approach. Our approach is based on the understanding that light is both an art and a science. Light is a powerful element of architecture which can integrate and enhance design.
','http://www.arup.com/lighting','',NULL,NULL,1,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (99,NULL,'','','2009-02-24 20:55:10','2009-11-11 22:54:08',' Chris O\'Shea and Cinimod Studio',NULL,'',0,'Cinimod Studio is a multi-disciplinary design studio headed by architect and lighting designer Dominic Harris. Their area interest and expertise is the fusion of art, architecture, lighting design and interaction design. Harris believes that the large scale artworks he works on inform the architectural projects within his studio.
\r\n \r\nChris O\'Shea is an artist and designer based in London, the author of the Pixelsumo website and co-founder of the \"This Happened\" event series. Working for both public institutions and private companies, his focus is on creating experiences that playfully challenge our perceptions of space and objects.
','http://www.cinimodstudio.com','',NULL,NULL,1,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (105,NULL,'','ArtSource
\r\n87-89 The Hop Exchange
\r\n24 Southwark Street
\r\nLondon
\r\nSE1 1TY
\r\n020 7378 0002
','2009-02-24 23:44:33','2009-11-11 22:54:08',' Artsource',NULL,'',0,'ArtSource is a progressive contemporary art consultancy, working with corporate and private clients to build collections and curate exhibitions.
\r\n\r\nArtSource will be exhibiting artwork by Rob and Nick Carter and Daniel Chadwick who have collaborated on many projects since the setting up of ArtSource in 1997.
\r\n\r\n','http://www.art-source.co.uk','',NULL,NULL,1,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (107,NULL,'','Spring - Summer 2009 Programme of Events
\r\n \r\nMonday 19 January 2009 – Lansdown Symposium: \'Completing the Circle:\r\nIncorporating Evaluation in Creative Work\', a one-day symposium at the British Computer Society
\r\n \r\n4 February 2009 – Peter Zinovieff
\r\n \r\n4 March 2009 – Francesca Franco
\r\n \r\n1 April 2009 – Joel Parthemore
\r\n \r\n6 May 2009 – Jörn Ebner
\r\n \r\nMonday 6 to 8 July – EVA ‘09, Electronic Visualisation and the Arts, at the British Computer Society
\r\n \r\nThe Computer Art Society is free to join and meetings are held at the London Knowledge Lab on the first Wednesday of the month at 6:30 for 7:00pm unless otherwise indicated. \r\nSee website for further details.
','2009-02-25 00:07:53','2009-11-11 22:54:08',' The Computer Art Society',2190,'',0,'Founded to encourage the creative use of computers in the arts
','http://www.computer-arts-society.org','',NULL,NULL,1,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (108,NULL,'','Their many projects also include Cantan un Huevo, awarded at the 29th Competition of Bourges, 2002, and Aguas Vivas, which obtained a mention at VIDA 6.0, Madrid, 2003 and was shown at “White Noiseâ€, ACMI, Melbourne, 2005 and in “El medio es la comunicaciónâ€, El Tanque, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, 2007. A retrospective of their work is planned for summer 2009 in the region Isère, east of Lyon, France.
\r\n\r\nWith financial support of the Instituto Valenciano de la Música, Spain and presented by FACT.
','2009-02-25 00:25:22','2009-11-11 22:54:08',' FACT presents Bosch and Simons',2210,'',0,'Peter Bosch (1958) studied psychology at the Universities of Leiden and Amsterdam (1976-\'83) and sonology at the Royal Conservatory in The Hague (1986-\'87).
\r\n\r\nSimone Simons (1961) studied at the audiovisual department of the Gerrit Rietveld Art Academy in Amsterdam (1980-\'85). Since 1997 they work and live in Valencia, Spain.
\r\n','http://www.boschsimons.com','',NULL,NULL,1,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (109,NULL,'','\r\n\r\n\r\nhttp://artemispapageorgiou.wordpress.com/
\r\n','2009-02-25 00:44:39','2009-11-11 22:54:08',' Goldsmiths MFA Group',NULL,'',0,'Ryan Jordan, Nanda Khaorapapong, JeeHee Lee and Artemis Papageorgiou\'s works encompass interactive installations, simulation and reality, memories, and hacked hardware performances. All artists are currently students at Goldsmiths Digital Studios working, researching and developing these approaches to creating artworks with electronic and computational mediums.
','','',NULL,NULL,1,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (110,NULL,'','For more information, visit:
\r\n\r\n\r\n','2009-02-25 00:55:58','2009-11-11 22:54:08',' Stuart Warren-Hill presents Holotronica',2270,'',0,'Stuart Warren-Hill is a video performance artist and a pioneer of the audio visual VJ scene as part of the duo Hexstatic. He is continually experimenting with how sound and visuals can be integrated. Now that technology is finally catching up with his vision, he is finally able to create work that is truly 3 dimensional.
','http://www.holotronica.tv','',NULL,NULL,1,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (111,NULL,'','','2009-02-26 13:13:44','2009-11-11 22:54:08',' Ivan Black',NULL,'',0,'Ivan Black has been making kinetic sculptures for the last 20 years, in 2001 he finally turned his hobby into his proffesion. Working from his workshop next door to his home in Pembrokeshire he invents and manufactures mathematical and geometric sculptures which use movement to explore his fascination with fluid geometry. He is inspired by nature\'s use of mathematical constants in the geometry of life, the Foebonacci sequence, Phi and the double helix among others. He is encouraged and supported in his endeavours by his wife Lucy and his three beloved daughters, Iris, Nancy and Pearl
','http://www.ivanblack.co.uk ','',NULL,NULL,1,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (112,NULL,'','Jason Bruges Studio
2.08
\r\nThe Tea Building

\r\n56 Shoreditch High Street

\r\nLondon
E1 6JJ

\r\n+44 (020) 7012 1122
','2009-02-26 13:19:47','2009-11-11 22:54:08',' Jason Bruges Studio',NULL,'',0,'London based Jason Bruges Studio produces innovative installations, interventions and ground-breaking works. The works create interactive spaces and surfaces that sit between the world of architecture, site specific installation art and interaction design. The studio is particularly well known for light based design, exploring interactivity with the public and the environment through the highly imaginative use of materials and technologies.
','http://www.jasonbruges.com','',NULL,NULL,1,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (114,NULL,'','','2009-02-26 13:28:22','2009-11-11 22:54:08',' Kevan Shaw Lighting Design',NULL,'',0,'We are an architectural practice formed 20 years ago working internationally on a wide range of projects. The design team are from varied backgrounds each bringing their own ideas and experience to projects. As you can see from our installation we enjoy having fun with light.
','','',NULL,NULL,1,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (116,NULL,'','','2009-02-26 13:47:42','2009-11-11 22:54:08','Material Beliefs',NULL,'',0,'Material Beliefs

\r\nInteraction Research Studio
Department of Design
\r\nGoldsmiths, University of London

\r\nNew Cross
\r\n
London SE14 6NW
\r\nT: +44 (0)20 7078 5171

\r\nF: +44 (0)20 7919 7783
','http://materialbeliefs.com','',NULL,NULL,1,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (118,NULL,'','11 Church Street
\r\nLondon NW8 8EE
\r\nT +44 (0)2077245548
\r\nUK +44 (0)7900215317
\r\nD +49 (0)1723822495
','2009-02-26 14:51:25','2009-11-11 22:54:08',' Patrick Heide Gallery ',NULL,'',0,'Patrick Heide Contemporary Art
\r\n','http://www.patrickheide.com','',NULL,NULL,1,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (120,NULL,'','Other projects Shadow have worked on include: a huge light display on a 200 foot chimney, robotic dinosaurs for a museum exhibit, and range of automated furniture for a penthouse suite.
\r\n\r\nShadow are happy to take on any stage of your project from initial back-of-the-envelope sketches to final deadline rescues! They have carved out a reputation for taking on projects which others have said were impossible and ending up creating something quite special.
\r\n\r\nT: +44(0)207 700 2487
','2009-02-26 15:07:41','2009-11-11 22:54:08',' Shadow Robot Company',NULL,'',0,'For the last 10 years The Shadow Robot Company has been at the forefront of innovation across the whole spectrum of robotics. The people at Shadow have huge enthusiasm for all things, especially one off projects. Recently they have been collaborating with performing arts students at Leeds University to build a giant, ceiling suspended spider crab, which dancers are able to interact with, exploring the line between prop and performer.
','http://www.shadowrobot.com','',NULL,NULL,1,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (122,NULL,'','Wrap3 specialises in the production of 360-degree motion graphics, delivered both through our unique panoramic projection system and more traditional display technologies such as plasma screens and LED walls. Our digital projection techniques and customised video mapping software enable Wrap3 to generate fluid, interactive \"Virtual Second Skin\" for practically any object on any scale, offering the exciting reality of 3D video objects in public space environments.
\r\n\r\nDigital artist Alistair Burleigh is the creative force behind Wrap3. After graduating in Fine Art and Multimedia from The University of Wales in 2006, Alistair set up Wrap3 to explore the commercial applications of the new technologies he has developed through his professional practice. Since 2005 he has been experimenting with 3D projection and augmented realities, specifically, ways to fuse virtual and real space into one seamless entity, within our “usual†perception of the everyday.
\r\n\r\nSupported by the art and design consultant Chris Barlow, Alistair and Wrap3, in a short but lively history, have already worked with global brands on major projects internationally. Selected client list includes James Bond – Quantum of Solace, Chanel, and The Arcadia Group.
\r\n\r\nWrap3 Limited
\r\n17 Horley Road
\r\nSt. Werburghs
\r\nBristolÂ
\r\nBS2 9TL
\r\n\r\nT: +0044 (0)7980 886024
','2009-02-26 15:16:29','2009-11-11 22:54:08',' Wrap',NULL,'',0,'Wrap3 blends a creative digital arts practice with the latest in display technology. We develop immersive spaces, objects, and content for a range of applications, commercial projects, branding and events, film, TV and public art spaces.
','http://www.wrap3.co.uk','',NULL,NULL,1,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (124,NULL,'','Buxton has exhibited widely in the UK and internationally and his work appears in the collections of the Victoria & Albert Museum, the Design Museum London and the Cass Sculpture Foundation. His work will be exhibited at the Venice Biennale later this year.\r\nSam Buxton lives and works in London.
','2009-02-26 15:28:17','2009-11-11 22:54:08',' Sam Buxton',NULL,'',0,'The work of Sam Buxton is dominated by his innovative use of advanced materials and technologies and his work has continually managed to blur the lines between art and industrial production. Ongoing investigations engaging industrial technologies in the production of artworks and the delicate relationship between the body and its environment have produced a distinctive body of work.
','http://sambuxton.com ','',NULL,NULL,1,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (126,NULL,'','','2009-02-26 15:34:31','2009-11-11 22:54:08',' Roger Vilder',NULL,'',0,'The magic of movement surprises the viewer. It brings about a selective anticipation of the phenomena witnessed by him, soliciting as well the intelligence of his awareness.
','','',NULL,NULL,1,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (127,NULL,'','His research in intuitive musical interfaces started in 2003 with a Diploma in Multimedia/Communications Design. Since then he has developed various interactive sensory devices, which he has used for installations and as musical instruments for his experimental, sensory music project “zeichensprecherâ€.
','2009-02-26 15:39:33','2009-11-11 22:54:08',' Michael Markert',NULL,'',0,'Michael Markert is a media artist and musician specializing in programming and electronics based in Nuremberg, Germany. The focus of his work is exploring harmonic musical control through intuitive and interactive real-time sensory processing.
','','',NULL,NULL,1,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (130,NULL,'','From his early fascination with reflected light flickering off the water near his childhood home in Southsea, Hampshire, to the urban vibrancy of his current East London residence, the ephemeral qualities of light and its impact on surrounding surfaces has played a determining role in the development of Richman’s creative process. While the scope of his projects range from discreet light boxes, designed to fill the space between two books on a shelf, to relatively large and complex public installations, Richman has continually managed to infuse his work with a subjective awareness of his surroundings.
','2009-02-26 15:45:44','2009-11-11 22:54:08',' Martin Richman',NULL,'',0,'Throughout his career, internationally renowned artist Martin Richman has explored both the dramatic intensity and subtle nuances of illuminated environments, resulting in a distinctly personal body of work that at once demonstrates the artist’s innovative pioneering approach as well as his empathetic understanding of the spaces we occupy.
','','',NULL,NULL,1,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (132,NULL,'','In particular, he has focused on the illusory effects that result from directing or predetermining the presence of these properties and controlling their interaction, resulting in work that can often produce calming, disorienting or hypnotic sensations. Citing the colour theories of Goethe, Wilfred, Klee and Mondrian as major influences, Sedgley began to incorporate rotating and stroboscopic lights, colour filters and ultraviolet into his work, as an attempt to further explore colour in relation to the metaphysics of vision. Initially trained as an architect, he aligns his work to the creation of an ambient spatial theatre in which the viewer becomes both spectator and participant.
','2009-02-26 15:58:02','2009-11-11 22:54:08',' Peter Sedgley',NULL,'',0,'Recognized as a pioneer in the development and application of kinetic and luminescent technology within the arts, internationally renowned visual artist Peter Sedgley has produced a vast and diverse body of work over the last four decades, through which, he has continually explored the optical properties of colour, light and motion.
','','',NULL,NULL,1,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (134,NULL,'','\"In sculpture you can have an idea, an exact idea but the final result will come from experimentation and the limits of the material. In this mutual give and take, a transformative process takes place; where there is an evolution of both form and idea. In my work I have been combining flexible and rigid materials, materials that merge a biomorphic, surreal pattern of black shapes and lines, with geometric metal frames and structures that work at the same time to move, and contain the active forms of the piece, creating what I hope is a humorous, surreal form of sculpture.\" - Jack Pavlik
','2009-02-26 16:02:54','2009-11-11 22:54:08',' Jack Pavlik',2500,'',0,'American artist, Jack Pavlik creates harmonic machines from sliding and propelled steel bands. Kinetica are presenting 2 works from Jack\'s prolific collection for ArtBots 2008; \'The Storm\' and \'6 Bands\' which link stillness and motion, sight and sound and science with art to generate compelling performative works.
','','',NULL,NULL,1,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (136,NULL,'','','2009-02-26 16:10:09','2009-11-11 22:54:08',' Tim Lewis',NULL,'',0,'Tim Lewis combines mechanical devices and sculpture to investigate, test and experiment with his own doubts and perception of the world.
','','',NULL,NULL,1,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (138,NULL,'','Patterns are powerful visual tools. They define the environment we live in, conveying rich historical and cultural meaning. They both reflect and create a rich art vocabulary. Art can contribute to integrating new technologies into our lifestyle. In recent work such as Skylights, Ginco embraces electroluminescent technology to create a skyline in motion. In this series, light patterns dress buildings and hence participate to the landscape as an integral element of the architectural design.
','2009-02-26 16:19:27','2009-11-11 22:54:08',' Ginco',NULL,'',0,'Ginco is a contemporary artist interested in exploring the contextual and dynamic properties of light on the environment. Through her work, Ginco investigates light as a medium unto itself, challenging how light is used and where one would expect to find it.
','http://www.gincodesign.co.uk','',NULL,NULL,1,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (140,NULL,'','The hexagon dress is part of her graduation project called Limbus, combining technology fashion, light, computer programming and mechanics.
','2009-02-26 16:25:23','2009-11-11 22:54:08',' Ninna Thorarinsdottir',NULL,'',0,'Ninna Thorarinsdottir is from Akureyri, Iceland. \r\nShe graduated from the Design Academy in Eindhoven in 2006 with a BA Honours in Design and currently works as a designer in Amsterdam.
','http://www.fiska.co.uk','',NULL,NULL,1,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (144,NULL,'','A former painter and U. S. national champion gymnast, Seth Riskin brought his visual art and movement ability together at M. I. T. in an original art form known as Light Dance. He studies light in varied cultures, notably in Hindu India where he researched ritual fire dance on a Fulbright Scholarship. Riskin teaches his light courses at universities such as M. I. T. and the Rhode Island School of Design—An Anthropology of Light and The Architecture of Light are examples.
\r\n\r\nRiskin currently works at the MIT Museum where he leads two projects: the Holography and Spatial Imaging Initiative and the Emerging Technologies Initiative.
\r\n\r\nSeth Riskin
\r\nEmerging Technologies Initiative
\r\nHolography and Spatial Imaging Initiative
\r\nMIT Museum
','2009-02-27 10:33:07','2009-11-11 22:54:08',' Seth Riskin',NULL,'',0,'Seth Riskin creates body-mounted light instruments that extend his body. In silent, space-defining performances, he articulates architectural light effects through his precise body movements, sculpting space around viewers who find themselves within the “danceâ€.
','http://web.mit.edu/museum','',NULL,NULL,1,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (146,NULL,'','She creates scenarios and visual metaphors to typify and embody abstractions such as one\'s inner state of being or intentionality. Her work aims to appose the awareness between internal and external realities, personal and public experiences by creating playful narratives.
\r\n\r\nAnak has also taken part in communication and theatre workshops developing physical metaphors as an anchoring system of language. She is currently developing an interactive tool for visualising progress.
','2009-02-27 10:38:22','2009-11-11 22:54:08',' Anak',NULL,'',0,'Anak is a multidisciplinary artist engaged in exploring patterns of perception confined in our culture by using a wide range of mediums from graphic design, urban art, interactive work to performance art and dance.
','http://www.helloanak.com','',NULL,NULL,1,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (151,NULL,'','An eclectic jeweler and metalsmith, Robert Ebendorf was born in Topeka, Kansas. He earned a B.F.A. degree in 1958 and an M.F.A. in 1963 at the University of Kansas. A Fulbright grant enabled Ebendorff to study in 1963 at Norway's state School for Applied Arts and Crafts. Upon receiving a Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation grant, he returned to Norway from 1965 to 1966 to work at Norway Silver Designs in Fredikstad.
Ebendorf has worked as a jewelry design consultant in Mexico City, Oslo, Norway, and Vicenza, Italy. A founding member and past president of the Society of North American Goldsmiths, he has taught at Stetson University in Florida, University of Georgia, Haystack Mountain School of Crafts in Deer Isle, Maine, Penland School of Crafts in North Carolina, and the State University of New York, New Paltz.
','2009-03-11 14:40:52','2010-01-10 22:14:10','Edris Eckhardt',NULL,'',0,'Offeh is a London based, Ghanaian born artist whose practice questions notions of identity, race and representation. Since graduating from the Royal College of Art with an MA in Fine Art Photography, he has exhibited internationally as well taken part in residencies and projects with Tate Modern, Gasworks and the ICA.
','','',NULL,NULL,6,'Cleveland, Ohio','Lakewood, Ohio',NULL,NULL), (154,NULL,'','','2009-03-11 14:46:05','2009-11-11 22:54:08',' Jessica Thom',NULL,'',0,'Jessica Thom (born 1980 London,) completed a BA in Drawing at Camberwell College of Art and an MA in Photography at the Royal College of Art. Her practice draws on various research methodologies and works with communities to help articulate their experiences of the public realm. Alongside her artistic practice she is also a play worker and is a trustee of Charlie Chaplin Adventure Playground.
','','',NULL,NULL,6,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (155,NULL,'','','2009-03-11 14:48:21','2009-11-11 22:54:08',' The People Speak and Demos thinktank',NULL,'',0,'The People Speak are a London based collective, founded in 1997 by artists Michael Weinkove and Saul Albert. Their practice utilises familiar media formats such as TV game shows taken into the public domain. They have exhibited internationally at ISEA, EAST, Tate Modern and the Prague Biennale.
\r\n\r\nDemos is a thinktank founded in 1993 as an educational charity. One strand of their current research is how the visual arts can affect ideas relating to policy-making more widely, and in ways that challenge a political world beyond Westminster.
','','',NULL,NULL,6,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (157,NULL,'','Among his works he created United People, an interactive video installation and online community for Benetton stores worldwide, as well as UCBTV, an in-store digital signage system for Benetton’s commercial network. He has also produced a number of CD-ROMs and interactive installations for museums, commercial clients and art galleries, including DARE (2003) at the Museum of the Moving Image in New York.
\r\n\r\nHe is the founding member of the Hypermedia Research Centre at the University of Westminster in London and co-founded Antirom, a studio investigating the nature of interactivity, winning the D&AD and BIMA awards for interaction design. The award-winning interactive agency has worked for clients like Levi Strauss and but also acts as an arts collective with productions at Sonar in Barcelona and the International Film Festival in Rotterdam, among others.
\r\n\r\nAndy Cameron edited the book The Art of Experimental Interaction Design, a presentation of works by seminal artists who have left a mark on the interaction field. He has also published two influential essays, Dissimulations, the Illusion of Interactivity and The Californian Ideology (with Richard Barbrook).
','2009-03-20 09:53:06','2009-11-11 22:54:08',' Andy Cameron',2840,'',0,'Andy Cameron is the Head of the Interactive Department at Fabrica, the Benetton research centre on communication. Each year Fabrica invites young artists, photographers, designers, musicians, writers, interaction designers from all over the world to collaborate and“uncover the futureâ€.
','http://www.fabrica.it','',NULL,NULL,7,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (159,NULL,'','They have worked on live tours for artists to include Massive Attack\'s 100th Window tour, where they created a huge central on-stage LED screen streaming with data, run live throughout the performances, and updated in real time each day to reflect the local culture, geography and environment. A complete contrast is the high energy video images and graphics for Basement Jaxx’s Kish Kash tour.
\r\n\r\nJust as the experience of music is transformed by the presence of thousands of people in a concert hall, their work aims to create a powerful social experience, turning the audience into active participants.
\r\n\r\nMore recently UVA were commissioned to celebrate the re-opening of the Howard Assembly Room with Chorus (2009) an array of motor-assisted pendulums, suspended swinging through space emitting light and sound and producing a hypnotic and seductive performance.
','2009-03-20 12:00:10','2009-11-11 22:54:08',' United Visual Artists',2870,'',0,'United Visual Artists (UVA) is a London-based art and design practice creating large-scale light-based installations. Fusing ideas and concepts in the fast-moving world of video and visual art UVA amalgamate science and art to produce emotional responses in live situations, be it a concert, club or presentation.
','http://www.uva.co.uk','',NULL,NULL,7,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (162,NULL,'','His historical archives and comprehensive collection of original electronic musical instruments have been built up through his extensive research into music technology and interactive composition. Andrey has created computer-processed and computer-generated sound compositions for a variety of media projects around the world.
\r\n\r\nMost recently, his Generation Z project, which restores the censored history and culture of the Russia’s artistic Utopia of the 1910s and 1920s, has been realised in Sound in Z – an audio, visual and textual exhibition in the frame of the project FROM ONE REVOLUTION TO ANOTHER – Carte blanche to Jeremy Deller at Palais de Tokyo, Paris, (2008-2009).
\r\n\r\nThe exhibition revolves around the archives of the Theremin Centre, Moscow offering an introduction to some of the key figures of the period and re-evaluating the history of music technology.
\r\n\r\nAmong his other works are the Sonograms for tape (1999), performances Sonochronotop (2000), Brain Jazz (2001) and more recently Sensor-Garden (2006-2007) – an installation comprised of several plants connected to theremin-sensors which act as live antennas.
','2009-03-20 13:10:27','2009-11-11 22:54:08',' Andrei Smirnov',NULL,'',0,'Andrey Smirnov is an interdisciplinary artist, composer and scholar. He is a founding director of the Theremin Centre for Electroacoustic Music at Moscow State Conservatory where he teaches courses on the history and aesthetics of electroacoustic music, new musical interfaces and sensor technology.
','','',NULL,NULL,7,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (164,NULL,'','Exploring the terrain between sound, space, image and form, Scanner has been practising sonic art since 1991, producing concerts, installations and albums from Mass Observation (1994), Delivery (1997), and The Garden is Full of Metal (1998), and Of Air and Ear – a six hour live audio visual work at the Royal Opera House (2008). Collaborating with light artist Sophie Clements the piece takes the form of a 12m x 5m \'playable\' light sculpture resulting in a dialogue of colour, music, texture and light.
\r\n\r\nAmong his other works Scanner has scored the hit musical comedy Kirikou & Karaba, designed the sound for the new Philips Wake-Up Light and collaborated with a range of artists, including Bryan Ferry, Merce Cunningham, the writer and critic Sukhdev Sandhu, Steve McQueen and Wayne McGregor. His work has been presented throughout the United States, South America, Asia, Australia and Europe.
','2009-03-20 13:17:51','2009-11-11 22:54:08',' Scanner',2910,'',0,'Robin Rimbaud (aka Scanner) is a conceptual artist, writer, and musician working in London. He first attracted attention when he started using ‘found’ mobile phone conversations in his compositions. Using a hand-held scanner, he trawled the airwaves for sonic artefacts to use in his work, developing a form of music that is emotively rich and immersive, twisting technology in unconventional ways to find new worlds of sound.
','http://www.scannerdot.com','',NULL,NULL,7,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (166,NULL,'','Since receiving an MA from Central Saint Martins (2005), his commissioned work has included a visual exploration of Stravinsky and Debussy\'s two-piano music in collaboration with Katia and Marielle Labeque (KML Recordings, 2006), and a two-screen interpretation of Conlon Nancarrow’s Player Piano Study No.7 (Barbican Festival, 2007).
\r\n\r\nHis film for Stravinsky\'s Concerto for Two Pianos was screened at the 2006 L’Alternativa festival of independent cinema, Barcelona, and featured at the Victory Media Network Digital Art Plaza in Dallas, Texas.
\r\n\r\nIn 2008 he won the BAFTA for Best Title Sequence for Channel 4’s television series Skins. In April 2008, his video piece In Seven Days, in collaboration with the composer Thomas Adès was premiered at London\'s Royal Festival Hall as a part of its reopening season. The piece was commissioned by the London Sinfonietta and the Los Angeles Philharmonic Association and had its US premiere at Walt Disney Concert Hall in May 2008.
\r\n\r\nHis most recent piece, Without You, inspired by a Josef Albers poem, for Channel 4’s Animate, is an exploration of London\'s industrial suburbia, beautifully reconstructed in digital motion.
\r\n\r\nTal is a regular participant in Future of Sound, London’s Kinetica Museum, the British Library and Futuresonic Festival in Manchester.','2009-03-20 13:24:52','2009-11-11 22:54:08',' Tal Rosner',2930,'',0,'Tal Rosner is the BAFTA award-winning filmmaker and graphic artist who turned slow-paced video art on its head to create dynamic, ever-changing motion graphics art.
','','',NULL,NULL,7,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (168,NULL,'','Citing influences as diverse as Oscar Fischinger, Wassily Kandinsky, Tim Burton and King Tubby they fuse together animation, music and sound, gaming, technology to produce unique live AV experiences.
\r\n\r\nDeriving their name from Cervantes – famous novel Don Quixote, The Sancho Plan create fantastical worlds of adventure in which animated musical characters are triggered by a variety of electronic musical instruments and interfaces.
\r\n\r\nTheir animated musical performances feature a live band surrounded by screens with the musicians orchestrating sounds and simultaneously controlling the on screen characters.
\r\n\r\nIntended as narrative stories as much as musical and visual performances they deliver their work using cutting-edge technology in such a way that the complexity of their machinery is almost invisible.
\r\n\r\nThe collective are currently working on the first chapter of an interactive feature film working with award-winning writer Maurice Suckling. The show tells the story of a lost wanderer’s adventures through surreal and unfamiliar lands as he tries to find his way back home.
','2009-03-20 13:41:18','2009-11-11 22:54:08',' Sancho Plan',2950,'',0,'
The Sancho Plan is a ‘rock ’n’ roll’ band for the 21st century – a rare alchemy of award winning writers, musicians, animators, designers and computer programmers, whose interactive performances have featured in the clubs and festivals around the world from Burning Man (USA) to Big Chill (UK).
','http://www.thesanchoplan.com','',NULL,NULL,7,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (169,NULL,'','','2009-03-24 18:38:38','2009-03-24 18:42:47','Illustrious',3020,'',0,'','','',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (170,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-03-24 18:43:20','2009-11-11 22:54:08',' Illustrious',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,7,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (171,NULL,NULL,'Robert Ebendorf is a master jewelry maker in America today. His work is famed for his imaginative combining of disparate materials. In this neckpiece, [Necklace, SAAM, 1984.53] Ebendorf marries gold, silver, ebony, and amber in a colorful display. There is a boldness to this neckpiece that is typical of Ebendorf's aesthetic. At the same time, the piece is light-years from the tradition of fine jewelry making that uses sumptuous gemstones and precious metals for glittering effect and enhancement of social status. Ebendorf's work is the antithesis of ostentation and conspicuous consumption.
','2009-06-11 05:46:31','2009-12-15 08:19:18','Edris Eckhardt',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,10,'Cleveland, Ohio','Lakewood, Ohio',NULL,NULL), (172,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-06-11 06:09:37','2009-11-11 22:54:08','Douglass Crockwell',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (173,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-06-11 07:10:54','2009-11-11 22:54:08','Daniel Celentano',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (174,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-08-26 22:30:38','2009-08-26 22:30:38','Mr Wibble',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (175,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-13 15:51:29','2009-12-13 15:51:29','Bob Jones',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (176,'1970',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-13 18:40:39','2009-12-13 19:34:01','test',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'--- \n- test2\n- test3\n',NULL), (177,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-13 19:37:15','2009-12-13 19:37:15','test',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (178,'1896',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:48','2009-12-15 08:25:48','George Aarons',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1980','2',10,'St. Petersburg, Russia','Gloucester, Massachusetts','--- \n- George Manuel Aarons\n- George M. Aarons\n',NULL), (179,'1852',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:48','2009-12-15 08:25:48','Edwin Austin Abbey',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1911','3',10,'Philadelphia, Pennsylvania','London, England','--- \n- E. A. Abbey\n',NULL), (180,'1898',NULL,'"Paris was where the 20th century was." Should the remark so often quoted and attributed to Gertrude Stein prove apocryphal, it would make no difference. At the turn of the century and again after World War I, it seemed that most of the artistic and literary ferment of the modern world was focused in that city. To Paris in the 1920s came Berenice Abbott, a young woman fresh from Ohio State University's School of Journalism and from New York's Greenwich Village. Yet, despite this experience, she was still looking for her career, for her real profession and life's work. Born in Ohio in 1898, she had spent unhappy early years as the child of divorced parents and, after attending Ohio State University, had left the Midwest (for good) in 1918 for New York city and the Village. Ostensibly she was seeking a career in journalism and had moved to New York intending to pursue that subject at Columbia University. In fact the move to New York only presaged another in 1921, this time to Paris to study sculpture. "You're finding yourself as you go along when you're young,"she has remarked. "Youth often enters a field that isn't always the right choice." (1)
Her discovery of the right field came in 1923 and seems to have been entirely serendipitous. The famous photographer Man Ray needed an assistant, but insisted on one without previous knowledge of the craft. Young expatriates must eat, and Abbott applied. Her lack of knowledge qualified her for the job. Soon she was printing for Man Ray and discovering that she immensely enjoyed doing darkroom work. Later, at his suggestion, Abbott began to take her own first photographs. Both were surprised to discover how good she was. By 1925, with the aid of loans from Peggy Guggenheim and from Robert McAlmon (one of the "charmed circle" surrounding Gertrude Stein), she had set up her own studio on the Left Bank. There she pursued portrait photography which absorbed her at that time.
A selection of images of the stream of notables who found their way to Berenice Abbott's studio are presented in this exhibition. Figures from the world of fashion and the haut monde of Parisian society mix freely with some of the era's legendary literary figures and artists, including the dadaists and surrealists out pour épater le bourgeois. Abbott presents them all with what one can only term an imaginative realism.
Each subject was extremely important to her. "I wasn't trying to make a still life of them," she has said, "but a person. Its a kind of exchange between people—it has to be—and I enjoyed it." (2) Formal posing was totally foreign to her approach. Her subjects tend to move casually; frequently they slouch. Occasionally perhaps captured in conversation or interaction with her, they strike self-assertive or deliberately playful stances. Always she is a master at catching the telling gesture (the languid, listless hand of James Joyce) or the detail of dress or accessory (the elegant pince-nez of Mrs. Theodore van Rysselberghe and the large ring on her forefinger) that reveals character as strongly as face or eyes. Less frequently Abbott experimented with arbitrary cropping to create a mood, one to us redolent of the art deco aesthetic first formally presented to Paris and the world in 1925 at L'Exposition internationale des arts décoratifs et industriels modernes. How could she not be aware of and sensitive to the international movements in art that crowded the Paris horizon? Yet, through it all, we sense a serious intelligence and a sturdy individuality developing and gathering force.
The years in Paris also brought an obsession into Abbott's life—the work of the French photographer Eugene Atget (1857–1927). Now some fifty years after his death honored by exhibitions at the Museum of Modern Art in New York, he was largely unknown or rejected in Paris during the 1920s. (Even as late as 1967 or 1968, Abbott says, the French authorities rejected the Atget collection when she offered it to them through the French Minister of Culture, André Malraux.) Abbott had first become aware of the work of this unrecognized master of photography through Man Ray. The impact of Atget's work on her was immediate and she periodically bought his photographs, as many as she could afford, for a few francs each. After Atget's death she purchased his collection of some 10,000 images—both prints and negatives—from his closest friend, André Calmette. A labor of love followed as Abbott saw that each glass plate negative was cleaned and stored in a numbered glassine envelope. Then she began her long and until recently quite fruitless campaign to have Atget's work recognized. The resistance she met reveals the attitudes of the art world of the day: a preoccupation with abstraction, an abhorrence and denigration of realism as trivial and trite, and grave doubts as to the legitimacy of photography as an art. (The September 1951 issue of Art News, for example introduced an article by Berenice Abbott with the rhetorical questions, "Does photography belong in museums? In fact, is it an art at all?") (3) Abbott's fight for Atget's recognition demanded her time, attention, persistence, and self-sacrifice, often at the expense of her own career.
Despite her success in Paris, by 1929 Abbott was ready to return home. On a visit to America she became excited by New York city. She has said that she became interested in the States from a distance, that some persons abroad become fascinated with their own country. She had left her homeland out of frustration with a country that offered very little encouragement for the arts. Abbott feels that her relocation to Europe was an act of justified rebellion. Yet, she has said that "after years in Paris I found myself drawn by a certain nostalgia and an objective interest [in the United States] that crept up over the years." (4)
Fascinated by New York City and the changes that had occurred in it during her absence, she began the monumental work of documenting its visual presence—its sweeping technological innovations, its bridges, its canyonlike streets overtowered by skyscrapers (many of the most famous under construction at that time), its nineteenth-century brownstones and even earlier vestiges of colonial architecture, its littered streets, its hum and vitality, its sparkling transformation at night into a fairyland of light and glitter. The rest is history. The right artist and the right project—one demanding perseverance, vitality, and great individuality of imagination—had met. Her efforts were finally rewarded in 1935 when the New Deal's Federal Art Project of the Works Progress Administration agreed to sponsor her documentation of New York under the project title "Changing New York." The book of the same title, published in 1939, was a milestone in the history of photography.
Since 1939 Abbott has engaged in many projects, turning her attention to the photography of scientific phenomena and working for the Physical Science Study Committee at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She now lives in rural Maine, where she moved in 1962. She continues to be outspoken in her comments concerning photography which she believes is the most important art form of our time. "It took the modern period to develop an art based on scientific sources, on chemistry and optics. The vision of the twentieth century has been created by photography." (5)
As for realism and the mechanistic aspect of photography, her own summing up of her experience with a camera presents a powerful, lucid argument for the creativity of the photographer and also provides insights into our responses to her photographs:
"By the choice of subject and the special treatment given a subject, [the photograph] is as personal as writing or music; while by the fact that it works with an instrument to record a segment of reality given and already made … it is impersonal, to the highest degree." (6)
Abbott also believes that "while significant reality is the subject matter of the photographer, it follows that … the choice of subject is inescapably a subjective one. One cannot help equating the objective world with oneself." (7)
We, too, read ourselves into her photographs, experiencing the New York of the 1980s more fully and acutely by savoring her images of the 1930s. Her photographs of both the twenties and the thirties provide us with more than a souvenir, more than a record or document. By an act of creative imagination Berenice Abbott has revealed to us something of the indestructible essence of a place or a time that resists oblivion and change. For many of us, this creative act seems both life-enhancing and revitalizing.
1. Conversation with Berenice Abbott, February 25, 1982. During the conversation the artist discussed her remarks published in Alice C. Steinbach, "Berenice Abbott's Point of View," an interview with Berenice Abbott, Art in America (November–December 1970): 77–81.
2. Conversation with Berenice Abbott, February 25, 1982. During the conversation the artist discussed her remarks published in Alice C. Steinbach, "Berenice Abbott's Point of View," an interview with Berenice Abbott, Art in America (November–December 1970): 79.
3. Berenice Abbott, "What the Camera and I See," Art News (September 1951): 36.
4. Conversation with Berenice Abbott, February 25,1982. See also Art in America (November–December 1970): 77–81
5. Avis Berman, "The Unflinching Eye of Berenice Abbott," Art News (January 1981): 87.
6. Art News (September 1951): 30–37.
7. Conversation with Berenice Abbott, February 25, 1982. The same idea was also expressed in Art News (September 1951): 36–37.
','2009-12-15 08:25:48','2009-12-15 08:25:48','Berenice Abbott',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1991','5',10,'Springfield, Ohio','Monson, Maine',NULL,NULL), (181,'1921',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:48','2009-12-15 08:25:48','Mary Abbott',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'6',10,'New York, New York',NULL,'--- \n- Mary Lee Abbott\n',NULL), (182,'1934',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:48','2009-12-15 08:25:48','Sigmund Abeles',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'7',10,'New York, New York',NULL,'--- \n- Sigmund Morton Abeles\n- Sigmund M. Abeles\n',NULL), (183,'1910',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:48','2009-12-15 08:25:48','Ida Abelman',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'8',10,'New York, New York',NULL,NULL,NULL), (184,'1909',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:48','2009-12-15 08:25:48','Gertrude Abercrombie',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1977','9',10,'Austin, Texas','Chicago, Illinois',NULL,NULL), (185,'1948',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:48','2009-12-15 08:25:48','Darryl Abraham',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'10',10,'Wayland, New York',NULL,NULL,NULL), (186,'1879',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:48','2009-12-15 08:25:48','Albert Abramovitz',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1963','11',10,'Riga, Russia','East Meadow, New York',NULL,NULL), (187,'1933',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:48','2009-12-15 08:25:48','Rodolfo Abularach',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'12',10,'Guatemala City, Guatemala',NULL,'--- \n- Rodolfo Marco Abularach\n',NULL), (188,'1881',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:48','2009-12-15 08:25:48','Maurice Achener',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1963','13',10,'Mulhouse, France','Paris, France','--- \n- Maurice Victor Achener\n',NULL), (189,'1934',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:48','2009-12-15 08:25:48','Keith Achepohl',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'14',10,'Chicago, Illinois',NULL,'--- \n- Keith Anden Achepohl\n',NULL), (190,'1895',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:48','2009-12-15 08:25:48','Alice Acheson',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1996','15',10,'Charlevoix, Michigan','Washington, District of Columbia','--- \n- Alice Stanley\n- Alice S. Acheson\n- Dean Acheson\n- Alice Stanley Acheson\n',NULL), (191,'1954',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:48','2009-12-15 08:25:48','David Acker',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1986','16',10,'Lima, Peru','New York, New York',NULL,NULL), (192,'1949',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:48','2009-12-15 08:25:48','William Adair',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'17',10,'Honolulu, Hawaii',NULL,'--- \n- William B. Adair\n',NULL), (193,'1947',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:48','2009-12-15 08:25:48','Adal',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'18',10,'Utuado, Puerto Rico',NULL,'--- \n- Adal Maldonado\n- Adal Alberto Maldonado\n',NULL), (194,'1902',NULL,'One of the most influential photographers of the twentieth century, Adams spent a significant part of his adult life in Yosemite National Park. Born in San Francisco and trained as a musician, by 1920 he had begun making trips into the High Sierra; in 1924 he made his first important photographs there and began to publish both images and writings. Adams's work in both media contributed greatly to the American conservationist movement.
By the mid-1930s, Adams had abandoned an earlier Pictorialist style in favor of the clean, sharp focus vision of Group f/64. Along with Edward Weston, Imogen Cunningham, and Willard Van Dyke, Adams was a founding member of this group, dedicated to "a simple and direct presentation [of] purely photographic means." Adams's work, in particular, is characterized by meticulous technique and dramatic celebration of the natural world.
','2009-12-15 08:25:48','2009-12-15 08:25:48','Ansel Adams',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1984','20',10,'San Francisco, California','Monterey, California','--- \n- Ansel Easton Adams\n',NULL), (195,'1907',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:48','2009-12-15 08:25:48','Bertrand R. Adams',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'21',10,'Webster City, Iowa',NULL,'--- \n- Bert Adams\n- Bertrand Adams\n',NULL), (196,'1918',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:48','2009-12-15 08:25:48','Clinton Adams',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2002','22',10,'Glendale, California','Albuquerque, New Mexico',NULL,NULL), (197,'1858',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:48','2009-12-15 08:25:48','Herbert Adams',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1945','23',10,'Concord, Vermont','New York, New York','--- \n- Herbert Samuel Adams\n',NULL), (198,'1897',NULL,'Painter, printmaker. Adams first studied at the Art Institute of Chicago, then at the Art Students League in New York with Kenneth Hayes Miller and George Bridgman. He attended summer classes in Woodstock, New York, taught by Andrew Dasburg, who encouraged him to move to New Mexico in 1924, where Adams lived until his death. His compassionate regard for Hispanics and a renewed interest in landscape largely determined the subjects of his paintings. Adams was the last artist to join the Taos Society of Artists before it disbanded in 1927. His blend of conservative and modernist styles made him a pivotal figure between the founders of the society and the second generation of artists, many of whom were sympathetic to new trends developing in New York and Europe.
','2009-12-15 08:25:48','2009-12-15 08:25:48','Kenneth M. Adams',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1966','24',10,'Topeka, Kansas','Albuquerque, New Mexico','--- \n- Kenneth Miller Adams\n- Kenneth Adams\n',NULL), (199,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:48','2009-12-15 08:25:48','Lyn Adams',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'25',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (200,'1917',NULL,'The works of basket maker Mary Adams represent the ingenious marriage of traditional Mohawk crafts with contemporary popular forms. Adams, who is in her sixties, teaches basketry at the local reservation museum twice a week. Half a dozen traditional basket makers work near Adams on the St. Regis Reservation, including her sister, Margaret.
After coming into contact with Europeans in the late eighteenth century, the Algonkian and Iroquoian peoples replaced their indigenous style of basketry —stitched wood and bark, twining, and plaited matting—with the plaited and woodsplint technique common to Germanic and Swedish colonists. The sharp points of woodsplint in the Wedding Cake Basket [SAAM 1989.30.1] are a variation of the porcupine twist or "curlicue" manipulation of the splints, recognized as "thistle weave" in the distinctive Mohawk style. Adams skillfully contrasts protruding design elements with the smooth texture of surface splints, which are interwoven with sweet grass.
','2009-12-15 08:25:48','2009-12-30 18:29:40','Mary Adams',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1999','26',10,'Cornwall Island, Canada','Fort Covington, New York','--- \n- Kawennatakie\n',NULL), (201,'1937',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:48','2009-12-15 08:25:48','Robert Adams',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'27',10,'Orange, New Jersey',NULL,'--- \n- Robert Hickman Adams\n',NULL), (202,'1950',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:48','2009-12-15 08:25:48','Shelby Lee Adams',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'28',10,', Kentucky',NULL,'--- \n- Shelby Adams\n',NULL), (203,'1876',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:48','2009-12-15 08:25:48','Clifford Addams',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1942','29',10,'Woodbury, New Jersey','New York, New York','--- \n- Clifford Isaac Addams\n',NULL), (204,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:48','2009-12-15 08:25:48','Fred Adler',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'30',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (205,'1865',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:48','2009-12-15 08:25:48','Jules Adler',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1952','31',10,'Luxeuil, France','Nogent-sur-Marne, France',NULL,NULL), (206,'1898',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:48','2009-12-15 08:25:48','Samuel Adler',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1979','32',10,'New York, New York','New York, New York','--- \n- Samuel Marcus Adler\n- Samuel M. Adler\n',NULL), (207,'1773',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:48','2009-12-15 08:25:48','John Samuel Agar',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1858','33',10,', England',', England',NULL,NULL), (208,'1812',NULL,'Born February 14, 1812 (or 1817), in Sparta, N.Y. Studied with his brother Frederick and with Thomas Cummings. Lived in New York, 1831–38. Served as "portrait and botanical artist" on the Wilkes around-the-world expedition, 1838–42. Lived in Washington, D.C., 1842–46. Prepared over half the illustrations for Wilkes's six-volume Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition (1844–-45). Married Elizabeth Hill Kennedy of Alexandria, 1845. Died January 5, 1846, in Washington, D.C.
','2009-12-15 08:25:48','2009-12-15 08:25:48','Alfred T. Agate',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1846','34',10,'Sparta, New York','Washington, District of Columbia','--- \n- Alfred Thomas Agate\n- Alfred Agate\n',NULL), (209,'1913',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:48','2009-12-15 08:25:48','Peter Agostini',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1993','35',10,'New York, New York','New York, New York',NULL,NULL), (210,'1939',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:48','2009-12-15 08:25:48','Deborah Aguado',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'36',10,'New York, New York',NULL,NULL,NULL), (211,'1867',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:48','2009-12-15 08:25:48','Georgette Agutte',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1922','37',10,'Paris, France','Chamonix, France','--- \n- Marcel Sembat\n',NULL), (212,'1872',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:48','2009-12-15 08:25:48','George Charles Aid',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1938','38',10,'Quincy, Illinois','Tryon, North Carolina','--- \n- George Aid\n- George C. Aid\n',NULL), (213,'1871',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:48','2009-12-15 08:25:48','Jessie A. Walker',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'39',10,NULL,NULL,'--- \n- Jessie Aitchison Walker\n- J. A. Walker\n- Jessie A. Walker\n',NULL), (214,'1878',NULL,'Sculptor. Aitken was honored with awards from the National Academy of Design and the New York Architectural League, among other groups. The figure group, The Flame (1911) and the bronze doors he executed for the John W. Gates mausoleum (Woodlawn Cemetery, N.Y.) are good examples of his work.
','2009-12-15 08:25:48','2009-12-15 08:25:48','Robert Aitken',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1949','40',10,'San Francisco, California','New York, New York','--- \n- Robert Ingersoll Aitken\n- Robert I. Aitken\n',NULL), (215,'1919',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:48','2009-12-15 08:25:48','Abe Ajay',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1998','41',10,'Altoona, Pennsylvania','Bethel, Pennsylvania','--- \n- Ibrahim Mahfoud Ajay\n',NULL), (216,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:48','2009-12-15 08:25:48','Ophelia Akin',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'43',10,NULL,NULL,'--- \n- Ophelia Aitken\n- James Akin\n- Akin\n- James Aitken\n- Aitken\n',NULL), (217,'1890',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:48','2009-12-15 08:25:48','Grace Albee',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1985','44',10,'Scituate, Rhode Island',NULL,'--- \n- Grace Thurston Arnold Albee\n- Grace Arnold Albee\n',NULL), (218,'1899',NULL,'The daughter of a furniture manufacturer, Anni Albers (née Fleischmann) was born in Berlin. After studying art with a private tutor, and then with impressionist painter Martin Brandenburg, she continued her training at the School of Applied Art in Hamburg and the Bauhaus in Weimar and Dessau. At the Weimar Bauhaus she met abstract artist Josef Albers, whom she married in 1925. She was a part-time instructor and acting director of the Bauhaus weaving workshop from 1930 to 1933. The couple left Nazi Germany and accepted teaching positions at Black Mountain College, North Carolina, where Anni Albers was an assistant professor of art from 1933 to 1949.
Albers was the first weaver to have a solo exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art, in 1949, and the second recipient of the American Craft Council's Fold Medal for "uncompromising excellence" in 1980.
','2009-12-15 08:25:48','2009-12-15 08:25:48','Anni Albers',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1994','45',10,'Berlin, Germany','Orange, Connecticut','--- \n- Annelise Fleischmann\n',NULL), (219,'1888',NULL,'An elementary school teacher for twelve years, and an instructor at the Bauhaus from 1923 until 1933, Josef Albers was one of the most influential artist-educators to immigrate to the United States during the 1930s. Following early academic training at the Royal Art School in Berlin (1913–15), the Kunstgewerbeschule in Essen (part-time from 1916 to 1919), and the Art Academy in Munich (1919–20), Albers turned in 1920 to the innovative atmosphere of the Weimar Bauhaus. There he began his experimental work as an abstract artist. After three years as a student, he was hired to teach the famed Vorkurs, the introductory class that immersed students in the principles of design and the behavior of materials.
Albers was convinced that students needed to develop an understanding of "the static and dynamic properties of materials. . . through direct experience." His students made constructions with wire netting, matchboxes, phonograph needles, razor blades, and other unusual materials. They also visited workshops where craftsmen worked daily with the structural and behavioral characteristics of industrial and natural materials.(1)
In his own work, Albers investigated color theory and composition. He began to explore mathematical proportions as a way to achieve balance and unity in his art. Yet, Albers did not aim to be a purely analytical painter. Although he had not taken classes with either Klee or Kandinsky as a Bauhaus student, and did not profess metaphysical concerns, Albers believed that Art is spirit, and only the quality of spirit gives the arts an important place in. . . life."(2)
Albers had come to his own brand of abstraction over the course of many years. By 1908, he had discovered Matisse and Cézanne, and in Berlin he encountered work by Munch, van Gogh, the German Expressionists, Delaunay, and the Italian Futurists. Initially an expressionist, Albers began experimenting with abstract principles and unusual materials about 1923. His glass assemblages of these formative years explored the possibilities of stained, sandblasted, and constructed arrangements. They are remarkable for their deft incorporation of such "accidental" effects as ripples and bubbles—inherent in the medium itself—into sophisticateddesigns that explored balance, translucence, and opacity.
Albers had weathered Bauhaus moves from Weimar to Dessau, and then to Berlin, remaining steadfast even after Walter Gropius and Laszlo Moholy-Nagy left in 1928. In 1933, when the Nazis forced the closing of the Berlin Bauhaus, Albers left for America where he introduced Bauhaus concepts of art and design to the newly formed experimental community of Black Mountain College in North Carolina.
After fifteen years he left Black Mountain and, in 1950, became chairman of the Department of Design at Yale. On Tideland, painted between 1947 and 1955, marks this transition and was painted concurrently with the earliest examples of his well-known series, Homage to the Square.
Albers, always a careful craftsman, was concerned that future generations understand his working methods. He often documented, on the reverse of the fiberboard panels he preferred for his paintings, the pigments, brands, varnishes, and grounds he had used in making the painting. Fascinating notations document his spatial proportions and the mathematic schemes he incorporated in each work. On Tideland, for example, was painted according to "Scheme M," in which twenty units of vertical form balance thirty units of horizontal form. Although concerned with a severely restricted format in his own work, Albers admitted other approaches: "Any form [of art] is acceptable if it is true," he stated. "And if it is true, it's ethical and aesthetic."(3)
An original member of the American Abstract Artists, Albers showed annually throughout the group's formative years.
1. Josef Albers, Concerning Fundamental Design., in Herbert Bayer, Walter Gropius, and Ise Gropius, eds., Bauhaus: 1919–1928 (Boston: Charles T Branford Co., 1959), pp.114–21.
2. Josef Albers, "A Note on the Arts inEducation," American Magazine ofArt (April 1936): 233.
3. Katharine Kuh, "Josef Albers," in The Artist's Voice: Talks with Seventeen Artists (New York: Harper and Row, 1962), p.12.
','2009-12-15 08:25:48','2009-12-15 08:25:48','Josef Albers',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1976','46',10,'Bottrop, Germany','New Haven, Connecticut','--- \n- Joseph Albers\n',NULL), (220,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:48','2009-12-15 08:25:48','Francisco Albert',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'47',10,'Pinoso, Spain',NULL,NULL,NULL), (221,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:48','2009-12-15 08:25:48','Fred Albert',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'48',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (222,'1819',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:48','2009-12-15 08:25:48','Prince Albert',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1861','49',10,'Schloss Rosenau, Germany','Windsor, England','--- \n- Albert Francis Charles Augustus Emmanuel\n- Albert, Prince Consort of Victoria, Queen of Great Britain\n',NULL), (223,'1898',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:48','2009-12-15 08:25:48','E. Dewey Albinson',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1971','50',10,'Minneapolis, Minnesota',', Mexico','--- \n- Ernest Dewey Albinson\n- Dewey Albinson\n',NULL), (224,'1919',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:48','2009-12-15 08:25:48','Evald Albrektson',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'51',10,'Orby, Sweden',NULL,'--- \n- Al Albrektson\n- Evald J. Albrektson\n',NULL), (225,'1897',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','Ivan Albright',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1983','52',10,'North Harvey, Illinois','Woodstock, Vermont','--- \n- Ivan Le Lorraine Albright\n',NULL), (226,'1910',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','Alcopley',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1992','53',10,'Dresden, Germany','New York, New York','--- \n- Alfred L. Copley\n- Alfred Lewin Copley\n- L. Alcopley\n- Lewin Alcopley\n',NULL), (227,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','Fred Alexander',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'54',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (228,'1856',NULL,'John White Alexander moved to New York at the age of eighteen and began working as an office boy at Harper's Weekly, where he was promoted to illustrator in 1875. Two years later he enrolled at the Royal Academy in Munich, and from 1879 to 1881, he traveled and studied with Frank Duveneck in Italy. Upon returning to New York, he resumed work as an illustrator and also painted portraits. From 1881 to 1889, Alexander was an instructor of drawing at Princeton University. During this period he also traveled to North Africa, England, and many other countries. In 1890 he moved to Paris, where he exhibited with the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts and was later elected a member. In 1895 he was commissioned to paint a mural for the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C. , and in 1905 he received a commission for a mural at the Carnegie Institute. Alexander was a member of many art associations and won numerous awards for his work, including the Lippincott Prize at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in 1899, the Gold Medal of Honor at the Paris Exposition Universelle in 1900, and the Medal of the First Class at the Carnegie Institute International Exhibition in 1911.
','2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-30 18:29:41','John White Alexander',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1915','55',10,'Allegheny, Pennsylvania','New York, New York','--- \n- John W. Alexander\n',NULL), (229,'1941',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','Jim Alinder',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'57',10,'Glendale, California',NULL,'--- \n- James Gilbert Alinder\n- James Alinder\n',NULL), (230,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','Allen',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'58',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (231,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','Christine Rinne Allen',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'59',10,NULL,NULL,'--- \n- Christine Hilkka Rinne\n',NULL), (232,'1888',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','Frederick Warren Allen',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1961','60',10,'North Attleboro, Massachusetts','North Haven, Maine','--- \n- Frederick W. Allen\n- Frederic Warren Allen\n',NULL), (233,'1803',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','James Baylis Allen',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1876','61',10,'Birmingham, England','London, England','--- \n- James B. Allen\n- James Baylie Allen\n',NULL), (234,'1894',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','James E. Allen',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1964','62',10,'Louisiana, Missouri','Larchmont, New York','--- \n- James Allen\n',NULL), (235,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','James Allen',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'63',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (236,'1898',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','Junius Allen',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1962','64',10,'Summit, New Jersey','New York, New York','--- \n- James Junius Allen\n',NULL), (237,'1910',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','Lee Allen',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'65',10,'Muscatine, Iowa',NULL,'--- \n- Edwin Lee Allen\n',NULL), (238,'1909',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','Walter Allner',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'66',10,'Dessau, Germany',NULL,'--- \n- Walter Heinz Allner\n- Walter H. Allner\n- Heinz Allner\n',NULL), (239,'1939',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','Patricia Allott',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'67',10,NULL,NULL,'--- \n- Patricia Allott Silbert\n',NULL), (240,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','Jan van Almeloveen',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'68',10,'Mijdrecht, Netherlands','Utrecht, Netherlands','--- \n- Jan van Almeloven\n',NULL), (241,'1937',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','Natalie Alper',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'69',10,'New York, New York',NULL,'--- \n- Natalie C. Alper\n',NULL), (242,'1905',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-30 18:29:41','Arturo Pacheco Altamirano',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1978','70',10,'Chillán, Chile','Santiago, Chile','--- \n- Arturo Pacheco Altamirano\n',NULL), (243,'1924',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','Harold Altman',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2003','71',10,'New York, New York','State College, Pennsylvania',NULL,NULL), (244,'1925',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','John Altoon',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1969','72',10,'Los Angeles, California','Los Angeles, California',NULL,NULL), (245,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','Carlo Amalfi',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'75',10,'Vico, Italy',NULL,NULL,NULL), (246,'1945',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','Jane Aman',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'76',10,'Richmond, Virginia',NULL,NULL,NULL), (247,'1860',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','Edmond Francois Aman-Jean',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1936','77',10,'Chevry-Cossigny, France','Paris, France','--- \n- Edmond Aman-Jean\n- Edmund Aman-Jean\n',NULL), (248,'1948',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','Alvin Amason',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'78',10,'Kodiak, Alaska',NULL,'--- \n- Alvin Eli Amason\n',NULL), (249,'1897',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','Edmond Amateis',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1981','79',10,'Rome, Italy',NULL,'--- \n- Edmond Romulus Amateis\n- Edmond R. Amateis\n- Edmund R. Amateis\n',NULL), (250,'1947',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','Rob Amberg',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'80',10,'Washington, ',NULL,'--- \n- Robert Amberg\n',NULL), (251,'1918',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','Irving Amen',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'81',10,'New York, New York',NULL,NULL,NULL), (252,'1906',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','Arthur Ames',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1975','83',10,'Tamaroa, Illinois','Los Angeles, California','--- \n- Arthur Forbes Ames\n',NULL), (253,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','Daniel F. Ames',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'84',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (254,'1768',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','Ezra Ames',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1836','85',10,'Framingham, Massachusetts','Albany, New York',NULL,NULL), (255,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','M. J. Amienom',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'86',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (256,'1911',NULL,'Leo Amino—born in Taiwan in 1911 where his father was an agricultural consultant for the Japanese government—was reared in Tokyo. In 1929, he immigrated to the United States and studied at San Mateo Junior College in California for two years and, later, at New York University. He remained in New York to work for a Japanese wood importing firm and took home ebony samples to carve. Although he had received no formal art training, his interest in sculpture grew rapidly and, in 1937, he studied briefly at the American Artists School with Chaim Gross, a leading proponent of direct carving.
Direct carving in wood or stone emphasizes properties of the material. The unique and distinctive patterns of veining, grain and color result in simplified sculptural forms and smooth geometrical outlines which harmonize with Amino's native sensibilities.
His work was exhibited at the 1939 World's Fair and he was given his first solo exhibition in 1940. Since then, he has shown almost continuously in commercial galleries and museums. In 1947 and 1950, he taught at the renowned Black Mountain College in North Carolina.
Amino taught at Cooper Union from 1952 until 1977 and, during that period, he continued to experiment.
','2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','Leo Amino',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1989','87',10,'Taiwan, ','New York, New York',NULL,NULL), (257,'1938',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','Emma Amos',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'88',10,'Atlanta, Georgia',NULL,'--- \n- Emma Amos Levine\n',NULL), (258,'1912',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','Harold Anchel',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1980','89',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (259,'1910',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','Mary Andersen',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1994','90',10,'Chicago, Illinois','Springville, New York','--- \n- Mary Andersen Clark\n- Mary Anderson\n- Mary Anderson Clark\n- Mary Helene Andersen Clark\n- Mary Clark\n',NULL), (260,'1775',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','Alexander Anderson',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1870','91',10,'New York, New York','Jersey City, New Jersey','--- \n- Alexander Anderson\n',NULL), (261,'1896',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','Anne Anderson',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'92',10,'Elgin, Illinois',NULL,'--- \n- Anne P. Anderson\n',NULL), (262,'1905',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','Carlos Anderson',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1978','93',10,'Midvale, Utah','Salt Lake City, Utah','--- \n- Carlos Andreson\n- Carlos J. Anderson\n',NULL), (263,'1906',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','Guy Anderson',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1998','94',10,'Edmonds, Washington','La Conner, Washington','--- \n- Guy Irving Anderson\n',NULL), (264,'1921',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','Jeremy Anderson',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1982','95',10,'Palo Alto, California','Mill Valley, California','--- \n- Jeremy Radcliffe Anderson\n- Jeremy R. Anderson\n',NULL), (265,'1874',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','Karl Anderson',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1956','96',10,'Oxford, Ohio','Westport, Connecticut',NULL,NULL), (266,'1922',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','Ruthadell Anderson',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'97',10,'San Jose, California',NULL,NULL,NULL), (267,'1884',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','Stanley Anderson',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1966','98',10,'Bristol, England','Towersey, England','--- \n- Alfred Charles Stanley Anderson\n',NULL), (268,'1903',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','Walter Anderson',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1965','99',10,'New Orleans, Louisiana','Ocean Springs, Mississippi','--- \n- Walter Inglis Anderson\n',NULL), (269,'1930',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','Benny Andrews',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2006','100',10,'Madison, Georgia','New York, New York',NULL,NULL), (270,'1835',NULL,'Born June 11, 1835, in Steubenville, Ohio. Graduated from Marietta College, Ohio. Married Emma Stewart, 1857. Studied with Lüdwig Knaus and Heinrich Mücke in Düsseldorf, 1859–63, and with Léon Bonnat in Paris, 1863. In Steubenville, 1863–76. Visited New York, 1863, and Düsseldorf and Paris, 1873. Lived in Washington, D.C., 1876–1915. Gave free instruction at the Corcoran Gallery of Art, 1877–87. Served as director and instructor of art at the Corcoran School of Art, 1887–1902. Visited Paris, 1888, 1891. Married Marietta Minnigerode, 1895. Had a studio-house on Scott Circle, and a country house, "Vaucluse," in Alexandria, Va. Died March 19, 1915, in Washington, D. C.
','2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','Eliphalet Fraser Andrews',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1915','101',10,'Steubenville, Ohio','Washington, District of Columbia','--- \n- Eliphalet F. Andrews\n',NULL), (271,'1906',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','J. Robert Andrews',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'102',10,NULL,NULL,'--- \n- Robert Andrews\n- J. Robert Andrews\n',NULL), (272,'1806',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','Joseph Andrews',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1873','103',10,'Hingham, Massachusetts','Boston, Massachusetts',NULL,NULL), (273,'1922',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','Stephen Andrews',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'104',10,'Saskatoon, Canada',NULL,NULL,NULL), (274,'1896',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','Vera Andrus',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1979','105',10,'Plymouth, Wisconsin','Rockport, Massachusetts','--- \n- Vera Eugenia Andrus\n',NULL), (275,'1899',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','Rifka Angel',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'106',10,'Kalvaria, Russia',NULL,'--- \n- Milton Douthat\n',NULL), (276,'1889',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','Emilio Angela',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1970','107',10,', Italy',', New York',NULL,NULL), (277,'1879',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','Boris Anisfeldt',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1973','108',10,'Bieltsy, Russia','Waterford, Connecticut','--- \n- Boris Israelevich Anisfeld\n- Boris Anisfeld\n- Boris Izrailevic Anisfel\'d\n',NULL), (278,'1851',NULL,'As early as 1880, Anshutz was using his photographs as preparatory studies for paintings. Like Thomas Eakins, his teacher and colleague at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Anshutz made photographs that served as compositional experiments or reminders of details of landscape or figures. As a painter committed to direct observation, Anshutz was intrigued by Eadweard Muybridge's sequential photographs of moving human figures and occasionally assisted him at the Academy.
Anshutz posed his models to capture body movements and gestures and provide outdoor compositional arrangements.
Introduced in the 1840s and easy to process, cyanotype were originally used by mapmakers and scientists. In the late nineteenth century the cyanotype found renewed interest among artists and amateur photographers.
','2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','Thomas Anshutz',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1912','109',10,'Newport, Kentucky','Fort Washington, Pennsylvania','--- \n- Thomas Pollock Anshutz\n- Thomas P. Anshutz\n',NULL), (279,'1934',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:49','2009-12-15 08:25:49','William Anthony',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'110',10,'Fort Monmouth, New Jersey',NULL,'--- \n- William Graham Anthony\n',NULL), (280,'1926',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','Stephen Antonakos',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'111',10,'Hagios Nikolaos, Greece',NULL,'--- \n- Stephanos Antonakos\n',NULL), (281,'1931',NULL,'A former railroad worker, this Navajo artist also spent years herding sheep and goats in northern New Mexico's thinly populated Bisti region. He was in his early fifties when he began carving small sculptures from the local cottonwood. By carving secular human figures, he consciously violated a Navajo taboo, but his need to portray the Native American society in which he spent his life proved stronger than tradition.
','2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','Johnson Antonio',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'112',10,'Lake Valley, New Mexico',NULL,NULL,NULL), (282,'1922',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','Garo Antreasian',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'113',10,'Indianapolis, Indiana',NULL,'--- \n- Garo Zareh Antreasian\n- Garo Z. Antreasian\n',NULL), (283,'1930',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','Richard Anuszkiewicz',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'114',10,'Erie, Pennsylvania',NULL,'--- \n- Richard Joseph Anuszkiewicz\n',NULL), (284,'1942',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','Joe Reyes Apodaca',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'115',10,'Tucson, Arizona',NULL,'--- \n- Joe Apodaca\n- Joe Reyes Apodaca\n',NULL), (285,'1921',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','Karel Appel',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2006','116',10,'Amsterdam, Netherlands','Zurich, Switzerland','--- \n- Christian Karel Appel\n- Christiaan Karel Appel\n',NULL), (286,'1913',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','Marianne Appel',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'117',10,'New York, New York',NULL,'--- \n- Austin Mecklem\n- M. A. Mecklem\n- Marianne Mecklem\n',NULL), (287,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','J. W. Appleton',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'120',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (288,'1650',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','Pietro Aquila',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1692','121',10,'Marsala, Italy','Alcamo, Italy',NULL,NULL), (289,'1936',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','Arakawa',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'122',10,'Nagoya, Japan',NULL,'--- \n- Shusaku Arakawa\n',NULL), (290,'1945',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','Dino Aranda',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'123',10,'Managua, Nicaragua',NULL,NULL,NULL), (291,'1923',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','Diane Arbus',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1971','124',10,'New York, New York','New York, New York','--- \n- Diane Nemerov\n',NULL), (292,'1856',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','Anna Margaretta Archambault',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1956','125',10,'Philadelphia, Pennsylvania','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania','--- \n- A. Margaretta Archambault\n',NULL), (293,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','J. Archer',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'126',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (294,'1905',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','Robert P. Archer',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'127',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (295,'1887',NULL,'Alexander Archipenko was a sculptor who was born in the Ukraine. After working in Paris, Archipenko moved to the U.S. and became a citizen in 1928. An important influence on sculpture in this country and abroad, Archipenko experimented with simplified forms, spaces enclosed within the sculpture, concave shapes as counterpoints to convex and concave planes, and polychromy. He taught at several universities and had his own sculpture schools in Chicago and New York.
','2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','Alexander Archipenko',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1964','128',10,'Kiev, Russia','New York, New York','--- \n- Aleksandr Porfirevic Archipenko\n',NULL), (296,'1910',NULL,'Felipe Archuleta makes his sculptures out of wood and other materials he finds himself or obtains from his neighbors. He uses carpenter's tools to fashion the various parts of each work, and nails and glue to assemble them. He smoothes the joins with a mixture of sawdust and glue, which also builds up the surfaces.
Archuleta's first sculptures depicted those animals he knew best—sheep, rabbits, burros, and cats. He soon began to make larger, sometimes life-size, animal sculptures, expanding his repertoire to include giraffes, elephants, monkeys, and others based on pictures he found in children's books and natural history magazines. Archuleta generally emphasizes the ferocious nature of the animals he portrays by providing them with irregularly carved teeth, wide-eyed stares, and exaggerated snouts and genitals.
Felipe Archuleta, who has spent most of his life in Tesuque, New Mexico, worked as a carpenter for over thirty years. In 1967, unable to find work, he prayed to God to alleviate his poverty and desperation. His subsequent religious awakening led to his work as a carver of animals, for which he has been justly celebrated.
','2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','Felipe Archuleta',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1991','129',10,'Santa Cruz, New Mexico','Tesuque, New Mexico','--- \n- Felipe Benito Archuleta\n- Felipe B. Archuleta\n- Filipe B. Archuleta\n',NULL), (297,'1907',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','Luis Arenal',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'130',10,'Mexico City, Mexico',NULL,NULL,NULL), (298,'1935',NULL,'Born in Detroit, Michigan, 1935. Currently lives in Flagstaff, Arizona, where he is an instructor in photography at Northern Arizona University. An exhibition featuring Arentz's work was organized by the Huntington Museum of Art, Huntington, West Virginia, in 1990. His book Four Corners Country was published in 1986.
','2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','Dick Arentz',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'131',10,'Detroit, Michigan',NULL,NULL,NULL), (299,'1938',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','Marshall Arisman',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'132',10,'Jamestown, New York',NULL,NULL,NULL), (300,'1896',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','Ruth Armer',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1977','133',10,'San Francisco, California',NULL,NULL,NULL), (301,'1883',NULL,'Born in Romania. Immigrated to the United States at age twenty-two. Painter known for his use of vibrant color and brushwork.
','2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','Emil Armin',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1971','134',10,'Radautz, Austria-Hungary','Chicago, Illinois',NULL,NULL), (302,'1887',NULL,'Graphic artist, first trained as an architect. He is best known for his etchings of medieval French architecture, which are characterized by attention to intricate detail.
','2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','John Taylor Arms',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1953','135',10,'Washington, District of Columbia','New York, New York',NULL,NULL), (303,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','Anna Armstrong',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'136',10,NULL,NULL,'--- \n- S. G. Armstrong\n',NULL), (304,'1935',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','Frank Armstrong',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'137',10,'Henderson, Texas',NULL,NULL,NULL), (305,'1802',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','James Charles Armytage',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1897','138',10,'London, England',NULL,'--- \n- J. C. Armytage\n',NULL), (306,'1924',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','Francois Arnal',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'139',10,'La Valette, France',NULL,NULL,NULL), (307,'1930',NULL,'Feeling Pushed captures Robert Arneson at an especially stressful moment in his life. Two years earlier, he had been diagnosed with cancer, possibly caused by the chemicals contained in his art materials. He underwent surgery and was required to return to the hospital numerous times. Despite this serious threat to his health, Arneson injects humor into his self-portrait, even vulgarity. His face seems to be pushed up against a piece of transparent glass that flattens his nose into a piggish snout, while his wild hair and wrinkled features expresss the tension and anxiety that characterize his state of mind. The artist appears like a specimen prepared for a microscopic examination. Areneson frequently turned to self-portraiture as a means to examine his relationship with the world, expressing serious thought and difficult emotional content through the filter of a humorous mask.
','2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','Robert Arneson',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1992','140',10,'Benicia, California','Benicia, California','--- \n- Robert Carston Arneson\n- Robert C. Arneson\n',NULL), (308,'1917',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','Bernard Arnest',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'141',10,'Denver, Colorado',NULL,'--- \n- Bernard Patrick Arnest\n',NULL), (309,'1898',NULL,'Arning, like many self-taught artists, used magazine advertisements and illustrations as models or inspiration for his work. Nonetheless his work is highly individual; the link with the original source is often difficult to discern. Most of the print sources for Arning's drawings have been saved. Institutionalized for most of his adult life, Arning was introduced to drawing in 1964 by a hospital worker who supplied him with materials. Arning's medium from 1964 to 1969 was Crayolas. In 1969, he switched to oil pastels, or "Cray-pas." Regardless of his media, Arning always worked in the same manner, covering the entire surface of the paper with dense strokes of color. He stopped drawing in 1974; a year after leaving his nursing home.
','2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','Eddie Arning',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1993','142',10,'Germania, Texas','McGregor, Texas','--- \n- Carl Wilhelm Edward Arning\n',NULL), (310,'1904',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','Grant Arnold',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1988','143',10,'New York, New York','Oswego, New York','--- \n- Arnold Grant Arnold\n- A. Grant Arnold\n',NULL), (311,'1880',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','Sallie Curb Arnold',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1982','144',10,', Alabama','Annandale, Virginia','--- \n- Sallie Curb\n- Sallie McAllister Curb Arnold\n',NULL), (312,'1923',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','David Aronson',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'146',10,'Shilova, Lithuania',NULL,NULL,NULL), (313,'1918',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','Irene Aronson',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'147',10,'Dresden, Germany',NULL,'--- \n- Irene Anderson\n- Irene Hilde Aronson\n- Irene H. Aronson\n',NULL), (314,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','Arroyo Hondo Painter',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'148',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (315,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','A. Arrunategin',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'149',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (316,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','Spencer Asah',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1954','150',10,'Carnegie, Oklahoma','Norman, Oklahoma','--- \n- Lallo\n- Little Boy\n',NULL), (317,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','Carlo Ascenzi',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'151',10,NULL,NULL,'--- \n- Carlo Assenzi\n- Carlo Ascensi\n',NULL), (318,'1900',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','Mary Ascher',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1988','152',10,'Leeds, England','New York, New York','--- \n- Mary G. Ascher\n- Mary Goldman Ascher\n- David Ascher\n',NULL), (319,'1943',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','Ascian',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'153',10,NULL,NULL,'--- \n- Jonathan Grant Meader\n- Jonathan Meader\n',NULL), (320,'1904',NULL,'"I wake up with an idea that won't let me get back to sleep. So I get up and make that idea." Steve Ashby converted most of his ideas into objects in the early 1960s after his wife had died and he retired from his years of work as a farm hand and gardener. Ashby's favorite subjects were figures and animals, often inspired by the agrarian activities of Fauquier County, Virginia, where his ancestors had been slaves. Some of his figures were wind-activated to perform various activities that ranged from the domestic to the pornographic. Others include parts that move when handled.
','2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','Steve Ashby',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1980','154',10,'Delaplane, Virginia','Delaplane, Virginia',NULL,NULL), (321,'1921',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','Lila Oliver Asher',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'155',10,'Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',NULL,'--- \n- Lila Asher\n',NULL), (322,'1909',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','Ruth Spencer Aspden',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'156',10,NULL,NULL,'--- \n- Ruth Aspden\n- Ruth Spencer Aspden\n- Rutter\n',NULL), (323,'1895',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','Joseph Anthony Atchison',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1967','157',10,'Washington, District of Columbia','Washington, District of Columbia','--- \n- Joseph A. Atchison\n',NULL), (324,'1900',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','John Atherton',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1952','158',10,'Brainerd, Minnesota',', Canada','--- \n- John Carlton Atherton\n- John C. Atherton\n',NULL), (325,'1938',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','Dotty Attie',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'159',10,'Pennsauken, New Jersey',NULL,'--- \n- Dorothy Attie\n',NULL), (326,'1875',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','Atl, Dr.',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1964','160',10,'Guadalajara, Mexico',NULL,'--- \n- Gerardo Murillo\n- Jose Gerardo Francisco Murillo Cornado\n',NULL), (327,'1892',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','Robert Atwood',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1970','161',10,'Orange, New Jersey','Kingsport, Tennessee',NULL,NULL), (328,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','Lewis Aubineau',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'162',10,NULL,NULL,'--- \n- Louis Aubineau\n- Lewis Obeno\n',NULL), (329,'1866',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','Jean-Francis Auburtin',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1930','163',10,'Paris, France','Varangeville, France','--- \n- J. Francis Auburtin\n- Francis Auburtin\n- Jean Francois Auburtin\n',NULL), (330,'1906',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','James Auchiah',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1974','164',10,'Medicine Park, Oklahoma','Carnegie, Oklahoma',NULL,NULL), (331,'1766',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:50','2009-12-15 08:25:50','Philip Audinet',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1837','165',10,'London, England','London, England','--- \n- Philipp Audinet\n- Philippe Audinet\n- Phillip Audinet\n',NULL), (332,'1661',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:51','2009-12-15 08:25:51','Benoit Audran I',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1721','166',10,'Lyons, France','Ouzouer, France','--- \n- Benoit Audran, the Elder\n- Benoit Audran\n',NULL), (333,'1785',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:51','2009-12-15 08:25:51','John James Audubon',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1851','168',10,'Les Cayes, Haiti','New York, New York','--- \n- Jean Rabine\n',NULL), (334,'1889',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:51','2009-12-15 08:25:51','William Auerbach-Levy',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1964','169',10,'Brest-Litovsk, Russia','Ossining, New York','--- \n- Levy William Auerbach\n- William Auerbach\n',NULL), (335,'1891',NULL,'Ault was brought up in England and came late to an appreciation of his American origins. After training at University College School in London, the Slade School, and St. John's Wood School of Art, his painting style was described as an Anglicized version of impressionism. But when he returned to America in 1911 he began to paint New York night scenes and architectural subjects in a spare, modernist style. This caused his father, an academic painter, to stop supporting him. In the 1920s, on vacation in Provincetown, he painted the local scenery in oils and watercolors. These works were shown at a local gallery and in New York. In the early 1930s he worked on New Deal art projects, gradually severing most of his ties with the art market. He moved to Woodstock, New York, in 1937, but avoided life in the art colony there. A nearby barn, which he painted three times, was a favorite subject, symbolizing for hire a dying, agrarian way of life in the Catskills. In this sense his work echoed, from his own modernist viewpoint, the preservationist themes of many New England artists. Ault's life, plagued by illness, depression, and poverty, ended with his suicide in 1948.
','2009-12-15 08:25:51','2009-12-15 08:25:51','George Ault',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1948','171',10,'Cleveland, Ohio','Woodstock, New York','--- \n- George Copeland Ault\n- George C. Ault\n',NULL), (336,'1926',NULL,'Autio received a BA from Montana State University, an MFA from Washington State University, and a D.F.A. from the Maryland Institute of Art. From 1952 to 1956, he worked at the Archie Bray Foundation in Montana with Peter Voulkos and was greatly influenced by Voulkos's abandonment of traditional pottery for more expressive work. Autio gained a national reputation by applying Abstract Expressionist concepts to utilitarian ceramic objects. He currently works with welded steel sculpture.
','2009-12-15 08:25:51','2009-12-15 08:25:51','Rudy Autio',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2007','172',10,'Butte, Montana','Missoula, Montana','--- \n- A. Rudy Autio\n- Arne Rudolph Autio\n',NULL), (337,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:51','2009-12-15 08:25:51','Ava Cheeth',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'173',10,NULL,NULL,'--- \n- White Arrow\n',NULL), (338,'1921',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:51','2009-12-15 08:25:51','Mario Avati',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'174',10,', Monaco',NULL,NULL,NULL), (339,'1936',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:51','2009-12-15 08:25:51','Edward Avedisian',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2007','175',10,'Lowell, Massachusetts','Philmont, New York','--- \n- Edward A. Avedisian\n',NULL), (340,'1885',NULL,'Born in Sand Bank, New York, Milton Avery moved to Hartford, Connecticut, with his family in 1898. He held many jobs, working as an assembler, latheman, and mechanic before enrolling in a lettering class at the Connecticut League of Art Students in Hartford in 1905. Charles Noel Flagg, the school's director, persuaded Avery to transfer to a life-drawing class, which launched his career in fine arts. In 1918 Avery transferred to the School of Art at the Society of Hartford and exhibited his work while also holding down a variety of jobs, among them clerk and construction worker. In 1924 he became a member of the Connecticut Academy of Fine Arts and a year later moved to New Jersey. From 1926 to 1938, he attended sketch classes at the Art Students League in New York, where he became a friend of Adolph Gottlieb, Mark Rothko, and Barnett Newman. In 1938 Avery worked as an artist in the Easel Division of the WPA Federal Art Project. About 1949, Avery began to experiment with monotypes. In 1952 he visited Europe and began working in woodcut. By 1957, his paintings had become much larger in scale. Among the many places that exhibited Avery?s work were the Phillips Memorial Gallery, the Art Institute of Chicago, and the Durand-Ruel Galleries in New York.
','2009-12-15 08:25:51','2009-12-30 18:29:43','Milton Avery',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1965','176',10,'Sand Bank, New York','New York, New York','--- \n- Milton Clark Avery\n',NULL), (341,'1884',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:51','2009-12-15 08:25:51','Andrey Avinoff',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1949','177',10,'Tulchin, Russia','New York, New York','--- \n- Andrey Avinoff\n- Andrew N. Avinoff\n',NULL), (342,'1744',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:51','2009-12-15 08:25:51','Jean Jacques Avril, the Elder',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1831','178',10,'Paris, France','Paris, France',NULL,NULL), (343,'1871',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:51','2009-12-15 08:25:51','Marius Joseph Avy',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1939','179',10,'Marseille, France',NULL,'--- \n- Joseph Marius Avy\n- Joseph Marius Jean Avy\n',NULL), (344,NULL,NULL,'Awa Tsireh, also known as Alfonso Roybal, was one of the first Pueblo painters to receive recognition by the Santa Fe art community. After seeing several examples of Awa Tsireh's work for sale in a souvenir shop in 1917, Alice Corbin Henderson sought out the artist and through him developed a great respect for his work and that of his peers. Awa Tsireh's success at selling his paintings, although few were sold for more than a dollar, encouraged other Pueblo artists to adapt their painting and design skills to the medium of watercolor paint on paper. In the 1920s, Awa Tsireh received sponsorship from the School of American Research, then a branch of the Museum of New Mexico, to devote his full time to painting. He was given studio space in the museum along with Fred Kabotie, a Hopi artist, and Velino Shije Herrera of Zia.
','2009-12-15 08:25:51','2009-12-30 18:29:43','Awa Tsireh',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'180',10,'San Ildefonso Pueblo, New Mexico','San Ildefonso Pueblo, New Mexico','--- \n- Alfonso Roybal\n- Cattail Bird\n',NULL), (345,'1927',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:51','2009-12-15 08:25:51','Rudy Ayoroa',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2003','181',10,'La Paz, Bolivia','Danville, Kentucky','--- \n- Rodolfo E. Ayoroa\n- Rudy Aroyoa\n- Rudy Ayora\n',NULL), (346,'1928',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:51','2009-12-15 08:25:51','Norio Azuma',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'182',10,'Kii-Nagashima-cho, Japan',NULL,NULL,NULL), (347,'1928',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:51','2009-12-15 08:25:51','Alice Baber',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1982','183',10,'Charleston, Illinois','New York, New York',NULL,NULL), (348,'1949',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:51','2009-12-15 08:25:51','Lawrence Babis',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'184',10,'New York, New York',NULL,'--- \n- Larry Babis\n',NULL), (349,'1893',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:51','2009-12-15 08:25:51','Martha Moffett Bache',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1983','185',10,'Flint, Michigan','Washington, District of Columbia','--- \n- Martha Moffett\n- Martha Moffett Bache\n- Martha Bache\n',NULL), (350,'1771',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:51','2009-12-15 08:25:51','William Bache',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1845','186',10,'Broomsgrove, England','Wellsboro, Pennsylvania','--- \n- William Bache, Sr.\n',NULL), (351,'1856',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:51','2009-12-15 08:25:51','Otto H. Bacher',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1909','187',10,'Cleveland, Ohio','Bronxville, New York','--- \n- Otto Henry Bacher\n- Otto Bacher\n',NULL), (352,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:51','2009-12-15 08:25:51','Clayton J. Bachet',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'188',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (353,'1903',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:51','2009-12-15 08:25:51','Max Bachofen',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1987','189',10,'Neubrunen, Switzerland','Buda, Texas','--- \n- Max Albin Bachofen\n- Max A. Bachhofen\n',NULL), (354,'1631',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:51','2009-12-15 08:25:51','Ludolf Backhuysen',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1708','190',10,'Emden, Germany','Amsterdam, Netherlands','--- \n- Ludwick Backhmysen\n- Ludolf Backhmysen\n- Ludolf Bakhuyzen\n- Ludolf Backhuizen\n- Ludolf Backhuijzen\n- Ludolf Bakhuizen\n',NULL), (355,'1934',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:51','2009-12-15 08:25:51','Jay Backstrand',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'191',10,'Salem, Oregon',NULL,'--- \n- Jay Hough Backstrand\n',NULL), (356,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:51','2009-12-15 08:25:51','Bacon',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'192',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (357,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:51','2009-12-15 08:25:51','F. Bacon',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'193',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (358,'1839',NULL,'Growing up in Haverhill, Massachusetts, Bacon witnessed first-hand the changes wrought by industrialization and urbanization on the New England landscape. First settled in 1640, Haverhill was one of the oldest towns in the Commonwealth. By the time of the Civil War, however, it was a center of the shoe-making industry in America and well on its way to becoming a mill city. From this urban environment Bacon marched off to fight with the Thirteenth Massachusetts Infantry. After his army service, Bacon traveled to Paris to study painting at the École des Beaux Arts. Unlike his peers, however, who returned to the states after an encounter with impressionism, Bacon remained abroad for the majority of his career, painting conservative historical genre scenes and pictures of the exotic Middle East. Dissimilar in subject matter, Bacon's paintings share a moralizing tone and a pervasive nostalgia for a primitive, pre-industrial past. Bacon's American subjects proved to be highly popular and his magnum opus, The Boston Boys and General Gage, 1775, was exhibited in Memorial Hall at the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia.
','2009-12-15 08:25:51','2009-12-15 08:25:51','Henry Bacon',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1912','194',10,'Haverhill, Massachusetts','Cairo, Egypt',NULL,NULL), (359,'1895',NULL,'Painter, portrait painter, caricaturist, illustrator, lithographer, writer, art educator. Peggy Bacon studied with John Sloan and Kenneth Hayes Miller. Her sharp wit was evident in her contributions to the New Yorker and Vanity Fair as well as in the more than 60 books she illustrated, including several publications of her own short stories and poetry.
','2009-12-15 08:25:51','2009-12-15 08:25:51','Peggy Bacon',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1987','195',10,'Ridgefield, Connecticut','Kennebunk, Maine','--- \n- Margaret Frances Bacon\n- Alexander Brook\n',NULL), (360,'1913',NULL,'Although his talent was evident in childhood drawings, circumstances prevented Andrea Badami from pursuing his artistic inclinations until later in life. When he was a child, Badami and his parents returned to their native Corleone, Sicily; as a young man, he was unwillingly conscripted into Mussolini's army despite his American citizenship and was taken prisoner by the British. Upon his release in 1947, Badamireturned to the United States, and within two years was able to send for his wife and young daughter in Sicily. His need to support a growing family postponed an artistic career until the 1960s.
By the early 1970s, Badami's work had been recognized in shows at Creighton University in Omaha, and in an exhibition of contemporary primitive painters circulated by the American Federation of Arts.
','2009-12-15 08:25:51','2009-12-15 08:25:51','Andrea Badami',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2002','196',10,'Omaha, Nebraska','Tucson, Arizona',NULL,NULL), (361,'1906',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:51','2009-12-15 08:25:51','Howard Baer',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1986','197',10,'Finleyville, Pennsylvania','New York, New York',NULL,NULL), (362,'1860',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:51','2009-12-15 08:25:51','William Jacob Baer',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1941','198',10,'Cincinnati, Ohio',NULL,'--- \n- William J. Baer\n- W. J. Baer\n',NULL), (363,'1888',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:51','2009-12-15 08:25:51','William Bagdatopoulos',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1965','200',10,'Zante, Greece',', ','--- \n- William Spencer Bagdatopolous\n- W. S. Bagdatopoulos\n- William Spencer Bagdatopoulos\n',NULL), (364,'1862',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:51','2009-12-15 08:25:51','Joseph Bail',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1921','201',10,'Limonest, France','Paris, France','--- \n- Joseph-Claude Bail\n',NULL), (365,'1900',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:51','2009-12-15 08:25:51','Carroll N. Bailey',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'202',10,NULL,NULL,'--- \n- Carroll Bailey\n',NULL), (366,'1923',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:51','2009-12-15 08:25:51','Robert L. Bailey',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'203',10,'Hutchinson, Kansas',NULL,NULL,NULL), (367,'1930',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:51','2009-12-15 08:25:51','William Bailey',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'204',10,'Council Bluffs, Iowa',NULL,NULL,NULL), (368,'1825',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:51','2009-12-15 08:25:51','Joseph Alexis Bailly',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1883','205',10,'Paris, France','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania','--- \n- Joseph A. Bailly\n- Joseph Alexander Bailly\n',NULL), (369,'1889',NULL,'Saul Baizerman was awarded a scholarship to the Imperial Art School in Odessa on the strength of his first work in clay. In 1910 he immigrated to the United States, locating briefly in Boston before settling permanently in New York City. There he studied art at the National Academy of Design and subsequently enrolled at the Beaux-Arts Institute of Design as its first sculpture student. In 1920 Baizerman won a public competition to create a Civil Liberty monument for Grant's Tomb in New York but rejected the coveted commission to pursue the possibilities of hammered metal, a technique he discovered while working on small cast bronzes. Intrigued by the transitory effects of light and shadow on hammered metal surfaces, Baizerman executed "City and the People," his first series using the technique in hammered bronze. By 1921 he had started to work in hammered copper, which remained his preferred medium.
During the twenties Baizerman traveled frequently to Europe, lured by the need to prepare for a 1924 solo exhibition in London, as well as by the artistic and architectural treasures of France, Russia, and Italy. In 1931, however, the loss of almost all his art in a fire that demolished his studio effectively put an end to Baizerman's transatlantic journeys. Two years later, salvaging what he could from the ruins of his workshop, the artist presented his first American solo exhibition, featuring small bronzes from the twenties, at New York's Eighth Street Gallery. From 1934 to 1940 he conducted sculpture, drawing, and anatomy classes at his own art institute, the Baizerman Art School. After 1940, although he continued to teach at the American Artists School and the University of Southern California, Baizerman's energy primarily was directed to his own work.
','2009-12-15 08:25:51','2009-12-15 08:25:51','Saul Baizerman',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1957','206',10,'Vitebsk, Russia','New York, New York','--- \n- Saul L. Baizerman\n',NULL), (370,'1881',NULL,'Bryant Baker studied in London at the City and Guild Technical Institute and the Royal Academy of Arts. His decorative carvings and sculpture were installed at Westminster Abbey and other cathedrals. In 1916 he moved to the United States and served in the army, working to rehabilitate American veterans from World War I by modeling artificial limbs. Baker won commissions for busts of five presidents, including John F. Kennedy. He also made bronze and marble statues of other political figures such as Abraham Lincoln and Henry Cabot Lodge. He was a Fellow of the National Sculpture Society, the Royal Society of British Sculptors, and a life member of St. George's Society.
','2009-12-15 08:25:51','2009-12-15 08:25:51','Bryant Baker',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1970','207',10,'London, England','New York, New York','--- \n- Percy Bryant Baker\n',NULL), (371,'1889',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:51','2009-12-15 08:25:51','Ernest Hamlin Baker',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1975','209',10,'Essex, New York',NULL,NULL,NULL), (372,'1871',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:51','2009-12-15 08:25:51','Martha Susan Baker',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1911','210',10,'Evansville, Indiana','Chicago, Illinois','--- \n- Martha S. Baker\n',NULL), (373,'1886',NULL,'Born in London, Robert Peter Baker came from a family of sculptors and carvers. At age ten he began studying at the Lambeth School of Art and continued at the City and Guilds Technical Institute; this was followed by five years at the Royal Academy of Arts. At twenty-one he was working for sculptor Adrian Jones on the architectural sculpture for the top of the memorial arch to Inigo Jones in Hyde Park. His ability to model portraits and the figure won him a medal at the Royal Academy in 1911. A pacifist, he came to America to avoid military service at the outbreak of World War I and remained the rest of his life. Initially he established a studio in Boston, where he hired as an assistant young Donald De Lue and supported himself through portraits and commissions for architectural sculpture. Baker's main interest, however, was figurative sculpture of imaginative subjects in a romantic, symbolist vein similar to the work of the French sculptor Auguste Rodin. During the 1920s he worked in Paris and New York City, then moved in 1929 to Woods Hole, Massachusetts, where he died in 1940.
','2009-12-15 08:25:51','2009-12-15 08:25:51','Robert P. Baker',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1940','211',10,'London, England','Hyannis, Massachusetts',NULL,NULL), (374,'1882',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:51','2009-12-15 08:25:51','Samuel Burtis Baker',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1967','212',10,'Boston, Massachusetts','Washington, District of Columbia','--- \n- S. B. Baker\n- Samuel B. Baker\n- S. Burtis Baker\n- Burtis Baker\n- Samuel Baker\n',NULL), (375,'1907',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:51','2009-12-15 08:25:51','Thomas S. Baker',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'213',10,'Manchester, Massachusetts',NULL,NULL,NULL), (376,'1928',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:51','2009-12-15 08:25:51','Harold Balazs',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'214',10,'Westlake, Ohio',NULL,NULL,NULL), (377,'1889',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:51','2009-12-15 08:25:51','Cyrus LeRoy Baldridge',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1977','215',10,'Alton, New York','Santa Fe, New Mexico','--- \n- C. LeRoy Baldridge\n- Cyrus L. Baldridge\n- Cyrus Leroy Baldridge\n- Cyrus Le Roy Baldridge\n',NULL), (378,'1907',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:51','2009-12-15 08:25:51','Frances Baldwin',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'216',10,'San Francisco, California',NULL,NULL,NULL), (379,'1922',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:51','2009-12-15 08:25:51','John Baldwin',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1987','217',10,'New York, New York',NULL,NULL,NULL), (380,'1819',NULL,'Ball rose to prominence as the growing United States sought to commemorate its civic heroes in public spaces as well as in the home. Although he is best known for his larger-than-life equestrian statue of George Washington in the Boston Public Garden, Ball was also one of the first American sculptors to patent and cast in bronze affordable domestic statuary. He made a career of portraying statesmen and historical figures, rendered in a naturalistic style somewhere between the inexpensive, moralizing sculpture groups cast in plaster by John Rogers and the high-style neoclassical marbles of Thomas Crawford and Hiram Powers. Ball was born in Charlestown, Massachusetts. The son of a house and sign painter, he served a brief apprenticeship with the Boston engraver Abel Brown before opening his own studio as a miniaturist and portrait painter. Soon after, Ball gave up his easel, distracted by a romantic disappointment and, according to legend, transferred his attention to a lump of clay. He found his calling and relocated to Italy. Although Ball made periodic trips back to the states, and his work was included in such major exhibitions as the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, he remained an expatriate until 1897, when he moved to Montclair, New Jersey.
','2009-12-15 08:25:51','2009-12-15 08:25:51','Thomas Ball',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1911','218',10,'Charlestown, Massachusetts','Montclair, New Jersey',NULL,NULL), (381,'1909',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:51','2009-12-15 08:25:51','John R. Ballator',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1967','219',10,'Portland, Oregon','Roanoke, Virginia',NULL,NULL), (382,'1881',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:52','2009-12-15 08:25:52','Grace M. Ballentine',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1978','220',10,'Newburgh, New York',NULL,'--- \n- Grace May Terwilliger\n- Grace May Ballentine\n- Grace Ballentine\n- Grace Ballentine\n',NULL), (383,'1879',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:52','2009-12-15 08:25:52','Hugo Ballin',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1956','221',10,'New York, New York','Santa Monica, California',NULL,NULL), (384,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:52','2009-12-15 08:25:52','Leah Balsham',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'222',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (385,'1945',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:52','2009-12-15 08:25:52','Lewis Baltz',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'223',10,'Newport Beach, California',NULL,NULL,NULL), (386,'1926',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:52','2009-12-15 08:25:52','James E. Bama',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'224',10,'New York, New York',NULL,'--- \n- James Elliott Bama\n- James Bama\n',NULL), (387,'1934',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:52','2009-12-15 08:25:52','Walter Darby Bannard',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'225',10,'New Haven, Connecticut',NULL,'--- \n- Darby Bannard\n- W. Darby Bannard\n',NULL), (388,'1828',NULL,'Bannister created a sensation when one of his paintings won first prize at the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition in 1876. He was also a respected and knowledgeable art critic.
','2009-12-15 08:25:52','2009-12-30 18:29:44','Edward Mitchell Bannister',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1901','226',10,'St. Andrews, Canada','Providence, Rhode Island','--- \n- Edward M. Bannister\n- E. M. Bannister\n',NULL), (389,'1933',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:52','2009-12-15 08:25:52','Steven Barbash',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'227',10,'New York, New York',NULL,NULL,NULL), (390,'1818',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:52','2009-12-15 08:25:52','William Randolph Barbee',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1868','228',10,'Luray, Virginia','Luray, Virginia','--- \n- William R. Barbee\n',NULL), (391,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:52','2009-12-15 08:25:52','C. B. Barber',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'229',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (392,'1898',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:52','2009-12-15 08:25:52','John Barber',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1965','230',10,'Galati, Romania','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',NULL,NULL), (393,'1846',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:52','2009-12-15 08:25:52','J. Edward Barclay',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1903','232',10,'London, England','Edinburgh, Scotland','--- \n- James Edward Barclay\n- Edward Barclay\n',NULL), (394,'1815',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:52','2009-12-15 08:25:52','James Bard',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1897','233',10,'New York, New York','White Plains, New York',NULL,NULL), (395,'1912',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:52','2009-12-15 08:25:52','Philip Bard',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1966','234',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (396,NULL,NULL,'Patrocinio Barela started out as a carver of bultos (religious sculptures), depicting traditional figures of saints, but later focused on subjects that were more expressive of his everyday experiences and feelings. Barela, who spent most of his life as a wood carver in Taos, New Mexico, worked from 1936 to 1943 under the auspices of the Works Progress Administration's Federal Art Project.
','2009-12-15 08:25:52','2009-12-30 18:29:44','Patrocino Barela',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1964','235',10,'Bisbee, Arizona','Cañon, New Mexico','--- \n- Patrocinio Barela\n- \"Patroci\\xC3\\xB1o Barela\"\n',NULL), (397,'1891',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:52','2009-12-15 08:25:52','Xavier J. Barile',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1981','236',10,'Tufo, Italy',', ',NULL,NULL), (398,'1874',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:52','2009-12-15 08:25:52','Albert W. Barker',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1947','237',10,'Chicago, Illinois','Moylan, Pennsylvania','--- \n- Albert Winslow Barker\n- Albert W. Barker\n',NULL), (399,'1769',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:52','2009-12-15 08:25:52','Thomas Barker',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1847','238',10,'Pontypool, England','Bath, England','--- \n- Thomas Barker of Bath\n',NULL), (400,'1908',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:52','2009-12-15 08:25:52','Lou Barlow',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'239',10,'New York, New York',NULL,'--- \n- Louis Breslow\n- Lou Breslow\n',NULL), (401,'1863',NULL,'One of the most original sculptors of his day, he gained prominence at the Paris Salon in 1894 with Struggle of the Two Natures. His vast collection of medieval sculpture eventually formed the core of the collection of the Cloisters in New York City.
','2009-12-15 08:25:52','2009-12-30 18:29:45','George Grey Barnard',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1938','240',10,'Bellefonte, Pennsylvania','New York, New York','--- \n- George Gray Barnard\n- George G. Barnard\n',NULL), (402,'1819',NULL,'A well-known daguerrean artist in Oswego, New York, George N. Barnard had opened a photography studio in Syracuse by 1854. He subsequently became affiliated with Mathew Brady's gallery in Washington, D.C., and photographed Lincoln's inauguration in 1861. As an official Union Army photographer during the Civil War, he was given two mules, a covered wagon, and an African-American driver to follow several military campaigns, most notably General William Tecumseh' Sherman's famous march in 1864 from Chattanooga to Atlanta. His reminisces of General Sherman, Ulysses S. Grant, and Joseph Hooker made interesting reading for patrons of Harper's Weekly, Leslie's, and other contemporary periodicals and were illustrated by line engravings of his photographs. Prompted by the success of Alexander Gardener's Photographic Sketchbook of the War, Barnard published Photographic Views of Sherman's Campaign in 1866. Including sixty-one photographs, a small volume of historical text, and several official campaign maps, the album weighed twenty pounds and sold for one hundred dollars.
Barnard made at least three photographs of the area around New Hope, Georgia, after the week-long battle in May 1864 between General Joseph Johnston's southern forces and Sherman's troops. He often focused on broken trees and ravaged ground, as well as other melancholy views, such as the Jones Memorial on the grounds of Bonaventure Plantation near Savannah. Barnard's album presents a complex symbolic picture of the appalling looses suffered in this national conflict.
','2009-12-15 08:25:52','2009-12-15 08:25:52','George N. Barnard',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1902','241',10,'Coventry, Connecticut','Cedarville, New York','--- \n- G. N. Barnard\n- George Barnard\n',NULL), (403,'1915',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:52','2009-12-15 08:25:52','Charles E. Barnes',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'242',10,'Chicago, Illinois',NULL,NULL,NULL), (404,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:52','2009-12-15 08:25:52','Elizabeth A. Barnes',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'243',10,NULL,NULL,'--- \n- Elizabeth Barnes\n',NULL), (405,'1934',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:52','2009-12-15 08:25:52','Robert Barnes',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'244',10,'Washington, District of Columbia',NULL,'--- \n- Robert M. Barnes\n',NULL), (406,'1911',NULL,'Painter and printmaker, teacher at the Art Students League. Barnet's images of women and domestic scenes, distinctive in their emphasis on flat painting surfaces, are meditative in tone.
','2009-12-15 08:25:52','2009-12-30 18:29:45','Will Barnet',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'245',10,'Beverly, Massachusetts',NULL,NULL,NULL), (407,'1910',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:52','2009-12-15 08:25:52','Herbert Barnett',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1972','246',10,'Providence, Rhode Island',NULL,'--- \n- Herbert P. Barnett\n- Herbert Phillip Barnett\n',NULL), (408,'1857',NULL,'Born in Cincinnati, lived in various places, including Paris, Washington, D.C., and Hollywood. Artist, playwright, patron of the arts. Her Studio House in Washington, D.C., the scene of many cultural salons, 1903–1925, is now owned by the NMAA.
','2009-12-15 08:25:52','2009-12-30 18:29:45','Alice Pike Barney',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1931','247',10,'Cincinnati, Ohio','Los Angeles, California','--- \n- Alice Pike\n- Alice Pike Barney\n- Alice Barney\n',NULL), (409,'1879',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:52','2009-12-15 08:25:52','Laura Dreyfus Barney',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1974','248',10,'Cincinnati, Ohio','Paris, France','--- \n- Laura Alice Barney\n- Laura Barney\n- Laura Dreyfus-Barney\n',NULL), (410,'1945',NULL,'Tina Barney was born to a wealthy New York family in 1945. She began collecting photographs in 1971, which sparked her interest in doing her own work. In 1976 she and her husband moved to Sun Valley, Idaho, where she took photography classes at the local art center. During the 1980s Barney developed her photographic vision, focusing on the comfortable lives of the social elite; as a member of this class herself, she is able to photograph friends and family in intimate social settings usually unseen by the outside world. Barney's work is characterized by rich colors and deep focus, achieved through controlled lighting, that capture the material details of the lives of her subjects. Barney lives in New York City and Watch Hill, Rhode Island.
','2009-12-15 08:25:52','2009-12-15 08:25:52','Tina Barney',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'249',10,'New York, New York',NULL,NULL,NULL), (411,'1926',NULL,'Born in Germany, Hannelore Baron immigrated to the United States in 1941 and settled in New York City. As Jews in Nazi Germany, the family suffered persecution and the destruction of their home before finally being able to come to America. The traumatic experiences of this period in Baron's life would directly influence her artwork. Using found fragments of wood, paper, and memorabilia, she began to make collages and assemblages in the 1950s. Her first exhibition took place in 1969 and was followed by numerous gallery shows in New York and Europe. Reporting her death in 1987, the New York Times stated: "She had a special feeling for paper, for the weight of communication it can bear and the weight of history that settles so easily on its edges and surfaces. … She used letters as symbols of memory and birds as symbols of vulnerability and the need for song."
','2009-12-15 08:25:52','2009-12-15 08:25:52','Hannelore Baron',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1987','250',10,'Dillingen, Germany','New York, New York',NULL,NULL), (412,'1889',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:52','2009-12-15 08:25:52','Antonio Barone',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1971','251',10,', Italy','New York, New York',NULL,NULL), (413,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:52','2009-12-15 08:25:52','Stephen Barr',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'252',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (414,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:52','2009-12-15 08:25:52','Thomas E. Barratt',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1854','253',10,', England',', ',NULL,NULL), (415,'1811',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:52','2009-12-15 08:25:52','Jean-Auguste Barre',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1896','254',10,'Paris, France','Paris, France','--- \n- Jean Auguste Barre\n',NULL), (416,'1902',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:52','2009-12-15 08:25:52','Thomas Weeks Barrett',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1947','255',10,'Poughkeepsie, New York','Poughkeepsie, New York','--- \n- Thomas Weeks Barrett, Jr.\n- Thomas Barrett\n',NULL), (417,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:52','2009-12-15 08:25:52','Barrocci',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'256',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (418,'1899',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:52','2009-12-15 08:25:52','Grace Barron',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1987','257',10,'Buffalo, New York','Gloucester, Massachusetts','--- \n- Grace Allison Barron\n',NULL), (419,'1953',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:52','2009-12-15 08:25:52','Ricardo T. Barros',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'258',10,'Sao Paulo, Brazil',NULL,'--- \n- Ricardo Barros\n',NULL), (420,'1903',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:52','2009-12-15 08:25:52','Charles Barrows',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1989','259',10,'Washington, Pennsylvania',NULL,'--- \n- Chuck Barrows\n',NULL), (421,'1830',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:52','2009-12-15 08:25:52','Charles A. Barry',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1892','260',10,'Boston, Massachusetts',NULL,'--- \n- Charles Barry\n',NULL), (422,'1864',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:52','2009-12-15 08:25:52','Gerard Barry',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1941','261',10,'Carrigtwohill, Ireland','Saint-Jean-de-Luz, France','--- \n- William Gerard Barry\n- Gerrard Barry\n',NULL), (423,'1861',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:52','2009-12-15 08:25:52','George Randolph Barse, Jr.',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1938','262',10,'Detroit, Michigan','Katonah, New York','--- \n- George R. Barse\n- George Randall Barse, Jr.\n',NULL), (424,'1834',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:52','2009-12-15 08:25:52','Frederic Auguste Bartholdi',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1904','263',10,'Colmar, France','Paris, France','--- \n- Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi\n- Auguste Bartholdi\n',NULL), (425,'1873',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:52','2009-12-15 08:25:52','Frederic Clay Bartlett',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1953','264',10,'Chicago, Illinois','Beverly, Massachusetts',NULL,NULL), (426,'1941',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:52','2009-12-15 08:25:52','Jennifer Bartlett',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'265',10,'Long Beach, California',NULL,'--- \n- Jennifer Losch Bartlett\n',NULL), (427,'1865',NULL,'Sculptor. Son of the minor sculptor Truman Howe Bartlett, the artist trained in France with Emmanuel Frémiet and became an eminent Beaux Arts sculptor. Well-known examples of his work are the equestrian Lafayette (1899–1908), donated by the United States to France, and the pediment of the west wing of the U.S. Capitol.
','2009-12-15 08:25:52','2009-12-30 18:29:45','Paul Wayland Bartlett',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1925','266',10,'New Haven, Connecticut','Paris, France','--- \n- Paul W. Bartlett\n',NULL), (428,'1809',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:52','2009-12-15 08:25:52','William Henry Bartlett',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1854','267',10,'London, England',NULL,'--- \n- William H. Bartlett\n',NULL), (429,'1893',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-15 08:25:53','Loren Barton',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1975','268',10,'Oxford, Massachusetts','Claremont, California','--- \n- Loren Roberta Barton\n- Loren R. Barton\n- Perez R. Babcock\n- Russell Miller\n- Loren Roberta Babcock\n- Loren Roberta Barton Miller\n',NULL), (430,'1891',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-15 08:25:53','Ralph Barton',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1931','269',10,'Kansas City, Missouri','New York, New York',NULL,NULL), (431,'1796',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-15 08:25:53','Antoine-Louis Barye',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1875','271',10,'Paris, France','Paris, France','--- \n- Antoine Louis Barye\n- Antoine Barye\n',NULL), (432,'1937',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-15 08:25:53','Rachel bas-Cohain',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1982','272',10,'New York, New York','New York, New York',NULL,NULL), (433,'1889',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-15 08:25:53','Victor Hugo Basinet',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'273',10,'Providence, Rhode Island',NULL,'--- \n- Victor Basinet\n- Hugh Basinet\n',NULL), (434,'1896',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-15 08:25:53','Charles Baskerville',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1994','274',10,'Raleigh, North Carolina','New York, New York','--- \n- Charles Baskerville, Jr.\n',NULL), (435,'1922',NULL,'Born in New Brunswick, New Jersey, Leonard Baskin was educated at the New York University School of Applied Arts and, after a stint in the United States navy, at the New School for Social Research in New York City. Travels in Europe in 1950 and 1951 were also of vital importance to his artistic development. Since his first exhibitions in the early 1950s, Baskin has pursued an active career in illustration, design, and sculpture.
Baskin's work is represented in the collections of major museums in the United States and Europe, including the National Gallery of Art, the Victoria and Albert Museum, and the Whitney Museum of American Art. His graphic art and sculpture have been shown in exhibitions in the United States, England, France, and Austria. He is also the recipient of numerous graphic-design awards, including the Special Medal of Merit from the American Institute of Graphic Arts.
Although sculpture has remained a major part of Baskin's oeuvre, it was through graphic design that he originally gained renown. He has worked extensively with woodcuts, chiefly for book illustration. He is the founder of the Gehenna Press in Massachusetts and has been a major force in the revitalization of small American presses. Baskin's posters and other graphic art are distinguished by a consistently powerful directness in exploring the full range of form and expression.
','2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-15 08:25:53','Leonard Baskin',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2000','275',10,'New Brunswick, New Jersey','Northampton, Massachusetts',NULL,NULL), (436,'1903',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-15 08:25:53','Stanley Bate',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1972','276',10,'Nashville, Tennessee','Craryville, New York',NULL,NULL), (437,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-15 08:25:53','Aurelius Battaglia',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'277',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (438,'1844',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-15 08:25:53','Paul Albert Baudouin',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1931','278',10,'Rouen, France','Paris, France',NULL,NULL), (439,'1922',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-15 08:25:53','Don Baum',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2008','279',10,'Escanaba, Michigan','Evanston, Illinois','--- \n- Charles Donald Baum\n',NULL), (440,'1939',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-15 08:25:53','Marilyn Baum',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'280',10,'Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania',NULL,'--- \n- Marilyn Ruth Baum\n',NULL), (441,'1903',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-15 08:25:53','Mark Baum',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1997','281',10,'Sanok, Austria-Hungary','Cape Neddick, Maine',NULL,NULL), (442,'1881',NULL,'Printmaker, painter. While still a young boy, Baumann emigrated with his family from Magdeburg, Germany, to Chicago. He returned to Germany to study at Kunstgewerbeschule in Munich and later attended the Art Institute of Chicago. After moving to Santa Fe in 1918, he became a leading member of the art community, respected for services he performed on behalf of his colleagues and for his experiments in a wide variety of media. Baumann was appointed area coordinator of the Public Works of Art Project of the Works Progress Administration beginning in the early 1930s. During this time, he also carved and decorated a large number of marionettes, with which he and his wife and other artists toured the state, acting out Hispanic and Indian folk stories. In 1939, he published Frijoles Canyon Pictographs, illustrated with woodblock prints of prehistoric Indian designs and figures carved in the canyon walls. Later he incorporated such anthropological imagery into his art.
References
Baumann, Gustave. "At Work on Taos and Rio Pictures." El Palacio 6 (January 1919): 47.
Cassidy, Ina Sizer. "Art and Artists of New Mexico." New Mexico Magazine 10 (October 19320: 24.
Garoffolo, Vincent. "The Woodblock art of Gustave Baumann." In New Mexico Artists, New Mexico Artist Series No. 3, pp. 35–44. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1952.
','2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-15 08:25:53','Gustave Baumann',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1971','282',10,'Magdeburg, Germany','Santa Fe, New Mexico',NULL,NULL), (443,'1894',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-15 08:25:53','Warren W. Baumgartner',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1963','283',10,'Oakville, Missouri','New York, New York','--- \n- Warren William Baumgartner\n- Warren Baumgartner\n',NULL), (444,'1949',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-15 08:25:53','Baychar',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'284',10,'Augusta, Maine',NULL,NULL,NULL), (445,'1900',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-15 08:25:53','Herbert Bayer',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1985','285',10,'Haag, Austria','Montecito, California',NULL,NULL), (446,'1912',NULL,'Painter. A first generation New York Abstract Expressionist. Marine life is suggested by the titles Baziotes selected for many of his paintings, which showed the Surrealist influences of Joan Miró and André Masson in the use of biomorphic shapes. The artist exhibited his paintings widely in national and international exhibitions.
','2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-30 18:29:46','William Baziotes',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1963','286',10,'Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania','New York, New York','--- \n- William A. Baziotes\n',NULL), (447,'1881',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-15 08:25:53','Chester Beach',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1956','287',10,'San Francisco, California','Brewster, New York',NULL,NULL), (448,'1879',NULL,'Painter and etcher, an American Impressionist who studied with William Merritt Chase. He painted romantic scenes of New York City, the circus and New England landscapes.
','2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-15 08:25:53','Gifford Beal',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1956','288',10,'New York, New York','New York, New York',NULL,NULL), (449,'1931',NULL,'An Abstract Expressionist when he left the Art Institute of Chicago in 1956, Beal has since become a dedicated realist who sees art as a potentially powerful moral force. He has great regard for Platonic ideals of truth, beauty, and goodness, and admires both the realism of seventeenth-century Dutch painting and the compositional authority of Renaissance art. Since moving to New York in the late 1950s with his wife, painter Sondra Freckelton, Beal has painted still lifes, portraits, and landscapes, although in recent years his most ambitious undertakings have been large-scale allegories and myths. In describing his approach, Beal calls himself a "life painter" and says he is committed to human over aesthetic concerns. Yet his intricate complexes of figures and surface patterns, along with his adroit handling of space, reveal his sophisticated, accomplished sense of composition.
','2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-15 08:25:53','Jack Beal',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'289',10,'Richmond, Virginia',NULL,NULL,NULL), (450,'1632',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-15 08:25:53','Mary Beale',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1699','290',10,'Suffolk, England','London, England','--- \n- Mary Cradock\n- Mary Cradock Beale\n',NULL), (451,'1903',NULL,'During his childhood in Chicago, Illinois, Lester Beall's mother encouraged him to draw as a means of creative expression and as a diversion from their family's difficult financial situation. In 1917 Beall began attending Saturday art classes at the Art Institute of Chicago, where his youthful efforts received high praise. Beall continued to draw during high school, his course work including four years of mechanical drawing classes. This early grounding in technical drawing became an important element of his developing graphic style.
Beall enrolled at the University of Chicago as a science major, but ultimately switched to the art history program. Because the school offered no studio courses at that time, Beall supplemented his art history classes with additional life drawing and painting classes at the Art Institute. Upon graduation from the university in 1926, Beall found work as a freelance illustrator in Chicago. During the difficult years of the Depression, Beall continued to take studio art classes at the Art Institute. In addition to the classes, he spent a great deal of time at the museum's library, where he reveled in the avant garde graphic design of French art magazines.
Exposure to these very modern representations of art, typography, and illustration dramatically changed Beall's artistic vision. He incorporated these influences into his own advertising designs to create the dynamic graphic style for which he is remembered today. The Museum of Modern Art recognized Beall's achievements in 1937 with a solo exhibition, the first time a graphic designer was so honored.
','2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-15 08:25:53','Lester Beall',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1969','291',10,'Kansas City, Missouri','New York, New York','--- \n- Lester Thomas Beall\n',NULL), (452,'1932',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-15 08:25:53','Richard Beale',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'292',10,'Detroit, Michigan',NULL,'--- \n- Richard A. Beale\n',NULL), (453,'1888',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-15 08:25:53','Rollin E. Beard',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1961','294',10,', Iowa','Prescott, Arizona',NULL,NULL), (454,'1824',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-15 08:25:53','William Holbrook Beard',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1900','295',10,'Painesville, Ohio','New York, New York','--- \n- William H. Beard\n- W. H. Beard\n',NULL), (455,'1912',NULL,'Born in North Carolina; studied in the U.S. and in Paris; lived mostly in New York City. Dynamic artist who created archetypal figures of African Americans and others by combining different kinds of images, using oil paint or collage materials.
','2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-30 18:29:46','Romare Bearden',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1988','296',10,'Charlotte, North Carolina','New York, New York','--- \n- Romare Howard Bearden\n- Romare H. Bearden\n',NULL), (456,'1939',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-15 08:25:53','Bruce Beasley',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'297',10,'Los Angeles, California',NULL,NULL,NULL), (457,'1851',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-15 08:25:53','John W. Beatty',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1924','298',10,'Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania','Clifton Springs, New York','--- \n- John Wesley Beatty\n',NULL), (458,'1923',NULL,'Robert Beauchamp studied with Boardman Robinson at the Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center and attended Cranbrook Academy of Art before working with Abstract Expressionist Hans Hofmann. In 1953 he gave up abstract art, believing it to be too esoteric and remote from immediate life, and returned to painting the figure. Beauchamp's approach, however, was to "distort, fantasize and pile in the images ... to paint objects with the subtleties of natural forms and the subjectivity possible through abstraction." In the decades after he began exhibiting, Beauchamp received several grants, traveled to Rome on a Fulbright fellowship (1959), and held several teaching positions. A New York resident in his later years, Beauchamp exhibited regularly and painted fanciful, sometimes horrific, scenes in which "reality" provided as important a source of inspiration as did the imagination.
','2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-15 08:25:53','Robert Beauchamp',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1995','299',10,'Denver, Colorado','New York, New York','--- \n- Bob Beauchamp\n',NULL), (459,'1855',NULL,'Born Philadelphia, 1855. Before 1872, studied drawing with Dutch artist Adolf van der Whelen. 1875, fossil drawings on commission from U.S. Geological Survey. 1877–79, studied Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. First exhibited 1879. 1888, studied at Académie Julian, Paris. Worked in Concarneaux, Brittany; traveled in Italy. 1889, returned to Philadelphia. 1893, elected to Society of American Artists. 1895-1915, taught at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. 1896, France and England; exhibited at Champs-de-Mars, Paris. 1898, Gold Medal of Honor from Pennsylvania Academy. From 1899, a prominent portrait artist with many distinguished commissions and exhibitions. Virtually ceased painting after 1930. 1935, largest lifetime exhibition, American Academy of Arts and Letters. Died 7 September 1942, Gloucester, Mass.
','2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-30 18:29:46','Cecilia Beaux',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1942','300',10,'Philadelphia, Pennsylvania','Gloucester, Massachusetts',NULL,NULL), (460,'1932',NULL,'Bay Area painter Robert Bechtle was born in San Francisco and studied art and design at the California College of Arts and Crafts in Oakland and the University of California at Berkeley. Although he began his painting career by exploring Abstract Expressionism, Bay Area figuration, and Pop Art, it was his concurrent experiments with photography that led Bechtle to start painting from photographs in an effort to forge a visual style distinct from that of his early influences—artists such as Richard Diebenkorn and Nathan Oliveira.
\nBechtle's re-creations of Bay Area middle-class suburban houses, cul-de-sacs, and parked cars document an American suburbia at once banal and reassuring. The effect has led critics to compare his work to that of seventeenth-century Dutch genre painters who nostalgically documented bourgeois life. Bechtle has said he hopes viewers might "find significance in the details of the commonplace."
','2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-15 08:25:53','Robert Bechtle',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'301',10,'San Francisco, California',NULL,'--- \n- Robert Alan Bechtle\n',NULL), (461,'1924',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-15 08:25:53','C. Ronald Bechtle',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'302',10,'Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',NULL,NULL,NULL), (462,'1923',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-15 08:25:53','Jack Wolfgang Beck',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1988','303',10,'Chicago, Illinois',NULL,'--- \n- Jack Beck\n- Jackson Wolfgang Beck\n',NULL), (463,'1923',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-15 08:25:53','Rosemarie Beck',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'304',10,'New York, New York',NULL,'--- \n- Rosemarie Beck Phelps\n',NULL), (464,'1864',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-15 08:25:53','Walter Beck',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1954','305',10,'Dayton, Ohio','Millbrook, New York','--- \n- Otto Walter Beck\n- Otto W. Beck\n',NULL), (465,'1937',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-15 08:25:53','David Becker',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'306',10,'Milwaukee, Wisconsin',NULL,NULL,NULL), (466,'1913',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-15 08:25:53','Fred Becker',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2004','307',10,'Oakland, California','Amherst, Massachusetts','--- \n- Fred Gerhard Becker\n- Fred G. Becker\n',NULL), (467,'1952',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-15 08:25:53','Richard Beckett',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'308',10,'Grand Rapids, Michigan',NULL,NULL,NULL), (468,'1868',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-15 08:25:53','Alice Beckington',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1942','309',10,'St. Charles, Missouri','La Jolla, California',NULL,NULL), (469,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-15 08:25:53','H. S. Beckwith',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'310',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (470,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-15 08:25:53','H. W. Beckwith',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'311',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (471,'1852',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-15 08:25:53','Carroll Beckwith',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1917','312',10,'Hannibal, Missouri','New York, New York','--- \n- James Carroll Beckwith\n- J. Carroll Beckwith\n',NULL), (472,'1945',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-15 08:25:53','Michael Becotte',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'313',10,'Niagara Falls, New York',NULL,NULL,NULL), (473,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-15 08:25:53','William J. Beecher',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'314',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (474,'1753',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-15 08:25:53','Sir William Beechey',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1839','315',10,'Burford, England','London, England',NULL,NULL), (475,'1908',NULL,'Marvin Beerbohm grew up in Detroit, Michigan, where he attended the art school of the Society of Arts and Crafts from 1928 to 1932. During the 1930s he taught at the Detroit School of Art and also was employed part-time as a muralist for the Federal Art Project. He also designed and executed murals commissioned by the Public Buildings Administration, U.S. Treasury Department. Among his projects were murals for the Detroit Public Library and post offices in the Michigan towns of Knoxville and Belding. Beerbohm later taught at art schools and community centers in Michigan while continuing to paint and also execute designs for stained-glass windows.
','2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-15 08:25:53','Marvin Beerbohm',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1981','316',10,'Toronto, Canada','North Olmstead, Ohio',NULL,NULL), (476,'1899',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-15 08:25:53','Thomas M. Beggs',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1990','317',10,'New York, New York','McLean, Virginia','--- \n- Thomas Montague Beggs\n- Thomas Beggs\n',NULL), (477,'1935',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-15 08:25:53','Gwendolyn Beitzell',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'318',10,'Corinth, Mississippi',NULL,'--- \n- Gwendolyn Richardson Beitzell\n- Gwendolyn Beitzell\n',NULL), (478,'1897',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-15 08:25:53','David Bekker',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1956','319',10,'Vilna, Russia','Chicago, Illinois','--- \n- David Ben Menachem Bekker\n',NULL), (479,'1930',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-15 08:25:53','Arnold Belkin',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'320',10,'Calgary, Canada',NULL,NULL,NULL), (480,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:53','2009-12-15 08:25:53','Hannah Belkin',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'321',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (481,'1781',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:54','2009-12-15 08:25:54','Zedekiah Belknap',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1858','322',10,'Ward, Massachusetts','Weathersfield, Vermont','--- \n- Zedikiah Belknap\n- Zebakiah Belknap\n',NULL), (482,'1886',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:54','2009-12-15 08:25:54','Clara Louise Bell',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'323',10,'Newton Falls, Ohio',NULL,'--- \n- Bela Janowsky\n',NULL), (483,'1894',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:54','2009-12-15 08:25:54','Corydon Bell',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'324',10,'Tiffin, Ohio',NULL,NULL,NULL), (484,'1904',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:54','2009-12-15 08:25:54','Enid Bell',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1994','325',10,'London, England','Englewood, New Jersey','--- \n- E. B. Palanchian\n- Enid Bell Palanchian\n- Missak Palanchian\n',NULL), (485,'1939',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:54','2009-12-15 08:25:54','Larry Bell',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'326',10,'Chicago, Illinois',NULL,'--- \n- Larry Stuart Bell\n',NULL), (486,'1799',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:54','2009-12-15 08:25:54','Samuel Bellin',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1894','328',10,'London, England','London, England',NULL,NULL), (487,'1882',NULL,'Realist painter who moved from his hometown of Columbus, Ohio, to New York City, establishing himself as a painter of the bustling urban landscape. He was associated with The Eight and was influenced by Robert Henri.
','2009-12-15 08:25:54','2009-12-30 18:29:47','George Bellows',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1925','329',10,'Columbus, Ohio','New York, New York','--- \n- George Wesley Bellows\n- George W. Bellows\n',NULL), (488,'1885',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:54','2009-12-15 08:25:54','Ira Jean Belmont',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1964','330',10,'Kaunas, Russia','New York, New York','--- \n- I. J. Belmont\n',NULL), (489,'1907',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:54','2009-12-15 08:25:54','Abram Belskie',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1988','332',10,'London, England',NULL,NULL,NULL), (490,'1630',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:54','2009-12-30 18:29:47','Willem Bemmel',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1708','333',10,'Utrecht, Netherlands','Wöhrd, Germany','--- \n- Wilhelm von Bemmel\n- William von Bemmel\n- Willem van Bemmel\n- Wilhelm von Bemel\n',NULL), (491,'1743',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:54','2009-12-15 08:25:54','Henry Benbridge',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1812','334',10,'Philadelphia, Pennsylvania','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',NULL,NULL), (492,'1959',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:54','2009-12-15 08:25:54','Adolf Benca',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'335',10,', Czechoslovakia',NULL,NULL,NULL), (493,'1899',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:54','2009-12-15 08:25:54','Alfred Bendiner',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1964','336',10,'Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania',', Pennsylvania','--- \n- Al Bendiner\n',NULL), (494,'1942',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:54','2009-12-15 08:25:54','Barton Lidice Benes',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'337',10,'Westwood, New Jersey',NULL,'--- \n- Barton Benes\n',NULL), (495,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:54','2009-12-15 08:25:54','I. Benforado',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'338',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (496,'1916',NULL,'One of the youngest members of the American Abstract Artists, Rosalind Bengelsdorf championed abstraction in her writings and lectures as well as in her paintings. As a teenager, she studied at the Art Students League (1930–34) with John Steuart Curry, Raphael Soyer, Anne Goldthwaite, and George Bridgman, and then for a year at the Annot School. In 1935, she entered Hans Hofmann's atelier as one of the many scholarship students he took on. The following year, she joined the abstract artists working on WPA murals under Burgoyne Diller's enlightened leadership.
In Hans Hofmann, Bengelsdorf found a true mentor. His dedication to the painting as an independent object matched her growing belief that the picture plane was a "living reality" of forms, energies, and colors. Like Hofmann, Bengelsdorf believed that "the shapes that compose the picture belong to nothing else but the picture."(1)
She had begun to analyze objects in terms of geometric form under George Bridgman at the league and subsequently at Annot. In a high school chemistry class, Bengelsdorf became fascinated with the idea that space is filled with "myriad,infinitesimal subdivisions." She saw "the universe as a charged miracle, a vibrating orchestration of the continuousinterplay of all forms of matter."(2) Under Hofmann, who emphasized theinterrelationship of objects and the environments they occupy, these impulses merged. For Bengelsdorf, the artist's task became the description of "not only what he sees but also what he knows of the natural internal function" of objects and the "laws of energy that govern all matter: the opposition, tension, interrelation, combination and destruction of planes in space."(3) This meant that the abstract painter was studying the laws of nature, tearing it apart and then reorganizing the parts into a new creation.(4)
Despite this emphasis on formalism, Bengelsdorf also believed that abstractart played a larger function within society. She separated artistic concerns from economic ones and championed art's potential for increasing knowledge and understanding. Satire, motion pictures, posters, and other pictorial solutionsaddressed some kinds of human concerns; but the larger ones—of the mind, of the possibility for order within life's experience—these were the domain of abstraction.(5)
In her own paintings, such asAbstraction andSeated Woman, Bengelsdorfwas concerned with these questions.Abstraction, which relates to a WPA mural (now destroyed) Bengelsdorf painted for the Central Nurses Home on Welfare Island, balances simple geometric forms through position and color. Seated Woman, which was featured in the 1939 American Abstract Artists annual exhibition, owes a clear debt to Picasso's Girl Before a Mirror (1932, Museum of Modern Art) and gives clear evidence of her belief that "energy and form are inseparable."
After her marriage to Byron Browne in1940, and the birth of their son, Bengelsdorf turned from full-time painting to teaching, writing, and criticism. An articulate and perceptive writer, she often reviewed the exhibitions of work by her friends from the early days of the American Abstract Artists, and continued, through her writings, to champion the cause of abstract art.
A founding member of the American Abstract Artists, Bengelsdorf had been involved in the group's earliest discussions. Reminiscing about the early meeting that Arshile Gorky had walked out of, she said that she and Browne were sympathetic with Gorky's position. "We shared empathy with his concept of a basic abstract language of art. . . . Gorky could see beyond the limits of his own abstract idiom expressive of the climate of our time."(6)
1. Rosalind Bengelsdorf, "The New Realism," in American Abstract Artists: Three Yearbooks (1938, 1939, 1946) (reprint, New York: Amo Press, 1969), p. 22. Bengelsdorf articulated these ideas in specific and clear terms in a lecture she gave at the Artists' Union in 1936. Her handwritten notes can be found in the Rosalind Bengelsdorf Browne Papers, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., roll 2014. She spoke of energy and movement, and of movement and form respectively. She used diagrams of atomic structure to explain the interaction of spatial planes—what we now call negative space—with the forms within a painting. Along with Hofmann's lectures of 1937–38 at the Art Students League, Bengelsdorf's presentation of the "science" ofabstract art was a vital justification for the potential of art in light of new scientific insights.
2. Letter from Rosalind Bengelsdorf toHenry Hunt, 7 February 1971, BengelsdorfBrowne Papers, roll 2016: 417.
3. Bengelsdorf, "The New Realism," p. 21.
4 . Bengelsdorf, "The New Realism," p. 21.
5. In her 1936 lecture at the Artists' Union, Bengelsdorf addressed the question of art's social utility. She equated the "plastic painter" to a scientist who is constantly researching to discover more about life. She also thanked the members of the Artists' Union for their indulgence in allowing herself and others to proselytize about abstract art.
6. Letter to Henry Hunt, 7 February 1971. Bengelsdorf added that she and Byron Browne "shared empathy with [Gorky's] concept of a basic abstract language of art underlying changing styles for millennia—a language attempting to equate the creative acts apparent in nature everywhere."
','2009-12-15 08:25:54','2009-12-15 08:25:54','Rosalind Bengelsdorf',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1979','339',10,'New York, New York','New York, New York','--- \n- Rosalind Browne\n- Rosalind Bengelsdorf Browne\n',NULL), (497,'1941',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:54','2009-12-15 08:25:54','Lynda Benglis',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'340',10,'Lake Charles, Louisiana',NULL,'--- \n- Lynda Marie Benglis\n',NULL), (498,'1942',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:54','2009-12-15 08:25:54','Jim Bengston',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'341',10,'Evanston, Illinois',NULL,NULL,NULL), (499,'1902',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:54','2009-12-15 08:25:54','Paul Benjamin',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1982','342',10,'New York, New York','Bennington, Vermont','--- \n- Paul A. Benjamin\n',NULL), (500,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:54','2009-12-15 08:25:54','Robert Benjamin',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'343',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (501,'1776',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:54','2009-12-15 08:25:54','Henri Benner',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1818','344',10,'Mulhouse, France',NULL,NULL,NULL), (502,'1948',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:54','2009-12-15 08:25:54','Jamie Bennett',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'346',10,'Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',NULL,NULL,NULL), (503,'1865',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:54','2009-12-15 08:25:54','John Bennett',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1956','347',10,'Chillicothe, Ohio','Charleston, South Carolina','--- \n- John L. Bennett\n',NULL), (504,'1907',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:54','2009-12-15 08:25:54','Rainey Bennett',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'348',10,'Marion, Indiana',NULL,NULL,NULL), (505,'1787',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:54','2009-12-15 08:25:54','William James Bennett',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1844','349',10,'London, England','New York, ','--- \n- W. J. Bennett\n- William J. Bennett\n',NULL), (506,'1837',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:54','2009-12-15 08:25:54','George Frederick Bensell',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1879','350',10,'Philadelphia, Pennsylvania','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania','--- \n- George F. Bensell\n- George Bensell\n',NULL), (507,'1903',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:54','2009-12-15 08:25:54','Ahron Ben-Shmuel',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1984','351',10,'New York, New York','Jerusalem, Israel',NULL,NULL), (508,'1862',NULL,'Born in Massachusetts, lived in Boston. Impressionist artist who became famous early for his idealized pictures of young women; later painted murals, still lifes, and sporting scenes.
','2009-12-15 08:25:54','2009-12-30 18:29:47','Frank W. Benson',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1951','352',10,'Salem, Massachusetts','Salem, Massachusetts','--- \n- Frank Weston Benson\n- Frank Benson\n',NULL), (509,'1941',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:54','2009-12-15 08:25:54','Patricia Benson',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'353',10,'Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',NULL,'--- \n- S. Patricia McMahon Benson\n- S. Patricia Benson\n',NULL), (510,'1943',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:54','2009-12-15 08:25:54','Richard Benson',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'354',10,'Newport, Rhode Island',NULL,'--- \n- Richard Mead Atwater Benson\n- Richard M. A. Benson\n',NULL), (511,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:54','2009-12-15 08:25:54','W. Benson',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'355',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (512,'1806',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:54','2009-12-15 08:25:54','Charles Bentley',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1854','356',10,'London, England','London, England',NULL,NULL), (513,'1880',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:54','2009-12-15 08:25:54','John W. Bentley',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1951','357',10,'Paterson, New Jersey','Kingston, New York','--- \n- John William Bentley\n',NULL), (514,'1889',NULL,'An American scene painter who, along with John Steuart Curry and Grant Wood, was a leading regionalist painter of the 1930s. Well known for his murals and portraits depicting everyday life, particularly in the Midwest, Benton authored two autobiographies, An Artist in America (1937) and An American in Art (1969).
','2009-12-15 08:25:54','2009-12-30 18:29:47','Thomas Hart Benton',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1975','358',10,'Neosho, Missouri','Kansas City, Missouri','--- \n- Tom Benton\n- Thomas H. Benton\n',NULL), (515,'1946',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:54','2009-12-15 08:25:54','Bill Benway',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'359',10,'Oak Park, Illinois',NULL,NULL,NULL), (516,'1897',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:54','2009-12-15 08:25:54','Ben-Zion',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1987','360',10,'Stary Constantin, Russia','New York, New York','--- \n- Benzion Weinman\n',NULL), (517,'1879',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:54','2009-12-15 08:25:54','Paul F. Berdanier',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1961','362',10,'Frackville, Pennsylvania','Smithtown, New York','--- \n- Paul Frederick Berdanier\n- Paul F. Berdanier, Sr.\n- Paul Berdanier\n',NULL), (518,'1915',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:54','2009-12-15 08:25:54','Vera Berdich',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2003','363',10,'Chicago, Illinois','Chicago, Illinois','--- \n- Veronika Berdich\n- Veronica Berdich\n- Vera Berdich\n',NULL), (519,'1937',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:54','2009-12-15 08:25:54','Ed Bereal',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'364',10,'Los Angeles, California',NULL,NULL,NULL), (520,'1880',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:54','2009-12-15 08:25:54','Charlotte Berend-Corinth',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1967','365',10,'Berlin, Germany','New York, New York','--- \n- Charlotte Berend\n- Charlotte Corinth\n- Lovis Corinth\n- Corinth\n',NULL), (521,'1923',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:54','2009-12-15 08:25:54','Fred Berger',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'366',10,'Chicago, Illinois',NULL,NULL,NULL), (522,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:54','2009-12-15 08:25:54','Fred Bergere',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'367',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (523,'1620',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:54','2009-12-15 08:25:54','Nicholaes Berchem',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1683','368',10,'Haarlem, Netherlands','Amsterdam, Netherlands','--- \n- Claes Pietersy Nicolaes Berghem\n- Claes Pietersz Berchem\n- Nicolaes Pietersz Berchem\n- Berchem van Haarlem\n- Nicolaes Pietersz Berrighem\n- Claes Pietersz Berrighem\n- Nicolaes van Berchem\n',NULL), (524,'1911',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:54','2009-12-15 08:25:54','Bernece Berkman',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1988','369',10,'Chicago, Illinois','New York, New York','--- \n- Bernese Berkman\n- Bernece Berkman-Hunter\n',NULL), (525,'1915',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:55','2009-12-15 08:25:55','Leon Berkowitz',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1987','370',10,'Philadelphia, Pennsylvania','Washington, District of Columbia',NULL,NULL), (526,'1899',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:55','2009-12-15 08:25:55','Eugene Berman',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1972','371',10,'St. Petersburg, Russia','Rome, Italy',NULL,NULL), (527,'1895',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:55','2009-12-15 08:25:55','Sarah Berman',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1957','372',10,', Russia',', ','--- \n- Sarah Ostrowsky\n- Sarah Ostrowsky Berman\n',NULL), (528,'1899',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:55','2009-12-15 08:25:55','Saul Berman',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1975','373',10,', Russia','Los Angeles, California',NULL,NULL), (529,'1951',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:55','2009-12-15 08:25:55','Zeke Berman',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'374',10,'New York, New York',NULL,'--- \n- Zeke Ezra Berman\n',NULL), (530,'1922',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:55','2009-12-15 08:25:55','Jose Bermudez',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'375',10,'Havana, Cuba',NULL,'--- \n- Jose Ygnacio Bermudez\n',NULL), (531,'1866',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:55','2009-12-15 08:25:55','Joseph-Antoine Bernard',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1931','376',10,'Vienne, France','Boulogne-sur-Seine, France','--- \n- Joseph Antoine Bernard\n',NULL), (532,'1874',NULL,'While working for various printers and lithography firms during the day, Berninghaus attended the Saint Louis School of Fine Arts at night. In 1899 the Denver and Rio Grande Railway sent him west to depict the scenery along its route. During this trip he visited Taos, New Mexico, the picturesque southwestern town that he was to be identified with for much of his career. Until he settled permanently in New Mexico in 1925, he worked as a commercial artist in Saint Louis during the winter and painted in his Taos studio during the summer. Berninghaus was a founding member of the Taos Society of Artists.
References
Eldredge, Schimmel, and Truettner, Art in New Mexico, 192; Gordon E. Sanders, Oscar Berninghaus, Taos, New Mexico: Master Painter of American Indians of the Frontier West (Taos, N.M.: Taos Heritage, 1985).
Realist painter in the traditions of the Ashcan and New York Realism Schools, wife of William Meyerowitz. Her favorite themes included parades, beach scenes, music and the theater, as well as women at leisure and in the workplace. In the 1920s, her sensitive and sympathetic depictions of everyday life brought her critical acclaim that declined as she turned her attention to promoting her husband's work and as Abstract Expressionism gained momentum.
','2009-12-15 08:25:55','2009-12-15 08:25:55','Theresa Bernstein',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2002','380',10,'Philadelphia, Pennsylvania','New York, New York','--- \n- Theresa F. Bernstein\n- Theresa Bernstein Meyerowitz\n- William Meyerowitz\n',NULL), (536,'1945',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:55','2009-12-15 08:25:55','William Bernstein',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'381',10,'Newark, New Jersey',NULL,'--- \n- William Joseph Bernstein\n',NULL), (537,'1950',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:55','2009-12-15 08:25:55','Jennifer M. Berringer',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'383',10,'Point Pleasant, New Jersey',NULL,'--- \n- Jennifer Berringer\n- Jennifer Marie Berringer\n',NULL), (538,'1869',NULL,'Born April 2, 1869, in Clifton, Kentucky. Graduated from Professor Henry's School for Boys, in Versailles, 1886. Lived in Washington, D.C., 1886–1949. Was a draftsman for the U.S. Patent Office, 1886–91. Joined the Post in 1891 as understudy cartoonist for George Y. Coffin, whom he succeeded, 1896–1907. Married Kate Geddes Durfee of Washington, 1893. Created the "Teddy Bear" image of President Roosevelt, 1902. Joined the Star, 1907–49. Receved a Pulitzer Prize for a cartoon, 1944. Illustrated numerous publications. Died December 11, 1949, in Washinton, D.C.
','2009-12-15 08:25:55','2009-12-15 08:25:55','Clifford K. Berryman',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1949','384',10,'Versailles, Kentucky','Washington, District of Columbia','--- \n- Clifford Kennedy Berryman\n- Cliff Berryman\n- Clifford Berryman\n',NULL), (539,'1915',NULL,'Best known as a sculptor and furniture designer, Harry Bertoia was born in San Lorenzo, Udine, Italy. In 1928 he began taking drawing classes in Italy before immigrating first to Canada, then to Detroit in 1930. He received a scholarship to the School of the Detroit Society of Arts and Crafts in 1936 and a year later was awarded a teaching scholarship at the Cranbrook Academy of Art in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan. There he taught metalworking from 1937 to 1942 and then graphics for one year. In 1943 Bertoia moved to Los Angeles to work as a furniture designer. He also took welding classes at Santa Monica City College and in 1947 created his first welded sculptures. During this period Bertoia became an American citizen. His employer, Knoll Associates, introduced the Bertoia Collection of furniture in 1952. The following year he received his first commission for a large-scale sculpture for the General Motors Technical Center in Warren, Michigan. Bertoia subsequently resigned from Knoll Associates to concentrate on his sculpture. His distinguished work brought him other major commissions for the Massachussetts Institute of Technology Chapel, Lambert Airport in St. Louis, Dulles International Airport in Washington, D.C., and the Federal Reserve Bank in Richmond, Virginia. Beginning in the 1940s, Bertoia exhibited extensively. Among his many awards were the Gold Medal given by the Architectural League of New York (1955–56), the Fine Arts Medal from the Pennsylvania Association of the American Institute of Architects (1963), and an honorary doctorate from Lehigh University in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania (1976).
','2009-12-15 08:25:55','2009-12-15 08:25:55','Harry Bertoia',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1978','385',10,'San Lorenzo, Italy','Barto, Pennsylvania',NULL,NULL), (540,'1913',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:55','2009-12-15 08:25:55','Frank Besedick',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1987','387',10,'Hamilton, Ohio','Cincinnati, Ohio','--- \n- Frank Paul Besedick\n',NULL), (541,'1849',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:55','2009-12-15 08:25:55','Albert Besnard',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1934','388',10,'Paris, France','Paris, France','--- \n- Paul Albert Besnard\n- Paul-Albert Besnard\n',NULL), (542,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:55','2009-12-15 08:25:55','Audrey Bethel',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'389',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (543,'1900',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:55','2009-12-15 08:25:55','Jolan Gross Bettelheim',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1972','390',10,'Nitra, Czechoslovakia',NULL,'--- \n- Jolan Gross-Bettelheim\n- Gross Bettelheim\n',NULL), (544,'1894',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:55','2009-12-15 08:25:55','Beulah R. Bettersworth',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1968','391',10,'St. Louis, Missouri',NULL,'--- \n- Beulah Ruth\n- Beulah Ruth Bettersworth\n',NULL), (545,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:55','2009-12-15 08:25:55','Beymer',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'393',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (546,'1926',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:55','2009-12-15 08:25:55','Aharon Bezalel',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'394',10,', Afghanistan',NULL,NULL,NULL), (547,'1903',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:55','2009-12-15 08:25:55','Biala',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2000','396',10,'Biala, Russia','Paris, France','--- \n- Janice Tworkovsky\n- Janice Brustlein\n- Janice Biala\n',NULL), (548,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:55','2009-12-15 08:25:55','I. Bianucci',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'397',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (549,'1837',NULL,'Although best known for his portraits and historical subjects, Albion Harris Bicknell also painted and etched still lifes and landscapes. Born in Turner, Maine, he moved to Boston and studied art at the Lowell Institute around 1855. From about 1860 to1862, he studied at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris under Thomas Couture. In 1864 Bicknell established a studio in Boston and began exhibiting at the Boston Athenaeum annually. He helped found the Allston Club in 1866. After moving to Malden, Massachusetts, in 1875, he began experimenting with the monotype process. By 1881, he had completed at least fifty such prints, and in that year he exhibited at the J. Eastman Chase Gallery in Boston and the Union League Club in New York. His monotypes were also shown at the Salmagundi Sketch Club at the National Academy of Design in 1882. In the 1880s Bicknell taught sketching classes during the summer. He turned to watercolor in 1895, but after 1900 his art activity gradually decreased.
','2009-12-15 08:25:55','2009-12-15 08:25:55','Albion Harris Bicknell',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1915','398',10,'Turner, Maine','Malden, Massachusetts',NULL,NULL), (550,'1866',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:55','2009-12-15 08:25:55','Frank A. Bicknell',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1943','399',10,'Augusta, Maine','Essex, Connecticut','--- \n- Frank Bicknell\n- Frank A. Bicknell\n',NULL), (551,'1860',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:55','2009-12-15 08:25:55','William Harry Warren Bicknell',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1947','400',10,'Boston, Massachusetts','Provincetown, Massachusetts','--- \n- W. H. W. Bicknell\n- William Henry Warren Bicknell\n',NULL), (552,'1813',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:55','2009-12-15 08:25:55','Alexandre Bida',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1895','401',10,'Toulouse, France','Buhl, Germany','--- \n- F. Alexandre Bida\n',NULL), (553,'1885',NULL,'Muralist and portrait painter instrumental in the development of Federal arts programs during the Depression. The influence of Diego Rivera is evident in his murals, the most famous being five fresco panels for the Department of Justice Building in Washington, D.C.
','2009-12-15 08:25:55','2009-12-15 08:25:55','George Biddle',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1973','402',10,'Philadelphia, Pennsylvania','Croton-on-Hudson, New York',NULL,NULL), (554,'1930',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:55','2009-12-15 08:25:55','Robert Bidner',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1984','403',10,'Youngstown, Ohio','New York, New York','--- \n- Robert D. H. Bidner\n',NULL), (555,'1902',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:55','2009-12-15 08:25:55','Eugene V. Biel-Bienne',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1969','404',10,'Vienna, Austria','Nashville, Tennessee','--- \n- Eugene Biel\n- Eugene Vitalis Biel-Bienne\n- Eugene Biel-Bienne\n- Egon Vitalis Biel\n',NULL), (556,'1891',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:55','2009-12-15 08:25:55','Joseph Biel',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1943','405',10,', Russia',', New York',NULL,NULL), (557,'1908',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:55','2009-12-15 08:25:55','Otto Bielefeld',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1982','406',10,'Milwaukee, Wisconsin','Whitefish Bay, Michigan','--- \n- Otto F. Bielefeld\n',NULL), (558,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:55','2009-12-15 08:25:55','Bieman',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'407',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (559,'1826',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:55','2009-12-15 08:25:55','Julius Bien',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1909','408',10,'Naumberg, Germany',NULL,NULL,NULL), (560,'1920',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:55','2009-12-15 08:25:55','Edward J. Bierly',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2004','409',10,'Buffalo, New York','Lorton, Virginia',NULL,NULL), (561,'1830',NULL,'Born in Germany. Immigrated to the United States as a child. Paintings show an idealistic view of the American wilderness.
','2009-12-15 08:25:55','2009-12-30 18:29:49','Albert Bierstadt',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1902','410',10,'Solingen, Germany','New York, New York',NULL,NULL), (562,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:55','2009-12-15 08:25:55','Katherine Fullerton Biery',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'411',10,NULL,NULL,'--- \n- Katherine Fullerton Biery\n',NULL), (563,'1901',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:55','2009-12-15 08:25:55','Gerth Biese',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1980','412',10,'Karlsruhe, Germany','Tubingen, Germany',NULL,NULL), (564,'1950',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:55','2009-12-15 08:25:55','Dan Biferie',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'413',10,'Miami, Florida',NULL,'--- \n- Daniel Anthony Biferie, Jr.\n- Dan Biferie, Jr.\n',NULL), (565,'1924',NULL,'"I learned a long time ago that self-dignity and racial pride could be consciously approached through art." — John Biggers, quoted in Elton Fax, Seventeen Black Artists (New York: Dodd, Mead and Company, 1971), 282.
Born in Gastonia, North Carolina, on April 13, 1924, John Biggers was the last of seven children of Paul and Cora Biggers. Biggers' father was a teacher, school principal, and shoemaker; his mother was a homemaker. When John Biggers arrived on the campus of Virginia's Hampton Institute (now Hampton University) in the fall of 1941 his goal was to become a plumber. During his freshman year at Hampton, however, Biggers enrolled in an art class taught by the dynamic educator Viktor Lowenfeld. It was a course that changed his life. Lowenfeld, an Austrian Jew who had moved to the United States to flee Nazi persecution, had gone to Hampton from Harvard University specifically to inspire young African-American students. In his intense instruction, Lowenfeld encouraged his students to explore the culture of their own people. He introduced his students to African sculpture as well as works by noted African-American artists, including Jacob Lawrence's widely acclaimed Migration of the Negro series. At Hampton, Biggers also studied under African-American painter Charles White and sculptor Elizabeth Catlett. These combined experiences awakened a desire in young Biggers to become an artist dedicated to depicting the lives of African-American people. While at Hampton Biggers also met his wife, Hazel, a fellow student whom he married in 1948.
When Viktor Lowenfeld left Hampton to assume a post in the art education department at Pennsylvania State University, he encouraged Biggers, his protégł, to follow. Biggers enrolled in Pennsylvania State University, where from 1946 to 1954 he earned bachelor's and master's degrees in art education as well as a doctorate. While there Biggers felt somewhat isolated during his early years on the predominantly white campus. During holidays and student teaching, however, Biggers had an opportunity to observe and portray urban tenement life among African Americans in Philadelphia.
In 1949 Biggers accepted a position to establish an art department at the newly created Texas State University for Negroes in Houston. Rising to the challenge, Biggers succeeded in inspiring hundreds of young students during his tenure at the school, which was later named Texas Southern University. While working full-time as a teacher and administrator at Texas Southern, Biggers began establishing his reputation as a major African-American artist of the Southwest. One of his earliest large commissions in Texas was a set of illustrations to accompany a book entitled Aunt Dicey Tales by African-American Texan folklorist, J. Mason Brewer. From 1950 to 1956 Biggers painted four murals in African-American communities in Texas, which was the beginning of his interest in this category of painting. Each a major effort, the murals represented for Biggers the broadest methods of making his art accessible to the entire community. Since that time, Biggers has completed many other notable murals in the South and Southwest.
Unlike many African-American artists who made pilgrimages to Paris and other European cities to study, Biggers decided early in his career to visit the land of his ancestors. He made his first trip to West Africa in 1957 through a travel fellowship from UNESCO. His time was spent primarily in Ghana, Togo, Dahomey (now the Republic of Benin), and Nigeria where he was mesmerized by the colorful culture and life of African peoples. Biggers worked feverishly during his initial six-month stay, and produced an enormous body of drawings, paintings, and photographs. An important product of Biggers' African journey was the publication of a book, Ananse, Web of Life in Africa, in 1962. This book of drawings and writing records Biggers' African experience, and was one of the first books to be published by an African-American artist to reflect in narrative and visual terms the writer's kinship with the land of his ancestors.
Between 1969 and 1974 Biggers was severely ill and painted very little. Frustrated and in poor health, Biggers spent the majority of his time reflecting on his past experiences. In 1974 Biggers attended the exhibition, African Art of the Dogon, at the Museum of Fine Arts in Houston, which reawakened his creative talents. He began creating new works that were more abstract, emphasizing the basic and eliminating theincidental. He began assembling his large and impressive collection of African art and surrounded himself with tools and crafts of African Americans, family quilts, and gourds—symbols that appear in Biggers' current works, as do anvils, cooking pots, washboards, and geometric quilt designs, reminiscent of Biggers' early years in North Carolina. Biggers has also developed a series of paintings depicting the characteristic "shotgun houses" of the Carolinas. Equally talented as a draftsman, lithographer, panel painter, and muralist, Biggers has been devoted to the portrayal of African-American culture in his work.
Following his retirement from Texas Southern University in 1983, Biggers entered a new phase of creative energy. Today, his career has come full-circle. In 1990 Biggers returned to his roots at Hampton University as artist-in-residence. There he served as model, mentor, and a source of inspiration for Hampton's students, and instilled in his students some of the same principles he gained there many years before. Recently, Biggers moved to his hometown of Gastonia, North Carolina, to live and work.
Shotgun, Third Ward #1Shotgun, Third Warddepicts a scene from Houston's predominantly African-American Third Ward community where Biggers lived. Houston's Third Ward is an important historical black community still vital today. Painted shortly after almost five years of the artist's recuperation, the work is a fine example of Biggers' commitment to portraying African-American neighborhood scenes. Shotgun, Third Ward is a pivotal painting in the artist's career, as it is one of his earliest to employ three motifs that became ubiquitous symbols in his later works: the wheel, shotgun houses, and a lighted candle.
','2009-12-15 08:25:55','2009-12-15 08:25:55','John Biggers',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2001','414',10,'Gastonia, North Carolina','Houston, Texas','--- \n- John Thomas Biggers\n- John T. Biggers\n',NULL), (566,'1886',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:55','2009-12-15 08:25:55','Walter Biggs',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1968','415',10,'Elliston, Virginia','Roanoke, Virginia',NULL,NULL), (567,'1875',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:55','2009-12-15 08:25:55','Nathan I. Bijur',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1969','416',10,'New York, New York',', New Jersey',NULL,NULL), (568,'1835',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:55','2009-12-15 08:25:55','Frederick William Billing',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1914','417',10,'Eschwege, Germany','Santa Cruz, California','--- \n- Friederich Wilhelm Billing\n- F. W. Billing\n',NULL), (569,'1898',NULL,'Born in Vienna and trained as a painter at the Kunstgewerbeschüle, Joseph Binder's early designs won numerous international competitions that placed his posters in public spaces throughout Europe. A leader in the emerging field of graphic design, Binder felt that posters were "an expression of contemporary civilization reduced to its simplest forms for instantaneous visual communication." In 1933 Binder was invited to serve as a graphic arts lecturer at the Art Institute of Chicago, and within the next few years moved to the United States permanently. He won numerous awards for his poster designs, including national competitions sponsored by the Museum of Modern Art, the United States Navy, the United Nations, the Red Cross, and the 1939 New York Worlds Fair.
','2009-12-15 08:25:55','2009-12-15 08:25:55','Joseph Binder',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1972','418',10,'Vienna, Austria',', Austria',NULL,NULL), (570,'1774',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:55','2009-12-30 18:29:49','Louis Francis de Paul Binsse',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1844','419',10,', France','New York, New York','--- \n- \"Louis Fran\\xC3\\xA7is De Paul Binse\"\n- Louis Binsse\n- Louis Francis De Paul Binsse\n- Louis Binsse de St. Victor\n- Louis Francois Binsse de St. Victor\n- Louis Binsse de Saint Victor\n',NULL), (571,'1755',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:56','2009-12-15 08:25:56','William Birch',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1834','420',10,'Warwickshire, England','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania','--- \n- William Russell Birch\n- William R. Birch\n',NULL), (572,'1880',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:56','2009-12-15 08:25:56','Sir Oswald Birley',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1952','421',10,'Auckland, New Zealand',NULL,'--- \n- Oswald Birley\n- Oswald Hornby Joseph Birley\n- Oswald Birley\n',NULL), (573,'1933',NULL,'Born in New Jersey. Painter known for his New York crowd scenes that convey a sense of panic and urgency.
','2009-12-15 08:25:56','2009-12-30 18:29:49','Robert Birmelin',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'422',10,'Newark, New Jersey',NULL,'--- \n- August Robert Birmelin\n- A. Robert Birmelin\n',NULL), (574,'1916',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:56','2009-12-15 08:25:56','Elmer Bischoff',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1991','424',10,'Berkeley, California','Berkeley, California','--- \n- Elmer Nelson Bischoff\n',NULL), (575,'1843',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:56','2009-12-15 08:25:56','Cesare Biseo',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1909','425',10,'Rome, Italy','Rome, Italy',NULL,NULL), (576,'1883',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:56','2009-12-15 08:25:56','Emily Clayton Bishop',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1912','426',10,'Smithsburg, Maryland','Smithsburg, Maryland','--- \n- Emily C. Bishop\n',NULL), (577,'1902',NULL,'Painter and printmaker. Her preferred subjects were nudes, interiors, and urban landscapes—often Union Square in New York City—inhabited by shoppers and working people. She was a member of the Fourteenth Street School of social realist painters, which included Kenneth Hayes Miller, Reginald Marsh, Morris Kantor, and Moses and Raphael Soyer.
','2009-12-15 08:25:56','2009-12-30 18:29:49','Isabel Bishop',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1988','427',10,'Cincinnati, Ohio','New York, New York','--- \n- I. B. Wolff\n- Harold G. Wolff\n',NULL), (578,'1946',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:56','2009-12-15 08:25:56','Michael Bishop',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'428',10,'Palo Alto, California',NULL,NULL,NULL), (579,'1887',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:56','2009-12-15 08:25:56','Richard E. Bishop',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1975','429',10,'Syracuse, New York',NULL,'--- \n- Richard Evett Bishop\n- Richard Bishop\n- R. E. Bishop\n',NULL), (580,'1839',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:56','2009-12-15 08:25:56','George Edwin Bissell',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1920','430',10,'New Preston, Connecticut','Mount Vernon, New York','--- \n- George E. Bissell\n',NULL), (581,'1895',NULL,'Bisttram, who left his native Hungary as a young boy, began a career as a commercial artist in New York. He then changed direction, studying successively at the National Academy of Design, Cooper Union, the Art Students League, and with Howard Giles at the New York School of Fine and Applied Art. Bisttram developed into an accomplished teacher in his own right during this period. In 1930 he traveled to New Mexico for a three-month stay, finding it difficult to adjust at first to the strong light and color. He then went to Mexico, supported by a Guggenheim grant, to study fresco techniques with Diego Rivera. After returning to Taos (1932), he started the Heptagon Gallery, probably the first commercial gallery in town, and the Taos School of Art, with a decidedly avant-garde curriculum. Bisttram's own style, which reflected the extent of his taste and interest, ranged from a broad, calm 1930s classicism to cosmic abstractions based on Jay Hambidge's Dynamic Symmetry theory. In 1938 Bisttram founded the New Mexico Transcendental Artists group and in 1952 cofounded the Taos Art Association.
','2009-12-15 08:25:56','2009-12-30 18:29:49','Emil Bisttram',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1976','431',10,'Nadlac?, Hungary','Taos, New Mexico','--- \n- Emil James Bisttram\n- Emil J. Bisttram\n',NULL), (582,'1867',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:56','2009-12-15 08:25:56','Karl Bitter',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1915','432',10,'Vienna, Austria','New York, New York','--- \n- Karl Theodore Francis Bitter\n- Karl Theodore Bitter\n- Karl T. F. Bitter\n- Karl T. Bitter\n',NULL), (583,'1933',NULL,'Throughout his life Arnold Bittleman was dedicated to drawing. A student at the Rhode Island School of Design in the early 1950s, Bittleman received his B.F.A. degree from Yale University then spent a year abroad on an Alice Kimball English Traveling Fellowship before completing his graduate work in New Haven. His deep respect for Old Master draughtsmen—Leonardo, Durer, and Goya, among them—coupled with the teachings of Josef Albers helped Bittleman determine his future directions. Bittleman believed drawing to be a process of thought, and not simply the transcription of observed images—a concept he pursued both as an artist and as a teacher at various institutions (including Yale, Minneapolis School of Art, and Union College in Schenectady from 1966 until his death).
','2009-12-15 08:25:56','2009-12-15 08:25:56','Arnold Bittleman',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1985','433',10,'New York, New York','Cambridge, New York','--- \n- Arnold Irwin Bittleman\n- Arnold I. Bittleman\n',NULL), (584,'1913',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:56','2009-12-15 08:25:56','Harold Black',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1993','434',10,'New York, New York','Mexico City, Mexico',NULL,NULL), (585,'1887',NULL,'In the 1920s LaVerne Nelson Black lived briefly in Taos, where he studied and sketched the traditions of nomadic Indian tribes such as the Navajo and Apache. In the 1930s he moved to Phoenix, working as an illustrator and commercial artist.
','2009-12-15 08:25:56','2009-12-15 08:25:56','LaVerne Nelson Black',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1939','435',10,'Viola, Wisconsin','Chicago, Illinois','--- \n- Laverne Nelson Black\n',NULL), (586,'1902',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:56','2009-12-15 08:25:56','Morris Blackburn',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1979','436',10,'Philadelphia, Pennsylvania','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania','--- \n- Morris Atkinson Blackburn\n- M. Atkinson Blackburn\n- Blackie\n',NULL), (587,'1864',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:56','2009-12-15 08:25:56','Harriet Blackstone',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1939','437',10,'New Hartford, New York','New York, New York',NULL,NULL), (588,'1918',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:56','2009-12-15 08:25:56','Ronald Bladen',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1988','438',10,'Vancouver, Canada','New York, New York','--- \n- Charles Ronald Wells Bladen\n',NULL), (589,'1911',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:56','2009-12-15 08:25:56','Mary Robinson Blair',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1979','439',10,'McAllister, Oklahoma','Santa Cruz, California','--- \n- Mary Blair\n',NULL), (590,'1847',NULL,'1864–66, attended Free Academy of New York. Self-taught as an artist. Exhibited at National Academy of Design, New York, 1867–73. 1869–72, traveled alone in the West, spending much time among Indians. Sketches from this trip, enhanced by imagination, became primary source of his imagery. Married Cora Rebecca Bailey in 1877.
Exhibited at National Academy, 1879–88. Received awards from National Academy, 1889, and Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, 1892. 1891, first mental breakdown. Desperately poor, could scarcely support his large family. Another breakdown 12 September 1899, the day his ninth child was born; hospitalized in a New York State asylum until 1916. Transferred to New Jersey sanitarium, where he had a studio, 1916–18. During his incarceration, was elected academician of National Academy of Design (1916). Returned to New York asylum, 1918–19. His by-then popular work much forged during these years. Removed by legal guardian to private cottage in Adirondacks, July 1919. Somewhat regained sanity, but died 19 August 1919.
','2009-12-15 08:25:56','2009-12-15 08:25:56','Ralph Albert Blakelock',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1919','441',10,'New York, New York',', New York','--- \n- Ralph Blakelock\n- Ralph A. Blakelock\n',NULL), (591,'1896',NULL,'Realist painter in the style of his teachers, Kenneth Hayes Miller, John Sloan and Robert Henri. An active member of the artists' colony in Woodstock, N.Y., he painted information portraits and landscapes.
','2009-12-15 08:25:56','2009-12-15 08:25:56','Arnold Blanch',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1968','442',10,'Mantorville, Minnesota','Kingston, New York',NULL,NULL), (592,'1895',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:56','2009-12-15 08:25:56','Lucile Blanch',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1981','443',10,'Hawley, Minnesota','Kingston, New York','--- \n- Lucille Blanch\n- Lucile Lunquist Blanch\n- Lucile Lundquist-Blanch\n- Lucille Lundquist-Blanch\n',NULL), (593,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:56','2009-12-15 08:25:56','Auguste Blanchard',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'444',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (594,'1808',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:56','2009-12-15 08:25:56','Washington Blanchard',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1855','445',10,'Cambridge, Massachusetts','Boston, Massachusetts',NULL,NULL), (595,'1935',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:56','2009-12-15 08:25:56','Jeffrey Blankfort',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'446',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (596,'1924',NULL,'Known as a painter and printmaker, Al Blaustein received his formal art training at Cooper Union following three years of active military duty during World War II. Commissions for Life magazine and the British Overseas Food Corporation in East Africa in 1948 and 1949, followed by a three-year Prix de Rome fellowship and grants from the American Academy of Arts and Letters and the Guggenheim foundation, enabled Blaustein to travel extensively throughout the fifties. In his early work Blaustein concentrated on texture and patterning and built compositions with small, detailed elements, but broadened his approach after working on a mural in 1952. A painter of landscapes, studio interiors, and figure subjects, Blaustein seeks to reveal essentials and is concerned less with specific information about appearance and locale than with mood-evoking contrasts of light and dark, form and line.
','2009-12-15 08:25:56','2009-12-15 08:25:56','Al Blaustein',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2004','448',10,'New York, New York','New York, New York',NULL,NULL), (597,'1875',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:56','2009-12-15 08:25:56','Alma Hirsig Bliss',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'451',10,'Bern, Switzerland',NULL,NULL,NULL), (598,'1882',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:56','2009-12-15 08:25:56','Albert Bloch',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1961','452',10,'St. Louis, Missouri','Lawrence, Kansas',NULL,NULL), (599,'1888',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:56','2009-12-15 08:25:56','Julius Block',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1966','453',10,'Kehl, Germany','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania','--- \n- Julius Thiengen Block\n- Julius T. Block\n',NULL), (600,'1908',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:56','2009-12-15 08:25:56','Walton Blodgett',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1963','454',10,'Cleveland, Ohio','Stowe, Vermont','--- \n- Edmund Walton Blodgett\n- Edmund Blodgett\n',NULL), (601,'1888',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:56','2009-12-15 08:25:56','Adolphe W. Blondheim',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1969','455',10,'Baltimore, Maryland','Baltimore, Maryland','--- \n- Adolphe Blondheim\n- Adolphe Wiener Blondheim\n',NULL), (602,'1913',NULL,'Bloom and his parents immigrated to Boston from Brunoviski, Lithuania, following World War I. Bloom was a precocious draughtsman and, while still in high school, began studies with Harold Zimmerman at the West End Community Center where he met lifelong friend Jack Levine. Denman Ross, a color theorist and Harvard professor emeritus, took the young artists under his wing, rented a studio for them and provided small weekly allowances. During the 1930s, through intermittent employment on the WPA and support from several dealers, Bloom avoided the confines of a full-time job and, along with Levine and German-born Karl Zerbe, became known as a Boston Expressionist. Bloom is at heart a mystic and philosopher, a private individual intrigued by ideas of reincarnation, Jewish tradition, Eastern philosophy, and the occult. In his paintings, and in the drawings that occupied him primarily from the 1950s until the late 1970s, Bloom deals with themes of life and death and with human emotional conflict.
','2009-12-15 08:25:56','2009-12-15 08:25:56','Hyman Bloom',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009','457',10,'Brunoviski, Lithuania','Nashua, New Hampshire','--- \n- Hyman Melamed\n',NULL), (603,'1906',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:56','2009-12-15 08:25:56','John Bloom',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2002','458',10,'DeWitt, Iowa','Davenport, Iowa','--- \n- John Bloom\n- John Vincent Bloom\n- John Bloom, Jr.\n',NULL), (604,'1938',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:56','2009-12-15 08:25:56','Blue Sky',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'459',10,'Columbia, South Carolina',NULL,'--- \n- Warren Edward Johnson\n',NULL), (605,'1921',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:56','2009-12-15 08:25:56','Norman Bluhm',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1999','460',10,'Chicago, Illinois','East Wallingford, Vermont',NULL,NULL), (606,'1950',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:56','2009-12-15 08:25:56','Andrea Blum',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'461',10,'New York, New York',NULL,NULL,NULL), (607,'1884',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:56','2009-12-15 08:25:56','Jerome Blum',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1956','462',10,'Chicago, Illinois','Poughkeepsie, New York','--- \n- Jerome S. Blum\n',NULL), (608,'1857',NULL,'A native of Cincinnati, Blum studied drawing with Frank Duveneck while still a youth. At the age of sixteen, he was first exposed to Japanese art and crafts, an interest that remained with him throughout his life. Another major influence on his work was the popular Spanish genre painter Mariano Fortuny, whose brilliant colors and dashing brushwork had great appeal for him. Among Blum's associates he was playfully called "Blumtuny."
In 1879, Blum joined his friend William Merritt Chase in Venice. During his two-year stay he was neighbor to James McNeill Whistler, who instructed Blum in the principles of Japanese design and also encouraged his use of pastels, a medium that Whistler was then using with extraordinary results. Blum later observed, "I know [Whistler] well. He is a very nice man," an opinion not widely shared at the time.
Pastel indeed was a medium well suited to the suggestiveness and rapid notation of Blum's technique. Blum and his good friend Chase became the preeminent exponents of pastel technique in America, and together they founded the Society of Painters in Pastels, an organization that was instrumental in hastening acceptance of the impressionist aesthetic on these shores. Oscar Wilde, a great admirer of Blum's work, told him, "your exquisite pastels give me the sensation of eating yellow satin."
While living in Venice, Blum sought out subject matter in the less frequented quarters of the city. Venetian Lace Makers (1887), his first important canvas, painted in Burano, won him several medals and an associate membership in the National Academy of Design. With loose brushwork, a dark palette, and dramatic contrasts, the canvas depicts two young women deeply concentrating on their demanding task.
Years later, a professional commission at last took him to Japan, "the most glorious experience I have ever had," he reported. Not long after, at the age of forty-six, Blum died of pneumonia, his promising career ended.
','2009-12-15 08:25:57','2009-12-15 08:25:57','Robert Frederick Blum',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1903','463',10,'Cincinnati, Ohio','New York, New York','--- \n- Robert Blum\n',NULL), (609,'1906',NULL,'Painter. A highly original artist whose imaginative juxtaposition of the surrealistic and everyday always evokes strong critical reactions. Parade (1930), for example, depicts a workman carrying medieval armor on a pole past a factory. He gained widespread attention in 1934 with South of Scranton, first-prize winner at the Carnegie International Exhibition.
','2009-12-15 08:25:57','2009-12-30 18:29:50','Peter Blume',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1992','464',10,'Smorgon, Russia','New Milford, Connecticut',NULL,NULL), (610,'1874',NULL,'Painter and one of the founders of the Taos Society of Artists in Taos, N. M. For many years he divided his time between New York City—where he worked as an illustrator and taught at the Art Students League—and Taos, finally moving to the West in 1919. His landscapes often depicted Native-American and Mexican-American subjects.
','2009-12-15 08:25:57','2009-12-30 18:29:50','Ernest L. Blumenschein',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1960','465',10,'Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania','Albuquerque, New Mexico','--- \n- Ernest Leonard Blumenschein\n- Ernest Blumenschein\n',NULL), (611,'1913',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:57','2009-12-15 08:25:57','Fritz Blumenthal',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2002','466',10,'Mainz, Germany','Middletown, New York','--- \n- Fritz Blumenthal\n',NULL), (612,'1905',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:57','2009-12-15 08:25:57','Hermann Blumenthal',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1942','467',10,'Essen, Germany',NULL,NULL,NULL), (613,'1941',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:57','2009-12-15 08:25:57','Stephen Blumrich',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'468',10,'Gotha, Germany',NULL,NULL,NULL), (614,'1746',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:57','2009-12-15 08:25:57','Benjamin Blythe',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1786','469',10,'Salem, Massachusetts',NULL,NULL,NULL), (615,'1815',NULL,'"… I have grown
Almost gray and half-demented
In trying to find some place where I could
Get acquainted
Some place where man and man might dwell
Together in unity, and not tell
Lies on one another. …
I've never found
Such place. And though I 've hunted 'round
Perhaps with goggles on, I'll jist
Bet my life it don 't exist
On top of ground."
—David Gilmour Blythe (in a letter to Hugh Gorley, 1857)
In 1856 David Gilmour Blythe was at the pivotal point of his artistic career. He had just moved to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, from East Liverpool, Ohio, his hometown, to which he had returned but two years earlier after several years of wandering in the Midwest insearch of a place where he might peacefully settle. His need for a haven was acute, for in the years between 1850 and 1852 he had been buffeted by the deaths of his wife and father, and the dismal failure of an ambitious moving panorama on which he had staked both his financial security and his professional reputation. Embittered by his losses and by what he felt was pervasive social and political corruption, Blythe had by 1856 begun to turn away from the portraiture on which he had survived for the previous sixteen years, and had started instead to focus on images that satirized the folly and turpitude of mankind.
The Pittsburgh to which he turned was not a haven, but instead a place of social turmoil, economically depressed yet crowded with immigrants whose poverty and ignorance were ripe targets for manipulation and abuse. Crime, from petty truancy to murder and arson, was increasing rapidly, and while social and educational reforms were being debated from both pulpitand council chamber, scores of neglected children continued to roam the streets.
In the larger national picture, it was a time of complex political ferment. New alliances were being formed, like the Know-Nothings, who were declaratively anti-immigrant and anti-Catholic; the Republican Party, from which Abraham Lincoln was soon to emerge, held its first convention in Pittsburgh in 1856, and had already begun to address those impassioned issues that would lead the country into a devastating internal conflict.
It was thus that in Pittsburgh, in which population growth exceeded opportunities foremployment, even though booming industry still covered the city with an impenetrable andchoking cloud of soot, Blythe found an inexhaustible source of material for his sardonic wit. Other artists who were his contemporaries could prosper in their endless variations on reassuring themes; Blythe's acute sense of human error and depravity revealed a very different picture ofAmerican civilization on the eve of the Civil War.
','2009-12-15 08:25:57','2009-12-15 08:25:57','David Gilmour Blythe',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1865','470',10,'East Liverpool, Ohio','Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania','--- \n- David G. Blythe\n',NULL), (616,'1878',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:57','2009-12-15 08:25:57','Rosina Cox Boardman',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1970','471',10,'New York, New York','Huntington, New York','--- \n- R. C. Boardman\n',NULL), (617,'1902',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:57','2009-12-15 08:25:57','Lowell Stanley Bobleter',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1973','472',10,'New Ulm, Minnesota',NULL,'--- \n- Lowell Bobleter\n',NULL), (618,'1899',NULL,'Often called just "Peter Charlie," Besharo was a handyman and house painter in Leechburg, Pennsylvania. He lived a solitary life, and his activities as an artist remained undiscovered until his death. At that time, sixty-nine paintings were found in a garage he had rented behind a hardware store. His work reflects many themes—space, religion, Armenian folk motifs, American history, and demons, as well as other ideas from his subconscious. Here a chained, peasant-dressed version of Lady Liberty blasts across a blue void. [LADY LIBERTY OF 1953 TO 1962? 1986.65.100] A headlamp guides her on a mission that Besharo's inscriptions and images do not clarify. One can speculate, however, that he may have been inspired by events such as the death of Stalin in 1953, the Cuban missile crisis, or John Glenn's orbit of the earth in 1962.
','2009-12-15 08:25:57','2009-12-15 08:25:57','Peter "Charlie" Attie Besharo',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1960','473',10,', Syria','Kittanning, Pennsylvania','--- \n- Peter Attie Besharo\n- Peter Charlie Bochero\n- Peter Charlie Besharo\n- Peter Besharo\n',NULL), (619,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:57','2009-12-15 08:25:57','E. Bocquet',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'474',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (620,'1947',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:57','2009-12-15 08:25:57','Raya Bodnarchuk',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'475',10,'New York, New York',NULL,NULL,NULL), (621,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:57','2009-12-15 08:25:57','Henry Boese',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'476',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (622,'1804',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:57','2009-12-15 08:25:57','Margaret Maclay Bogardus',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1878','477',10,NULL,NULL,'--- \n- Margaret Maclay\n- James Bogardus\n- Margaret Bogardus\n',NULL), (623,'1905',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:57','2009-12-15 08:25:57','Paul Bogatay',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1972','478',10,'Ava, Ohio','Hyannis, Massachusetts','--- \n- Paul Josef Bogatay\n',NULL), (624,'1864',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:57','2009-12-15 08:25:57','George H. Bogert',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1944','479',10,'New York, New York','New York, New York','--- \n- George Bogert\n- George Hirst Bogert\n- George Henry Bogert\n',NULL), (625,'1894',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:57','2009-12-15 08:25:57','Nounoufar Boghosian',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1981','480',10,'Istanbul, Turkey',', ',NULL,NULL), (626,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:57','2009-12-15 08:25:57','Claude Bogratchew',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'481',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (627,'1917',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:57','2009-12-15 08:25:57','Rev. Maceptaw Bogun',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1995','482',10,'New York, New York','New York, New York','--- \n- Rev. Mac\n',NULL), (628,'1907',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:57','2009-12-15 08:25:57','Walter E. Bohl',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1990','483',10,'Columbus, Wisconsin','Scottsdale, Arizona','--- \n- Walter Erwin Bohl\n- Walter Bohl\n',NULL), (629,'1868',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:57','2009-12-15 08:25:57','Max Bohm',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1923','484',10,'Cleveland, Ohio','Provincetown, Massachusetts',NULL,NULL), (630,'1907',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:57','2009-12-15 08:25:57','Aaron Bohrod',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1992','485',10,'Chicago, Illinois','Madison, Wisconsin',NULL,NULL); INSERT INTO `artists` (`id`,`date_of_birth`,`media`,`biography`,`created_at`,`updated_at`,`name`,`image_id`,`image_url`,`image_external`,`summary`,`website`,`blog`,`date_of_death`,`external_id`,`museum_id`,`birth_place`,`death_place`,`aliases`,`cached_tag_list`) VALUES (631,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:57','2009-12-15 08:25:57','J. N. Boillet',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'486',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (632,'1616',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:57','2009-12-15 08:25:57','Ferdinand Bol',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1680','487',10,'Dordrecht, Netherlands','Amsterdam, Netherlands',NULL,NULL), (633,'1902',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:57','2009-12-15 08:25:57','Joseph E. Bolden',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1979','488',10,'Meyersdale, Pennsylvania','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania','--- \n- Joseph Bolden\n',NULL), (634,'1907',NULL,'Born in Russia, Ilya Bolotowsky lived through World War I and the Russian Revolution, then fled to the United States while still a teenager. The violent upheavals of his early life led to his search for "an ideal harmony and order … a free order, not militaristic, not symmetrical, not goose-stepping, not academic."
','2009-12-15 08:25:57','2009-12-30 18:29:51','Ilya Bolotowsky',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1981','489',10,'St. Petersburg, Russia','New York, New York',NULL,NULL), (635,'1889',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:57','2009-12-15 08:25:57','Theodore Bolton',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1973','490',10,'Columbia, South Carolina','Miami, Florida',NULL,NULL), (636,'1939',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:57','2009-12-15 08:25:57','Maude Boltz',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'491',10,'Pottsville, Pennsylvania',NULL,NULL,NULL), (637,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:57','2009-12-15 08:25:57','Carman Bonanno',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'492',10,', New York',NULL,'--- \n- Carmen Bonanno\n',NULL), (638,'1931',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:57','2009-12-15 08:25:57','Howard Bond',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'493',10,'Napoleon, Ohio',NULL,NULL,NULL), (639,'1918',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:57','2009-12-15 08:25:57','Edith Bondie',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2005','494',10,'Mikado, Michigan','Hubbard Lake, Michigan',NULL,NULL), (640,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:57','2009-12-15 08:25:57','Bone',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'495',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (641,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:57','2009-12-15 08:25:57','J. Bonito',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'496',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (642,'1833',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:57','2009-12-30 18:29:51','Leon Bonnat',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1922','498',10,'Bayonne, France','Monchy-St-Eloi, France','--- \n- Leon Joseph Florentin Bonnat\n- \"L\\xC3\\xA9on Joseph Florentin Bonnat\"\n',NULL), (643,'1948',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:57','2009-12-15 08:25:57','Wilburn Bonnell III',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'499',10,'Shelbyville, Illinois',NULL,'--- \n- Wilburn Otto Bonnell III\n- Bill Bonnell\n- Wilburn Bonnell\n',NULL), (644,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:57','2009-12-15 08:25:57','A. Bonnetain',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'500',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (645,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:57','2009-12-15 08:25:57','Francois Bonneville',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'501',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (646,'1931',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:57','2009-12-15 08:25:57','Lee Bontecou',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'502',10,'Providence, Rhode Island',NULL,NULL,NULL), (647,'1911',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:57','2009-12-15 08:25:57','Jack Bookbinder',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1990','503',10,'Odessa, Russia','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',NULL,NULL), (648,'1872',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:57','2009-12-15 08:25:57','Edward Borein',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1945','505',10,'San Leandro, California','Santa Barbara, California','--- \n- John Edward Borein\n- Ed Borein\n',NULL), (649,'1935',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:57','2009-12-15 08:25:57','Naomi Boretz',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'506',10,'New York, New York',NULL,'--- \n- Naomi Messinger\n',NULL), (650,'1879',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:57','2009-12-15 08:25:57','Carl Oscar Borg',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1947','507',10,'Grinstad, Sweden','Santa Barbara, California','--- \n- Carl O. Borg\n',NULL), (651,'1867',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:57','2009-12-15 08:25:57','Gutzon Borglum',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1941','508',10,'Bear Lake, Idaho','Chicago, Illinois','--- \n- John Gutzon de la Mothe Borglum\n- John Gutzon Borglum\n',NULL), (652,'1868',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:57','2009-12-15 08:25:57','Solon H. Borglum',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1922','509',10,'Ogden, Utah','Stamford, Connecticut','--- \n- Solon Hannibal Borglum\n- Solon Borglum\n',NULL), (653,'1900',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:57','2009-12-15 08:25:57','Mortimer Borne',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1987','511',10,'Rypin, Poland','Nyack, New York',NULL,NULL), (654,'1948',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:57','2009-12-15 08:25:57','Dennis Bosch',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'512',10,'Cincinnati, Ohio',NULL,NULL,NULL), (655,'1944',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:57','2009-12-15 08:25:57','Richard Bosman',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'514',10,'Madras, India',NULL,NULL,NULL), (656,'1602',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:57','2009-12-15 08:25:57','Abraham Bosse',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1676','515',10,'Tours, France','Paris, France',NULL,NULL), (657,'1885',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:57','2009-12-15 08:25:57','Winifred Bosworth',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'517',10,'Elgin, Illinois',NULL,NULL,NULL), (658,'1887',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:58','2009-12-15 08:25:58','Cornelis Botke',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1954','519',10,'Leeuwarden, Netherlands','Santa Paula, California','--- \n- Cornelius Botke\n',NULL), (659,'1938',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:58','2009-12-15 08:25:58','Pauline Boty',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1966','521',10,'London, England',NULL,NULL,NULL), (660,'1875',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:58','2009-12-15 08:25:58','Henri Bouchard',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1960','522',10,'Dijon, France','Paris, France','--- \n- Henri Louis Bouchard\n- Louis Henri Bouchard\n- Henri Bouchard\n',NULL), (661,'1896',NULL,'Painter, muralist and teacher at the Art Students League and the National Academy of Design. In the 1920s he managed Wanamaker's Belmaison Galleries, the first modern art gallery in a department store in New York City.
','2009-12-15 08:25:58','2009-12-15 08:25:58','Louis Bouche',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1969','523',10,'New York, New York','Pittsfield, Massachusetts',NULL,NULL), (662,'1853',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:58','2009-12-15 08:25:58','Joseph-Felix Bouchor',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1937','524',10,'Paris, France','Paris, France','--- \n- Joseph Felix Bouchor\n',NULL), (663,'1748',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:58','2009-12-15 08:25:58','David Boudon',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1816','525',10,'Geneva, Switzerland',NULL,'--- \n- Boudet Bourdon\n',NULL), (664,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:58','2009-12-15 08:25:58','Dacre F. Boulton',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'526',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (665,'1797',NULL,'Born and lived in Charleston, South Carolina. Artist, teacher whose crayon portraits and miniature paintings were locally popular, but whose main occupation was accounting.
','2009-12-15 08:25:58','2009-12-15 08:25:58','Henry Brintnell Bounetheau',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1877','527',10,'Charleston, South Carolina','Charleston, South Carolina','--- \n- Henry Bounetheau\n- Henry B. Bounetheau\n',NULL), (666,'1951',NULL,'Born and lives in Louisiana. Figurative artist, one of the new "visionary imagists" of the American South, whose preferred medium is oil on wood.
','2009-12-15 08:25:58','2009-12-15 08:25:58','Douglas Bourgeois',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'529',10,'Gonzales, Louisiana',NULL,NULL,NULL), (667,'1911',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:58','2009-12-15 08:25:58','Louise Bourgeois',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'530',10,'Paris, France',NULL,NULL,NULL), (668,'1868',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:58','2009-12-15 08:25:58','Gertrude Beals Bourne',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1962','531',10,'Boston, Massachusetts','Boston, Massachusetts','--- \n- Frank A. Bourne\n- Gertrude B. Bourne\n- Frank Augustus Bourne\n',NULL), (669,'1907',NULL,'A native of California, Harry Bowden began his art studies at the Los Angeles Art Institute and later worked in commercial advertising. Between 1928 and 1931, Bowden divided his time between the National Academy of Design, the Art Students League in New York, and the Chouinard School of Art in Los Angeles. He soon became dissatisfied with academic training: "It made art too much of a craft. You win a prize and pretty soon you have a home in the country and it becomes a routine business."(1) In 1931, after a summer class with Hans Hofmann at the University of California at Berkeley, Bowden determined to pursue painting seriously. He made his way to New York working as a petty officer on a merchant ship. By 1934, he was again studying with Hofmann. The following year he became one of Hofmann's assistants and was friendly with George McNeil, Albert Swinden, Wilfrid Zogbaum, Ad Reinhardt, and Willem de Kooning. In 1937 and 1938, he painted two murals for the Williamsburg Housing Project.
Bowden's New York work prior to 1940 reflects his fascination with a broad range of abstract themes, some of which, like Untitled: Nude, have a figurative basis, while others, as Number 47 (Untitled Abstraction), avoid reference to recognizable elements. Throughout his work from these years, however, runs evidence of Hofmann's teachings and an abiding interest in Cubism.(2) The unsigned catalogue statement for the 1940 exhibition of Bowden, McNeil, and Swinden at the New School for Social Research stresses the significance of abstract concepts, whether or not recognizable objects appeared in their work: "In each [work] an idea has been adapted to the elements of painting. . . ." Pure nonobjectivity, like pure representation, was sterile ground: "An artist who only portrays a geometric arrangement of colored forms he has in mind, contributes nothing more than the artist who tries to copy nature. They show us the possibilities of a painting, but do not fulfill the promise. . . . A painting embraces many ideas, symbols, forms, tones, and colors, but all are resolved into a new thing. The metamorphosis makes the painting real—gives it a life of its own."(3)
In New York, Bowden achieved recognition through exhibitions of his paintings at the non-profit Artists' Gallery (1938–46), the Egan Gallery, the Reinhardt Gallery, and the New School for Social Research. His fashion and commercial photography was also well received.(4)
In 1942, after the United States entered World War II, Bowden returned to California to become a shipfitter. Although he continued to show in New York, and periodically visited there, Sausalito became his permanent home. Following the war, photography again became an important part of his life. From the mid 1950s until his premature death of a heart attack in 1965, he concentrated, in both photography and painting, on the figure. An admirer of Edward Weston, of whom he made an unfinished film called Wildcat Hill Revisited, perhaps Bowden remains best known for photographs of sensual female nudes inlandscape settings and portraits of jazzmusicians, writers, and other painters.
1. "Artist Tells Why He is Anti-Academic," Sausalito Independent Journal, 13 January 1951, sec. M7; Harry Bowden Papers, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., roll 1882.
2. Although never a Cubist, Bowden'sideas about abstract art are colored by his appreciation for Cubism. His notebooks are sprinkled with quotations by Juan Gris, Georges Braque, Picasso, and others. Firsthand contact with Fernand Léger, whom he (along with McNeil, de Kooning, and others) assisted on an unrealized mural project for the French Line terminal in New York in 1936, further cemented his commitment to abstraction based on objects, although he continued to do nonobjective work occasionally over the next several years.
3. "Paintings: Bowden, McNeil, Swinden," Exhibition brochure (New York, New School for Social Research, 1940); in Bowden Papers, Archives of American Art,roll 1892: 111.
4. The Artists' Gallery, where a number of members of the American Abstract Artists exhibited, was formed in 1936 to exhibit the work of "mature contemporary artists, so that their work could be seen by the public. . . and picked up by commercial sales galleries." Supported by voluntary contributions, the gallery charged no fee to the artist and did not receive a portion of sales proceeds for the exhibitions. Among the original sponsors of the gallery were Clive Bell, C .J. Bulliett, Fiske Kimbel, Walter Pach, Frank Jewett Mather, Jr., Audrey McMahon, Paul Sachs, Meyer Schapiro, and James JohnsonSweeney.
','2009-12-15 08:25:58','2009-12-15 08:25:58','Harry Bowden',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1965','532',10,'Los Angeles, California','Sausalito, California','--- \n- Henri Bowden\n',NULL), (670,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:58','2009-12-15 08:25:58','John T. Bowen',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'533',10,', England',', ','--- \n- J. T. Bowen\n',NULL), (671,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:58','2009-12-15 08:25:58','John T. Bowen and Company',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'534',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (672,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:58','2009-12-15 08:25:58','R. Bowen',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'535',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (673,'1903',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:58','2009-12-15 08:25:58','Harold Bowler',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1965','536',10,'Syracuse, New York','Doylestown, Pennsylvania','--- \n- Harold Thomas Bowler\n- Harold T. Bowler\n',NULL), (674,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:58','2009-12-15 08:25:58','F. C. Boyd',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'537',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (675,'1895',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:58','2009-12-15 08:25:58','Fiske Boyd',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1975','538',10,'Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',NULL,NULL,NULL), (676,'1942',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:58','2009-12-15 08:25:58','Frank Boyden',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'539',10,'Portland, Oregon',NULL,'--- \n- Frank Davis Boyden\n',NULL), (677,'1879',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:58','2009-12-15 08:25:58','Ralph Ludwig Boyer',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1952','540',10,'Camden, New Jersey','Norwalk, Connecticut','--- \n- Ralph Boyer\n- Ralph L. Boyer\n',NULL), (678,'1930',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:58','2009-12-15 08:25:58','Keith Boyle',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'541',10,'Defiance, Ohio',NULL,NULL,NULL), (679,'1865',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:58','2009-12-15 08:25:58','Olga Boznanska',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1945','542',10,'Krakow, Poland',NULL,'--- \n- Helene Olga Boznanska\n- Olga De Boznanska\n',NULL), (680,'1898',NULL,'Figure and portrait painter. He held portrait commissions from the du Ponts, Helen Morgan and the Lindberghs. His work characteristically combined still lifes with portraiture.
','2009-12-15 08:25:58','2009-12-15 08:25:58','Robert Brackman',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1980','543',10,'Odessa, Russia','New London, Connecticut',NULL,NULL), (681,'1898',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:58','2009-12-15 08:25:58','Francis Scott Bradford',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1961','544',10,'Appleton, Wisconsin',NULL,'--- \n- Francis S. Bradford\n',NULL), (682,'1823',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:58','2009-12-15 08:25:58','William Bradford',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1892','545',10,'Fairhaven, Massachusetts','New York, New York',NULL,NULL), (683,'1954',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:58','2009-12-15 08:25:58','David P. Bradley',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'546',10,'Eureka, California',NULL,'--- \n- David Paul Bradley\n',NULL), (684,'1868',NULL,'Born in Boston, Will Bradley was largely self-taught as an artist. He began working in a printer's shop at the age of twelve in Ishpeming, Michigan, where his mother had moved in 1874 after the death of his father. This work experience would be important in introducing the young man to the many issues of typesetting, advertisements, and layout that would occupy him in the years to come.
Bradley executed a number of designs to promote The Chap-Book, a short-lived but important publication based in Chicago. His 1894 design for Chap-Book, titled The Twins, has been called the first American Art Nouveau poster; this and other posters for the magazine brought him widespread recognition and popularity. In 1895 Bradley founded the Wayside Press in Springfield, Massachusetts, and published a monthly arts periodical, Bradley: His Book. He remained an active and important member of the graphic arts world for the rest of his long life.
Bradley was well acquainted with the stylistic innovations of his European counterparts. Like many French artists, he borrowed stylistic elements from Japanese prints, working in flat, broad color planes and cropped forms. He appropriated the whiplash curves of the Art Nouveau movement so dominant in Europe at the turn of the century and was influenced by the work of the English illustrator Aubrey Beardsley.
','2009-12-15 08:25:58','2009-12-15 08:25:58','Will H. Bradley',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1962','547',10,'Boston, Massachusetts','La Jolla, California','--- \n- William Henry Bradley\n- William H. Bradley\n- Will Bradley\n- W. H. Bradley\n',NULL), (685,'1880',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:58','2009-12-15 08:25:58','George A. Bradshaw',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1968','548',10,'Trenton, New Jersey','Trenton, New Jersey','--- \n- G. Bradshaw\n- G. A. Bradshaw\n',NULL), (686,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:58','2009-12-15 08:25:58','H. J. Brand',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'549',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (687,'1911',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:58','2009-12-15 08:25:58','Dayton Brandfield',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1993','550',10,NULL,'Grover Beach, California',NULL,NULL), (688,'1898',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:58','2009-12-15 08:25:58','Karl C. Brandner',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1961','551',10,', Illinois','Berwyn, Illinois','--- \n- Karl Brandner\n',NULL), (689,'1914',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:58','2009-12-15 08:25:58','Rex Brandt',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2000','552',10,'San Diego, California','Newport Beach, California','--- \n- Rexford Elson Brandt\n- Rexford Brandt\n- Rexford E. Brandt\n',NULL), (690,'1918',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:58','2009-12-15 08:25:58','Warren Brandt',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2002','553',10,'Greensboro, North Carolina','Sykesville, Maryland',NULL,NULL), (691,'1933',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:58','2009-12-15 08:25:58','Jim Bray',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'554',10,'Greenville, South Carolina',NULL,'--- \n- James L. Bray, Jr.\n',NULL), (692,'1910',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:58','2009-12-15 08:25:58','Wendell Brazeau',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1974','555',10,'Spokane, Washington','Seattle, Washington','--- \n- Wendell Phillips Brazeau\n',NULL), (693,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:58','2009-12-15 08:25:58','Bartholomeus Breenburgh',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'556',10,'Deventer, Netherlands','Amsterdam, Netherlands','--- \n- Bartholomeus Breenbergh\n- Bartholomaus Breenbergh\n- Bartholomaus Breenberg\n- Bartholomaus Breenberch\n- Bartholomaus Breenborch\n',NULL), (694,'1876',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:58','2009-12-15 08:25:58','Charles H. Breed',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1950','557',10,'Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania','Newton, New Jersey','--- \n- Charles Henry Breed\n- Charles Breed\n',NULL), (695,'1926',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:58','2009-12-15 08:25:58','Robert Breer',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'558',10,'Detroit, Michigan',NULL,'--- \n- Robert C. Breer\n- Bob Breer\n',NULL), (696,'1908',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:58','2009-12-15 08:25:58','Raymond Breinin',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2000','559',10,'Vitebsk, Russia','Scarsdale, New York',NULL,NULL), (697,'1948',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:58','2009-12-15 08:25:58','Cornelia Breitenbach',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1984','560',10,'Munich, Germany','Beverly Hills, California',NULL,NULL), (698,'1889',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:58','2009-12-15 08:25:58','M. V. Breitmayer',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1966','561',10,', Michigan',', California','--- \n- M. Vern Breitmayer\n',NULL), (699,'1858',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:58','2009-12-15 08:25:58','Jean Louis Bremond',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1943','562',10,'Paris, France','Paris, France',NULL,NULL), (700,'1885',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:58','2009-12-15 08:25:58','Michael Brenner',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1969','563',10,'Shavli, Lithuania',', ',NULL,NULL), (701,'1909',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:58','2009-12-15 08:25:58','Leo Breslau',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2005','564',10,'New York, New York','Pompano Beach, Florida',NULL,NULL), (702,'1856',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:58','2009-12-15 08:25:58','Louise Breslau',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1927','565',10,'Munich, Germany','Neuilly, France','--- \n- Marie Louise Catherine Breslau\n- Louise Catherine Breslau\n',NULL), (703,'1902',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:58','2009-12-15 08:25:58','Marcel Breuer',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1981','566',10,'Pecs, Hungary','New York, New York','--- \n- Marcel Lajos Breuer\n',NULL), (704,'1934',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:58','2009-12-15 08:25:58','Harvey Breverman',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'567',10,'Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania',NULL,NULL,NULL), (705,'1857',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:59','2009-12-15 08:25:59','Nicholas R. Brewer',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1949','568',10,'High Forest, Minnesota','St. Paul, Minnesota','--- \n- Nicholas Richard Brewer\n',NULL), (706,'1837',NULL,'During a fifty-year career, Bricher made a comfortable living from his work but was rarely praised by critics. Born in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, he grew up in Newburyport, Massachusetts, and by 1851 was working in Boston. He became a professional painter in 1858, after meeting Charles Temple Dix and William Stanley Haseltine while sketching at Mount Desert, Maine. The following year he had his own studio in Newburyport. During the 1860s, Bricher made pictures for L. Prang and Company's print catalogue; like many New England artists of this period, he sought to bring his work before a wider public. In 1868 he married and moved his studio to New York, but over the next decades spent a great deal of time traveling, primarily sketching seascapes up and down the Atlantic coast. Most of his summer trips were to the New England states. On these trips he made landscape studies that were later transformed into oils and luminous watercolors. He was particularly impressed with Grand Manan Island off the Maine coast in the Bay of Fundy, whose rugged cliffs and surrounding sea he drew and painted for seventeen years.
','2009-12-15 08:25:59','2009-12-15 08:25:59','Alfred Thompson Bricher',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1908','569',10,'Portsmouth, New Hampshire','New Dorp, New York','--- \n- Alfred T. Bricher\n- Albert T. Bricher\n',NULL), (707,'1826',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:59','2009-12-15 08:25:59','William Josiah Brickey',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1853','570',10,'Potosi, Missouri','New Orleans, Louisiana','--- \n- W. J. Brickey\n- William Brickey\n- William J. Brickey\n',NULL), (708,'1944',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:59','2009-12-15 08:25:59','C. Don Briddell',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'571',10,'Crisfield, Maryland',NULL,'--- \n- C. Donald Briddell\n- Don Briddell\n',NULL), (709,'1945',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:59','2009-12-15 08:25:59','Allen Bridge',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'572',10,'Washington, District of Columbia',NULL,NULL,NULL), (710,'1872',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:59','2009-12-15 08:25:59','Evelyn Bridge',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1957','573',10,'Chicago, Illinois','New York, New York','--- \n- Frank A. Bridge\n',NULL), (711,'1835',NULL,'Fidelia Bridges was among the few nineteenth-century American women to enjoy a successful career as an artist. She attained popularity beginning in the late 1860s with her careful depictions of flowers and birds, many of which were reproduced and distributed by Louis Prang and Company. Bridges specialized in wild flowers, many native to Canaan, Connecticut, where she resided until her death.
','2009-12-15 08:25:59','2009-12-15 08:25:59','Fidelia Bridges',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1923','574',10,'Salem, Massachusetts','Canaan, Connecticut',NULL,NULL), (712,'1847',NULL,'Frederick Arthur Bridgman relocated from Alabama to New York with his family while still a youth. He was eventually employed as an engraver with the American Bank Note Company. He began studying art in his spare time inthe Art Schools of Brooklyn and the National Academy of Design in New York. He traveled to Paris in 1866 and became a favorite student of Gérôme which lead to Bridgman's exhibition in the Paris Salon in 1868. He made France his permanent home in 1870, and spent his summers on sketching tours of Brittany. He exhibited with the National Academy of Design in 1871. He lived in Egypt in 1873; scenes from Egyptian antiquity were prominent in his work. Bridgman's talents extended to writing and music; he was a noted composer and musician. The artist died in Rouen, France, in 1928.
','2009-12-15 08:25:59','2009-12-15 08:25:59','Frederick Arthur Bridgman',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1928','575',10,'Tuskegee, Alabama','Rouen, France','--- \n- F. A. Bridgman\n- Frederic Arthur Bridgman\n- Frederic A. Bridgman\n- Frederick A. Bridgman\n',NULL), (713,'1794',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:59','2009-12-15 08:25:59','Hugh Bridport',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'576',10,'London, England','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',NULL,NULL), (714,'1895',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:59','2009-12-15 08:25:59','Nick Brigante',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1989','577',10,'Padula, Italy','Los Angeles, California','--- \n- Nicholas P. Brigante\n- Nicholas Brigante\n',NULL), (715,'1844',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:59','2009-12-15 08:25:59','Franklin D. Briscoe',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1903','578',10,'Baltimore, Maryland','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania','--- \n- Franklin Dulin Briscoe\n- Franklin Dullin Briscoe\n',NULL), (716,'1826',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:59','2009-12-15 08:25:59','John Bunyan Bristol',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1909','579',10,'Hillsdale, New York','New York, New York',NULL,NULL), (717,'1930',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:59','2009-12-15 08:25:59','Clark Britton',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'580',10,'Baltimore, Maryland',NULL,'--- \n- Clark Veazie Britton\n- Clark V. Britton, Jr.\n',NULL), (718,'1901',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:59','2009-12-15 08:25:59','Edgar Britton',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1982','581',10,'Kearney, Nebraska','Denver, Colorado',NULL,NULL), (719,'1899',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:59','2009-12-15 08:25:59','Ann Brockman',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1943','582',10,'Alameda, California','New York, New York','--- \n- William McNulty\n- William C. McNulty\n',NULL), (720,'1900',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:59','2009-12-15 08:25:59','Fritzi Brod',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1952','583',10,'Prague, Czechoslovakia','Chicago, Illinois','--- \n- Frederika Shermer\n- Fritzi Shermer\n',NULL), (721,'1928',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:59','2009-12-15 08:25:59','Morris Broderson',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'584',10,'Los Angeles, California',NULL,'--- \n- Morris Gaylord Broderson\n',NULL), (722,'1920',NULL,'Broderson, who served in the Air Force during World War II and later received grants from Duke University (where he taught from 1957 until 1964), traveled widely throughout Europe, Mexico, and Africa. A painter of figures in bleak landscapes, Broderson pays little attention to the specifics of place. His stark, often distorted, figures hold strange birds and beasts and are darkly set against dramatically light skies. His images are enigmatic and haunting, offering unlikely symbolic connections that defy rational explanation. Broderson executes his figural works with a painterly freedom reminiscent of his early days as an Abstract Expressionist.
','2009-12-15 08:25:59','2009-12-15 08:25:59','Robert Broderson',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1992','585',10,'West Haven, Connecticut','Independence, Virginia','--- \n- Robert M. Broderson\n',NULL), (723,'1924',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:59','2009-12-15 08:25:59','Gandy Brodie',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1975','586',10,'New York, New York','New York, New York',NULL,NULL), (724,'1908',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:59','2009-12-15 08:25:59','Harry Brodsky',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1997','587',10,'Newark, New Jersey','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',NULL,NULL), (725,'1939',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:59','2009-12-15 08:25:59','Dennis Brokaw',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'588',10,'Carmel, California',NULL,'--- \n- Dennis Rexford Brokaw\n',NULL), (726,'1950',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:59','2009-12-15 08:25:59','Karin Broker',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'589',10,'Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania',NULL,'--- \n- Karen Broker\n',NULL), (727,'1922',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:59','2009-12-15 08:25:59','Robert Broner',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'590',10,'Detroit, Michigan',NULL,NULL,NULL), (728,'1898',NULL,'Realist painter. His paintings, mostly still lifes, landscapes and women, were very successful in his day. He won second prize to Picasso's first prize at the Carnegie Institute Inernational Exhibition of Modern Painting in 1930.
','2009-12-15 08:25:59','2009-12-15 08:25:59','Alexander Brook',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1980','591',10,'New York, New York','Sag Harbor, New York',NULL,NULL), (729,'1847',NULL,'Born October 20, 1847, in Warrenton, Va. Educated at the Virginia Military Institute (VMI). During the years 1865–71, studied at the Pennsylvania Academy with Edmund Bonsell and James R. Lambdin; taught at Mount Vernon Institute; Broad Street Military Academy; and Villa Nova College. Held the Chair of Fine Arts at VMI, 1871–72. Served as U.S. consul to La Rochelle, France, 1877-79. Studied with Léon Bonnat, 1878. Lived in Washington, D.C., 1880–1920. Began collecting art for Thomas E. Waggaman, 1882. Was a founder-instructor of the Art Students League of Washington, 1884. Visited Holland, Paris, London, and The Hague, 1887–92. Studied with Emile Carolus-Duran and Benjamin Constant, 1888. Was vice-principal and instructor at the Corcoran School of Art, 1902–17. Was chairman of the Medals and Badges Committee of the President's Inaugural Committee, 1909, 1913. Died April 25, 1920, in Warrenton, Va.
','2009-12-15 08:25:59','2009-12-15 08:25:59','Richard Norris Brooke',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1920','592',10,'Warrenton, Virginia','Warrenton, Virginia','--- \n- Richard N. Brooke\n',NULL), (730,'1938',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:59','2009-12-15 08:25:59','Bob Brooks',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'593',10,'New York, New York',NULL,'--- \n- Robert Brooks\n',NULL), (731,'1925',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:59','2009-12-15 08:25:59','George Brooks',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'594',10,'Brno, Czechoslovakia',NULL,NULL,NULL), (732,'1906',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:59','2009-12-15 08:25:59','James Brooks',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1992','595',10,'St. Louis, Missouri','Brookhaven, New York','--- \n- James David Brooks\n- James D. Brooks\n',NULL), (733,'1911',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:59','2009-12-15 08:25:59','Leonard Brooks',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'596',10,'London, England',NULL,'--- \n- Frank Leonard Brooks\n',NULL), (734,'1901',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:59','2009-12-15 08:25:59','Mildred Bryant Brooks',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1995','597',10,'Maryville, Missouri','Santa Barbara, California',NULL,NULL), (735,'1947',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:59','2009-12-15 08:25:59','Mona Brooks',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'598',10,'Rochester, New York',NULL,'--- \n- Mona Adisa Brooks\n- Mona A. Brooks\n',NULL), (736,'1874',NULL,'Romaine Brooks, the daughter of a wealthy, unbalanced woman estranged from her husband before Romaine's birth, had a miserable and unstable childhood. An insane older brother received mother's love and attention, leaving Romaine scarred from lack of affection and acceptance. Inheritance of the huge family fortune in 1902 granted her independence, but she remained enslaved by memories of her mother's cruelty. She studied in Rome, meeting an avant-garde group of artists, writers, and intellectuals with whom she associated in Capri, Paris, and the French Riviera.
Her Self Portrait depicts a steely figure attired in a riding habit, carrying herself confidently and with elegance. She stares relentlessly at us from beneath the brim of her hat, with eyes that could be either frightened or condemning. Her mouth, corners upturned, either smiles or sneers. The ruins behind her, as amibuous as her expression, add to the air of uncertainty about where she is and what she is thinking.
Brooks remained aloof from all artistic trends, painting, in her palette of black, white, and grays, haunting portraits of the blessed and the troubled, of socialites and intellectuals. She moved in brilliant circles and, while resisting companionship, was the object of violent passions. When she painted her own portrait, she revealed her intensely contradictory nature: extreme confidence coupled with fear of vulnerability. Her story and her work reveal much about bohemian life in the early twentieth century.
','2009-12-15 08:25:59','2009-12-15 08:25:59','Romaine Brooks',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1970','599',10,'Rome, Italy','Nice, France','--- \n- Romaine Goddard\n- Beatrice Romaine Brooks\n',NULL), (737,'1939',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:59','2009-12-15 08:25:59','Wendell T. Brooks',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'600',10,'Aliceville, Alabama',NULL,NULL,NULL), (738,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:59','2009-12-15 08:25:59','Sarah Broome',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'601',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (739,'1920',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:59','2009-12-15 08:25:59','Richard Brough',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'602',10,'Salmon, Idaho',NULL,'--- \n- Richard Burrell Brough\n',NULL), (740,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:59','2009-12-15 08:25:59','Tode Brower',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'603',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (741,'1865',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:59','2009-12-15 08:25:59','Benjamin C. Brown',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1942','604',10,'Marion, Arizona','Pasadena, California','--- \n- Benjamin Chambers Brown\n',NULL), (742,'1864',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:59','2009-12-15 08:25:59','Bolton Brown',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1936','605',10,'Dresden, New York','Zena, New York','--- \n- Bolton Coit Brown\n',NULL), (743,'1899',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:59','2009-12-15 08:25:59','Don Brown',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1958','606',10,'Taylor, Texas',', Texas','--- \n- Donnell Adair Brown\n',NULL), (744,'1904',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:59','2009-12-15 08:25:59','Douglas Brown',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1952','607',10,'Coldwater, Michigan','Washington, District of Columbia','--- \n- Douglass Edwin Brown\n- Douglas Edwin Brown\n',NULL), (745,'1871',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:59','2009-12-15 08:25:59','Ethel Isadore Brown',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'608',10,'Boston, Massachusetts',NULL,'--- \n- Ethel I. Brown\n',NULL), (746,'1814',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:59','2009-12-15 08:25:59','George Loring Brown',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1889','609',10,'Boston, Massachusetts','Malden, Massachusetts','--- \n- \"\\\"Claude\\\" Brown\"\n',NULL), (747,'1814',NULL,'Henry Kirke Brown studied in Boston for three years. He lived in Cincinnati, Ohio, for three years, where he completed his first marble bust in 1837. After moving to Albany, New York, in 1840, he spent four years in Italy. Upon returning to the United States in 1846, he executed the statue of George Washington in Union Square, New York—the first bronze statue executed in this country, which was unveiled on July 4, 1856. Brown was elected to the National Academy of Design in 1851.
','2009-12-15 08:25:59','2009-12-15 08:25:59','Henry Kirke Brown',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1886','610',10,'Leyden, Massachusetts','Newburgh, New York',NULL,NULL), (748,'1905',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:59','2009-12-15 08:25:59','Howard Brown',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1975','611',10,'Fitzgerald, Georgia','Monterey, California','--- \n- Howard Willis Brown\n',NULL), (749,'1880',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:59','2009-12-15 08:25:59','Howell C. Brown',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1954','612',10,'Little Rock, Arkansas','Pasadena, California','--- \n- Howell Chambers Brown\n',NULL), (750,'1831',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:25:59','2009-12-15 08:25:59','John George Brown',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1913','614',10,'Durham, England','New York, New York','--- \n- J. G. Brown\n',NULL), (751,'1818',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:00','2009-12-15 08:26:00','John Henry Brown',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1891','615',10,'Lancaster, Pennsylvania','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania','--- \n- J. Henry Brown\n',NULL), (752,'1930',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:00','2009-12-15 08:26:00','Robert Delford Brown',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009','616',10,'Portland, Colorado','Wilmington, North Carolina','--- \n- Delford Brown\n- Bob Delford Brown\n',NULL), (753,'1941',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:00','2009-12-15 08:26:00','Roger Brown',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1997','617',10,'Hamilton, Alabama','Atlanta, Georgia','--- \n- James Roger Brown\n',NULL), (754,'1879',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:00','2009-12-15 08:26:00','Roy Brown',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1956','618',10,'Decatur, Illinois',NULL,'--- \n- Roy Henry Brown\n- Roy H. Brown\n',NULL), (755,'1907',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:00','2009-12-15 08:26:00','Samuel Joseph Brown',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1994','619',10,'Wilmington, North Carolina','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania','--- \n- Sam Brown\n- Samuel Brown\n- Samuel J. Brown, Jr.\n',NULL), (756,'1880',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:00','2009-12-15 08:26:00','Belmore Browne',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1954','620',10,'Tompkinsville, New York','Rye, New York',NULL,NULL), (757,'1907',NULL,'Modernist painter and one of the founders of American Abstract Artists, a New York City organization devoted to exhibiting abstract art. Browne specialized in still life in the style of Synthetic Cubism, influenced by his friends John Graham, Arshile Gorky, and Willem de Kooning.
','2009-12-15 08:26:00','2009-12-30 18:29:54','Byron Browne',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1961','621',10,'Yonkers, New York','New York, New York','--- \n- George Byron Browne\n',NULL), (758,'1871',NULL,'Landscape painter whose training included study at the Académie Julian in Paris. His West End School of Art in Provincetown, Mass., was a successful venture and included frequent tours to Europe.
','2009-12-15 08:26:00','2009-12-15 08:26:00','George Elmer Browne',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1946','622',10,'Gloucester, Massachusetts','Provincetown, Massachusetts','--- \n- George E. Browne\n- Elmer Browne\n',NULL), (759,'1907',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:00','2009-12-15 08:26:00','Syd Browne',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1991','623',10,'New York, New York',NULL,'--- \n- Syd J. Browne\n',NULL), (760,'1929',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:00','2009-12-15 08:26:00','Vivian E. Browne',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1993','624',10,'Laurel, Florida','New York, New York','--- \n- Vivian Browne\n',NULL), (761,'1879',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:00','2009-12-15 08:26:00','Edward Bruce',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1943','625',10,'Dover Plains, New York','Hollywood, Florida',NULL,NULL), (762,'1871',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:00','2009-12-15 08:26:00','George M. Bruestle',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1939','626',10,'New York, New York',', Connecticut','--- \n- George Matthew Bruestle\n',NULL), (763,'1805',NULL,'Born July 26, 1805, in Rome, Italy. His father was Greek and his mother was Italian. Studied painting with Baron Camuccini and sculpture with Antonio Canova and Bertel Thorvaldsen at the Academy in Rome, about 1818. Decorated the villa and palace of Prince Torlonia; St. Paul's; and the Loggia di Raffaello in the Vatican, for Pope Pius IX. Imprisoned fourteen months during the French occupation of Rome, 1848–52, then exiled. Immigrated to New York, 1852. During the years 1852–54, painted altarpieces for St. Stephens in New York; the Cathedral of St. Peter and Paul in Philadelphia; and the Cathedral at Mexico City. Settled in Washington, D.C., 1854. Hired by Captain Montgomery C. Meigs as chief fresco painter of the Capitol, 1854. Naturalized, 1857. Slipped from scaffolding while painting the frieze in the Rotunda, 1879. Died February 19, 1880, in Washington, D.C. His son, Laurence Brumidi, was a Washington artist also.
','2009-12-15 08:26:00','2009-12-15 08:26:00','Constantino Brumidi',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1880','627',10,'Rome, Italy','Washington, District of Columbia',NULL,NULL), (764,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:00','2009-12-15 08:26:00','Giovanni Brun',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'628',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (765,'1932',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:00','2009-12-15 08:26:00','Bruria',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'629',10,'Jerusalem, Israel',NULL,'--- \n- Bruria Finkel\n',NULL), (766,'1947',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:00','2009-12-15 08:26:00','Daniel Brush',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'630',10,'Cleveland, Ohio',NULL,'--- \n- Dan Brush\n',NULL), (767,'1855',NULL,'A painter influenced by the Italian Renaissance and his studies with Jean-Léon Gérôme in Paris. Renowned for his paintings of Native Americans, he later added secularized Madonna images as one of his specialties.
','2009-12-15 08:26:00','2009-12-30 18:29:54','George de Forest Brush',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1941','631',10,'Shelbyville, Tennessee','Hanover, New Hampshire',NULL,NULL), (768,'1914',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:00','2009-12-15 08:26:00','Bernard Brussel-Smith',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1989','632',10,'New York, New York',NULL,NULL,NULL), (769,'1904',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:00','2009-12-15 08:26:00','Daniel Brustlein',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1996','633',10,'Mulhouse, France','Paris, France','--- \n- Alain\n',NULL), (770,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:00','2009-12-30 18:29:54','Johann Israel de Bry',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1611','634',10,NULL,'Frankfurt, Germany','--- \n- \"Johann Isra\\xC3\\xABl de Bry\"\n',NULL), (771,'1528',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:00','2009-12-15 08:26:00','Theodor de Bry',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1598','635',10,'Liege, Flanders','Frankfurt, Germany','--- \n- Theodorus Dirk de Bry\n- Theodore de Brie\n',NULL), (772,'1948',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:00','2009-12-15 08:26:00','James Wallace Buchman',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'636',10,'Memphis, Tennessee',NULL,'--- \n- James Buchman\n',NULL), (773,'1890',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:00','2009-12-15 08:26:00','Claude Buck',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1974','637',10,'New York, New York','Santa Barbara, California','--- \n- Charles Claude Buck\n- Charles C. Buck\n- Charles Sargeant\n',NULL), (774,'1946',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:00','2009-12-15 08:26:00','John Buck',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'638',10,'Ames, Iowa',NULL,'--- \n- John E. Buck\n',NULL), (775,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:00','2009-12-15 08:26:00','Eveleen Buckton',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1955','639',10,NULL,NULL,'--- \n- Eveleen Buckton\n',NULL), (776,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:00','2009-12-15 08:26:00','Robert Budd',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'640',10,NULL,NULL,'--- \n- Bob Budd\n',NULL), (777,'1944',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:00','2009-12-15 08:26:00','Virginia Budny',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'642',10,'Maui, Hawaii',NULL,NULL,NULL), (778,'1926',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:00','2009-12-15 08:26:00','Thomas S. Buechner',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'643',10,'New York, New York',NULL,'--- \n- Thomas Scharman Buechner\n- Thomas Buechner\n',NULL), (779,'1886',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:00','2009-12-15 08:26:00','Conrad Buff',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1975','644',10,'Speicher, Switzerland','Laguna Niguel, California','--- \n- Conrad Buff II\n',NULL), (780,'1928',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:00','2009-12-15 08:26:00','Bernard Buffet',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1999','645',10,'Paris, France','Tourtour, France','--- \n- Bernard Leon Edmond Buffet\n',NULL), (781,'1900',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:00','2009-12-15 08:26:00','Harold Dow Bugbee',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1963','646',10,'Lexington, Massachusetts','Clarendon, Texas','--- \n- Harold D. Bugbee\n- Harold Bugbee\n',NULL), (782,'1886',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:00','2009-12-15 08:26:00','Cecil Buller',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1973','648',10,'Montreal, Canada','Montreal, Canada','--- \n- C. Buller Murphy\n- Cecil Tremayne Buller\n- John Murphy\n',NULL), (783,'1902',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:00','2009-12-15 08:26:00','Wynn Bullock',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1975','649',10,'Chicago, Illinois','Monterey, California','--- \n- Percy Wingfield Bullock\n',NULL), (784,'1919',NULL,'Born in New Orleans, lived mostly in New York City. Abstract Expressionist painter, later a sculptor, who won several awards; one of the "Irascibles."
','2009-12-15 08:26:00','2009-12-15 08:26:00','Fritz Bultman',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1985','650',10,'New Orleans, Louisiana','Provincetown, Massachusetts',NULL,NULL), (785,'1940',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:00','2009-12-15 08:26:00','David Bumbeck',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'651',10,'Framingham, Massachusetts',NULL,'--- \n- David A. Bumbeck\n',NULL), (786,'1907',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:00','2009-12-15 08:26:00','Louis Bunce',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1983','652',10,'Lander, Wyoming','Portland, Oregon','--- \n- Louis Demott Bunce\n',NULL), (787,'1840',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:00','2009-12-15 08:26:00','William Gedney Bunce',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1916','653',10,'Hartford, Connecticut','Hartford, Connecticut','--- \n- W. Gedney Bunce\n',NULL), (788,'1911',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:00','2009-12-15 08:26:00','Rudolph Bundasz',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1992','654',10,'Salank, Hungary','Seattle, Washington','--- \n- Rudolph E. Bundas\n- Rudolf Bundasz\n- Rudolph E. Bundasz\n',NULL), (789,'1910',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:00','2009-12-15 08:26:00','William Edward Lewis Bunn',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'655',10,'Muscatine, Iowa',NULL,'--- \n- William Lewis Bunn\n- William Bunn\n',NULL), (790,'1858',NULL,'The Harvard-educated Burbank studied at the Chicago Academy of Design and spent a brief period in Europe before returning to Chicago to open his own studio. His first commission was for Northwest Magazine, for which he painted views of the Northern Pacific Railway. But in the late 1890s, his career took a different path when his uncle, Edward Everett Ayer, president of the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago, commissioned him to paint portraits of prominent Native Americans, among them Chief Geronimo. Burbank went on to paint more than 1,200 likenesses of native peoples, representing more than one hundred tribes.
','2009-12-15 08:26:00','2009-12-15 08:26:00','Elbridge Ayer Burbank',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1949','656',10,'Harvard, Illinois','San Francisco, California','--- \n- E. A. Burbank\n- E. Ayer Burbank\n',NULL), (791,'1763',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:00','2009-12-15 08:26:00','Henry Jacob Burch, Jr.',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1834','657',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (792,'1931',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:00','2009-12-15 08:26:00','Jerry Burchard',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'658',10,'Rochester, New York',NULL,NULL,NULL), (793,'1893',NULL,'Modernist painter who celebrated nature in his watercolors. During his life, he often drew inspiration from his environs, which included small-town Salem, Ohio, and urban Buffalo, N.Y.
','2009-12-15 08:26:00','2009-12-30 18:29:55','Charles Burchfield',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1967','659',10,'Ashtabula Harbor, Ohio','West Seneca, New York','--- \n- Charles Ephraim Burchfield\n- Charles E. Burchfield\n',NULL), (794,'1872',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:01','2009-12-15 08:26:01','Hattie E. Burdette',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1955','660',10,'Washington, District of Columbia','Washington, District of Columbia','--- \n- Hattie Burdette\n- Hattie Elizabeth Burdette\n',NULL), (795,'1940',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:01','2009-12-15 08:26:01','Lowry Burgess',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'661',10,'Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',NULL,'--- \n- David Lowry Burgess\n',NULL), (796,'1865',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:01','2009-12-15 08:26:01','Ruth Payne Burgess',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1934','662',10,'Montpelier, Vermont','New York, New York','--- \n- Ruth Payne Jewett Burgess\n- John W. Burgess\n',NULL), (797,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:01','2009-12-15 08:26:01','David Burke',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'663',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (798,'1943',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:01','2009-12-15 08:26:01','Bill Burke',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'664',10,'Derby, Connecticut',NULL,'--- \n- William M. Burke\n',NULL), (799,'1930',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:01','2009-12-15 08:26:01','Robert Burkert',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'665',10,'Racine, Wisconsin',NULL,'--- \n- Robert Randall Burkert\n',NULL), (800,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:01','2009-12-15 08:26:01','Verona Lorraine Burkhard',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'666',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (801,'1853',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:01','2009-12-15 08:26:01','Lucien Rinaldo Burleigh',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1923','667',10,'Plainfield, Connecticut',NULL,'--- \n- Lucien R. Burleigh\n- L. R. Burleigh\n',NULL), (802,'1886',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:01','2009-12-15 08:26:01','Paul Burlin',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1969','668',10,'New York, New York','New York, New York','--- \n- H. Paul Burlin\n',NULL), (803,'1901',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:01','2009-12-15 08:26:01','Dennis Burlingame',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1964','669',10,'Oneida, New York','New York, New York','--- \n- Dennis Meighan Burlingame\n- Dennis M. Burlingame\n',NULL), (804,'1882',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:01','2009-12-15 08:26:01','David Burliuk',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1967','670',10,'Kharkov, Russia','Southampton, New York','--- \n- David Davidovich Burliuk\n',NULL), (805,'1850',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:01','2009-12-30 18:29:55','Eugene Burnand',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1921','671',10,'Moudon, Switzerland','Paris, France','--- \n- Eugene Charles Louis Burnand\n- \"Eug\\xC3\\xA8ne Burnand\"\n',NULL), (806,'1945',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:01','2009-12-15 08:26:01','Marsha Burns',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'672',10,'Seattle, Washington',NULL,'--- \n- Marsha Lynn Burns\n',NULL), (807,'1944',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:01','2009-12-15 08:26:01','Richard Burnside',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'673',10,'Baltimore, Maryland',NULL,NULL,NULL), (808,'1859',NULL,'George Elbert Burr worked as an illustrator for several New York magazines: Harper's, Cosmopolitan, and Frank Leslie's Weekly Newspaper. His work for Leslie's allowed him to travel coast to coast in America, indulging his passion for landscapes. Burr set out on a European journey in 1896, and traveled for almost five years. Bay at Nevin, Wales [SAAM, 1983.83.188] was painted during this time. After his travels, Burr moved to Colorado and later Arizona, and made prints depicting the monumental deserts and mountains of the American Southwest.
','2009-12-15 08:26:01','2009-12-15 08:26:01','George Elbert Burr',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1939','674',10,'Monroe Falls, Ohio','Phoenix, Arizona','--- \n- George Burr\n',NULL), (809,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:01','2009-12-15 08:26:01','James Burr',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'675',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (810,'1900',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:01','2009-12-15 08:26:01','Barbara Burrage',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'676',10,'Lafayette, Indiana',NULL,NULL,NULL), (811,'1770',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:01','2009-12-15 08:26:01','Joseph Francis Burrell',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1854','677',10,NULL,NULL,'--- \n- J. F. Burrell\n',NULL), (812,'1869',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:01','2009-12-15 08:26:01','Bryson Burroughs',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1934','678',10,'Hyde Park, Massachusetts','New York, New York',NULL,NULL), (813,'1948',NULL,'Nancy Burson studied painting at Colorado Women's College from 1966 to 1968. She moved to New York after leaving school and became interested in interactive art. Through EAT (Experiments in Art and Technology), Burson began a collaboration with Tom Schneider and David Petty, computer engineers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, to create an aging machine, or more specifically The Method and Apparatus for Producing an Image of a Person's Face at a Different Age, for which she received a patent in 1981. She also collaborated with Cambridge computer scientists Richard Carling and David Kramlich (whom she later married) on further development of the process in 1982. Burson utilized the technology to create provocative portraits; these composite images of the major races, world leaders, and movie stars earned significant attention when they first appeared in the early 1980s. Perhaps the most humanistic application of her work has been in the location of missing children; her updated portraits have been used to reunite children with their families. In the late 1980s and early 1990s Burson's work grew to incorporate more primitive media, including dauguerreotypes and images made with simple plastic commercial cameras. The results, though less sophisticated technologically, are of a highly personal nature that examine such subjects as birth defects and the horrors of disease.
','2009-12-15 08:26:01','2009-12-15 08:26:01','Nancy Burson',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'679',10,'St. Louis, Missouri',NULL,NULL,NULL), (814,'1823',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:01','2009-12-15 08:26:01','Charles Burt',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1892','680',10,'Edinburgh, Scotland','New York, New York','--- \n- Charles Kennedy Burt\n',NULL), (815,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:01','2009-12-15 08:26:01','C. V. Burton',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'681',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (816,'1881',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:01','2009-12-15 08:26:01','Samuel Chatwood Burton',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'682',10,'Manchester, England',NULL,'--- \n- S. Chatwood Burton\n- S. C. Burton\n',NULL), (817,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:01','2009-12-15 08:26:01','John Burton',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'683',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (818,'1939',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:01','2009-12-15 08:26:01','Scott Burton',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1989','684',10,'Greensboro, Alabama','New York, New York',NULL,NULL), (819,'1906',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:01','2009-12-15 08:26:01','Nathaniel C. Burwash',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2000','685',10,'Los Angeles, California','Cambridge, Massachusetts','--- \n- Nathaniel Charles Burwash\n- Nathaniel Burwash\n',NULL), (820,'1914',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:01','2009-12-15 08:26:01','Peter Busa',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1985','686',10,'Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania','Minneapolis, ',NULL,NULL), (821,'1946',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:01','2009-12-15 08:26:01','Susan Bush',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'687',10,'Hartford, Connecticut',NULL,'--- \n- Susan M. Bush\n',NULL), (822,'1857',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:01','2009-12-15 08:26:01','Henry K. Bush-Brown',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1935','688',10,'Ogdensburg, New York','Washington, District of Columbia','--- \n- Henry Kirke Bush-Brown\n- H. K. Bush-Brown\n',NULL), (823,'1857',NULL,'Born May 19, 1857, in Philadelphia, Pa. Studied at the Pennsylvania Academy. In Paris, 1883. Studied with Emile Carolus-Duran and Jean J. Henner, and at the Julian Academy with Jules Lefebvre and Gustave Boulanger. In Philadelphia and New York, 1884–1910. Married Henry Kirke Bush-Brown, 1895. Lived in Washington, D.C., 1910–41. Retrospective exhibition held at the Corcoran Gallery of Art, 1911. Moved to Pennsylvania, 1941. Died November 16, 1944, in Ambler, Pa.
','2009-12-15 08:26:01','2009-12-15 08:26:01','Margaret Lesley Bush-Brown',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1944','689',10,'Philadelphia, Pennsylvania','Ambler, Pennsylvania','--- \n- H. K. Bush-Brown\n- Henry Kirke Bush-Brown\n',NULL), (824,'1917',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:01','2009-12-15 08:26:01','Jane Busse',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1987','690',10,'Ames, Iowa',NULL,NULL,NULL), (825,'1941',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:01','2009-12-15 08:26:01','Rebecca Busselle',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'691',10,'St. Louis, Missouri',NULL,'--- \n- Rebecca Starkloff\n',NULL), (826,'1922',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:01','2009-12-15 08:26:01','Sydney Butchkes',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'692',10,'Covington, Kentucky',NULL,NULL,NULL), (827,'1905',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:01','2009-12-15 08:26:01','Joseph Butera',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1963','693',10,', Italy',NULL,'--- \n- Joseph Charles Butera\n',NULL), (828,'1896',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:01','2009-12-15 08:26:01','Andrew R. Butler',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1979','694',10,'Yonkers, New York','New York, New York',NULL,NULL), (829,'1940',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:01','2009-12-15 08:26:01','Frances Butler',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'695',10,'St. Louis, Missouri',NULL,NULL,NULL), (830,'1856',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:01','2009-12-15 08:26:01','Howard Russell Butler',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1934','696',10,'New York, New York','Princeton, New Jersey',NULL,NULL), (831,'1945',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:01','2009-12-15 08:26:01','James D. Butler',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'697',10,'Fort Dodge, Iowa',NULL,'--- \n- James Butler\n',NULL), (832,'1888',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:01','2009-12-15 08:26:01','Edward Pierre Buyck',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1960','698',10,'Bruges, Belgium',', ','--- \n- Edouard Pierre August Vincent Buyck\n- Ed Buyck\n',NULL), (833,'1927',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:01','2009-12-15 08:26:01','Dennis Byng',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'699',10,'Duluth, Minnesota',NULL,'--- \n- Dennis E. Byng\n',NULL), (834,'1743',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:01','2009-12-15 08:26:01','William Byrne',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1805','701',10,'London, England','London, England',NULL,NULL), (835,'1906',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:01','2009-12-15 08:26:01','Jerry Bywaters',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1989','702',10,'Paris, Texas','Dallas, Texas',NULL,NULL), (836,'1886',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:01','2009-12-15 08:26:01','Lyman Byxbe',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1980','703',10,'Pittsfield, Illinois',NULL,NULL,NULL), (837,'1904',NULL,'Cadmus entered the school of the National Academy of Design at fifteen with the encouragement of his parents, both of whom were artists. In 1928 he began working as an illustrator for a New York advertising agency and took life-drawing classes at the Art Students League. In 1931 and 1932 Cadmus and his studio-mate Jared French lived in a Mallorcan fishing village. On their return Cadmus was employed on the first of the New Deal art programs, and later painted several post office murals under government sponsorship. In conjunction with his first one-man exhibition in 1937, Cadmus published a credo (actually written by French) in which he declared himself a satirical propagandist for the correction of moral evils who used people's "subversive, selfish and deadening expressions" to convey humanity's "destructive malignity." His subjects are often drawn from the seamy side of life—his controversial The Fleet's In of 1934 showed sailors carousing with women of questionable morals—although in the late 1940s he added lyrical and self-reflective themes to his repertoire. Cadmus is a prolific draughtsman, but because he has worked since the late 1930s primarily in the time-consuming technique of egg tempera, his output as a painter has been relatively small.
','2009-12-15 08:26:01','2009-12-15 08:26:01','Paul Cadmus',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1999','704',10,'New York, New York','Weston, Connecticut',NULL,NULL), (838,'1948',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:01','2009-12-15 08:26:01','Debbie Fleming Caffery',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'705',10,'New Iberia, Louisiana',NULL,NULL,NULL), (839,'1725',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:01','2009-12-15 08:26:01','Jean Jacques Caffieri',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1792','706',10,'Paris, France','Paris, France',NULL,NULL), (840,'1912',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:01','2009-12-15 08:26:01','John Cage',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1992','707',10,'Los Angeles, California',NULL,NULL,NULL), (841,'1860',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:02','2009-12-15 08:26:02','Antoine Calbet',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1944','708',10,'Engayrac, France','Paris, France',NULL,NULL), (842,'1913',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:02','2009-12-15 08:26:02','Lawrence Calcagno',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1993','709',10,'San Francisco, California','State College, Pennsylvania','--- \n- Larry Calcagno\n',NULL), (843,'1898',NULL,'Sculptor, world renowned for his stabiles and mobiles begun in the 1930s. Calder's vision was broad and groundbreaking, and his output was prodigious—ranging from small figurines to large, architecturally related sculptures, from whimsical toys to stage sets.
','2009-12-15 08:26:02','2009-12-30 18:29:56','Alexander Calder',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1976','710',10,'Lawnton, Pennsylvania','New York, New York','--- \n- Sandy Calder\n',NULL), (844,'1870',NULL,'Sculptor who received numerous commissions, including the Depew Fountain (1915) in Indianapolis, Ind., The Swann Memorial Fountain in Philadelphia, Pa. (1924) and Leif Ericson (1932) in Reykjavik, Iceland. He was the son of sculptor Alexander Milne Calder and father of sculptor Alexander Calder.
','2009-12-15 08:26:02','2009-12-15 08:26:02','A. Stirling Calder',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1945','711',10,'Philadelphia, Pennsylvania','New York, New York','--- \n- Alexander Stirling Calder\n- Stirling Calder\n',NULL), (845,'1894',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:02','2009-12-15 08:26:02','Louis H. S. Calewaert',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'712',10,'Detroit, Michigan',NULL,NULL,NULL), (846,'1909',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:02','2009-12-15 08:26:02','William H. Calfee',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1995','713',10,'Washington, District of Columbia','Chevy Chase, Maryland','--- \n- William Howard Calfee\n- W. H. Calfee\n',NULL), (847,'1912',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:02','2009-12-15 08:26:02','Harry Callahan',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1999','714',10,'Detroit, Michigan','Atlanta, Georgia','--- \n- Harry Morey Callahan\n- Harry M. Callahan\n',NULL), (848,'1907',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:02','2009-12-15 08:26:02','Kenneth Callahan',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1986','715',10,'Spokane, Washington','Seattle, Washington','--- \n- Kenneth L. Callahan\n',NULL), (849,'1941',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:02','2009-12-15 08:26:02','Cashion Callaway',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'716',10,'Lawton, Oklahoma',NULL,NULL,NULL), (850,'1889',NULL,'Born and raised on a farm near Wichita, Kansas, where she developed a fondness for animals, Bessie [Callender] married a newspaper reporter, Harold Callender, and moved to New York City in the early 1920s. She took life classes under George Bridgman at the Art Students League and then studied modeling from life at the art school of the Cooper Union. When her husband was assigned to Paris in 1926, she studied modeling with Antoine Bourdelle at the Academie de la Grande Chaumière and later worked in the studios of José de Creeft and Georges Hilbert, an important animalier, from whom she received instruction in stone carving. Callender became a devotee of direct carving. Her main subjects were animals observed at the Jardin des Plantes and, later, at the London Zoo. In late 1929 she moved to London, where she worked for the next ten years, until a cancer operation forced her to stop sculpting. Her works were exhibited at the Salon des Indépendants in Paris, the Royal Academy in London, the Walker Gallery in Liverpool, and the Fine Arts Museum in Glasgow. In 1951, the year of her death, her husband donated seven sculptures by the artist to the National Museum of American Art [now the Smithsonian American Art Museum].
','2009-12-15 08:26:02','2009-12-30 18:29:56','Bessie Stough Callender',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1951','717',10,'Wichita, Kansas','New York, New York','--- \n- Bessie Stough\n',NULL), (851,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:02','2009-12-15 08:26:02','L. Cambiaso',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'718',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (852,'1865',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:02','2009-12-15 08:26:02','David Young Cameron',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1945','719',10,'Glasgow, Scotland','Perth, Scotland','--- \n- David Young Cameron\n- D. Y. Cameron\n- D. Y. Cameron\n',NULL), (853,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:02','2009-12-15 08:26:02','John Cameron',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'720',10,', Scotland',NULL,NULL,NULL), (854,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:02','2009-12-15 08:26:02','G. Camfri',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'721',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (855,'1937',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:02','2009-12-30 18:29:57','Luis Camnitzer',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'722',10,'Lübeck, Germany',NULL,'--- \n- Luis Eugenio Camnitzer\n',NULL), (856,'1905',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:02','2009-12-15 08:26:02','Charles Campbell',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1985','723',10,'Dayton, Ohio','Phoenix, Arizona','--- \n- Charles Malcolm Campbell\n- Charles M. Campbell\n',NULL), (857,'1913',NULL,'An abstract painter with ties to Constructivism, Campbell turned to sculpture at age forty-one. His artistic training had ranged from academic to avant-garde, initially at Massachusetts School of Art in Boston, later with Leon Kroll and Gifford Beal at the National Academy of Design and at the Art Students League with then geometric abstractionist Vaclav Vytlacil. During World War II he worked as a machinist and mechanical designer. By 1954, having taken up direct carving, Campbell combined academic notions about three-dimensional form with a fascination for process that was typically Abstract Expressionist. Throughout the fifties he taught privately in his studio and did freelance industrial design and model making, while developing a body of sculpture to be shown in his first solo exhibition at Camino Gallery in 1960. Campbell's teaching career included positions at Queens College, Silvermine College of Art in New Canaan, Connecticut, and the University of Maryland.
','2009-12-15 08:26:02','2009-12-15 08:26:02','Kenneth Campbell',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1986','724',10,'West Medford, Massachusetts','New York, New York',NULL,NULL), (858,'1915',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:02','2009-12-15 08:26:02','William H. Campbell',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'725',10,'Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',NULL,'--- \n- William Henry Campbell\n- William Campbell\n- Bill Campbell\n',NULL), (859,'1879',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:02','2009-12-15 08:26:02','Vincent Canade',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1961','727',10,'San Giorgio Albanese, Italy',', ',NULL,NULL), (860,'1935',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:02','2009-12-15 08:26:02','Beatriz A. Candioti',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'728',10,'Buenos Aires, Argentina',NULL,'--- \n- Beatriz A. Candioti Foote\n- Beatriz Kelly\n',NULL), (861,'1946',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:02','2009-12-15 08:26:02','T. C. Cannon',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1978','729',10,'Lawton, Oklahoma','Santa Fe, New Mexico','--- \n- Pai-doung-u-day\n- One Who Stands in the Sun\n',NULL), (862,'1757',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:02','2009-12-15 08:26:02','Antonio Canova',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1822','730',10,'Possagno, Italy','Venice, Italy',NULL,NULL), (863,'1941',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:02','2009-12-15 08:26:02','Sarah Canright',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'731',10,'Chicago, Illinois',NULL,'--- \n- Sarah Anne Canright\n',NULL), (864,'1932',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:02','2009-12-15 08:26:02','Paul Caponigro',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'732',10,'Boston, Massachusetts',NULL,NULL,NULL), (865,'1898',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:02','2009-12-15 08:26:02','Charles Merrick Capps',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1981','733',10,'Jacksonville, Illinois',NULL,'--- \n- Charles M. Capps\n',NULL), (866,'1803',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:02','2009-12-15 08:26:02','Elizabeth W. Capron',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'734',10,'Worcester, Massachusetts',NULL,'--- \n- Elizabeth Capron\n',NULL), (867,'1946',NULL,'A graduate of Georgetown University, the Corcoran School of Art, the Ecole des Beaux-Arts, and the Art Students League, Caranicas brings formidable technical skill to haunting architectural subject matter. Though not a Photorealist, Caranicas works from photographs in painting the abandoned shells of World War II defensive bunkers along the French and U.S. coastlines and in the Channel Islands. In the rigorous linearity of the blocklike concrete shapes, Caranicas sees beautiful architectural structures that for him have political and intellectual, as well as aesthetic, implications. Caranicas sets the defense bunkers into landscapes purified to the point of surrealism, and in his most recent work, pieces together sheets of paper at geometrically irregular angles to further distort the appearance of reality.
','2009-12-15 08:26:02','2009-12-15 08:26:02','Paul Caranicas',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'735',10,'Athens, Greece',NULL,NULL,NULL), (868,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:02','2009-12-15 08:26:02','Polidoro da Caravaggio',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1543','736',10,'Caravaggio, Italy','Messina, Italy','--- \n- Polidoro Caldara\n- Polidoro Caldara da Caravaggio\n',NULL), (869,'1893',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:02','2009-12-15 08:26:02','Antonio Carbonati',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'737',10,'Mantua, Italy',NULL,NULL,NULL), (870,'1899',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:03','2009-12-15 08:26:03','Erberto Carboni',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1984','738',10,'Parma, Italy','Milan, Italy',NULL,NULL), (871,'1938',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:03','2009-12-15 08:26:03','Annie Cardin',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'739',10,'Paris, France',NULL,NULL,NULL), (872,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:03','2009-12-15 08:26:03','Katharine Augusta Carl',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1938','740',10,'New Orleans, Louisiana','New York, New York','--- \n- Catherine Carl\n- Kate Carl\n- Katherine Carl\n- Katharine A. Carl\n- Katherine Augusta Carl\n',NULL), (873,'1952',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:03','2009-12-15 08:26:03','William P. Carl',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'741',10,'Utica, New York',NULL,NULL,NULL), (874,'1882',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:03','2009-12-15 08:26:03','Arthur B. Carles',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1952','742',10,'Philadelphia, Pennsylvania','Chestnut Hill, Pennsylvania','--- \n- Arthur Beecher Carles\n- Arthur B. Carles, Jr.\n',NULL), (875,'1813',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:03','2009-12-15 08:26:03','John Carlin',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1891','743',10,'Philadelphia, Pennsylvania','New York, New York',NULL,NULL), (876,'1686',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:03','2009-12-15 08:26:03','Carlo Carlone',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1775','744',10,'Scaria, Italy','Come, Italy','--- \n- Carlo Innocenzo Carlone\n',NULL), (877,'1901',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:03','2009-12-15 08:26:03','Dines Carlsen',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1966','745',10,'New York, New York','New York, New York',NULL,NULL), (878,'1853',NULL,'Still-life painter who first studied architecture in his homeland of Denmark and immigrated to the U.S. at age 19. Influenced by the master still-life painter Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin, Carlsen was a leading exponent of the Chardin revival in France.
','2009-12-15 08:26:03','2009-12-30 18:29:57','Emil Carlsen',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1932','746',10,'Copenhagen, Denmark','New York, New York','--- \n- Emil Soren Carlsen\n',NULL), (879,'1874',NULL,'Painter known particularly for his meditative winter scenes rendered in the tonalist tradition. Carlson also painted landscapes of the Far West and the Canadian Rockies, founded the John F. Carlson School of Landscape Painting in Woodstock, N.Y., and authored Elementary Principles of Landscape Painting (1928).
','2009-12-15 08:26:03','2009-12-15 08:26:03','John F. Carlson',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1945','747',10,'Kolsebro, Sweden','New York, New York','--- \n- John Fabian Carlson\n',NULL), (880,'1816',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:03','2009-12-15 08:26:03','William Tolman Carlton',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1888','748',10,'Boston, Massachusetts','Dorchester, Massachusetts','--- \n- William T. Carlton\n',NULL), (881,'1900',NULL,'Born in Bonnières, France, Jean Carlu came from a family of architects and studied to enter that profession. After an accident at the age of eighteen in which he lost his right arm, Carlu turned to graphic design. His early work reveals a fascination with the angular forms and spatial nuances of Cubism.
As Carlu's work evolved over the next two decades, it continued to show a concern with the geometric shapes of Cubism, but this was manifested in very different ways. Carlu sought to create a symbolic language in which color, line, and content would represent emotional values. His work thus achieved a distinctive, streamlined economy of form, rarely incorporating narrative or illustrative elements.
Carlu spent the years of World War II in the United States, where he executed a number of important poster designs for the government's war effort. Characterized by the same scientific precision of form as his other work, these designs were well suited to the promotion of industrial efficiency. Both American and international design traditions continue to reflect his influence.
','2009-12-15 08:26:03','2009-12-15 08:26:03','Jean Carlu',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1997','749',10,'Bonnieres-sur-Seine, France','Nogent-sur-Marne, France',NULL,NULL), (882,'1810',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:03','2009-12-15 08:26:03','Johann Hermann Carmiencke',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1867','750',10,'Hamburg, Germany','Brooklyn, New York','--- \n- Herman Carmiencke\n- John Hermann Carmiencke\n',NULL), (883,'1838',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:03','2009-12-15 08:26:03','Emile Auguste Carolus-Duran',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1917','751',10,'Lille, France','Paris, France','--- \n- Charles Emile Auguste Carolus-Duran\n',NULL), (884,'1827',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:03','2009-12-15 08:26:03','Jean Baptiste Carpeaux',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1875','752',10,'Valenciennes, France','Courbevoie, France','--- \n- J. B. Carpeaux\n- Jules Baptiste Carpeaux\n',NULL), (885,'1889',NULL,'"You may know your business, but no one else will, if you don't advertise." Miles Carpenter's successful lumber and ice business, active after 1912, needed little promotion, and his first small carvings of animals and figures, made during the early 1940s, were essentially pastimes. After retiring in 1955, the industrious Carpenter opened a roadside store offering ice, soda pop, and vegetables. In 1960 he began carving trade signs for the new business. After his wife's death in 1966,Carpenter devoted himself to a third career—carving sculptures. Many he called "advertisements"; others were benevolent interpretations of contemporary history and human nature. Still others were meant to entertain children and adults alike, and some were decorative pieces. All reflect his astute grasp of an audience, his unerring ability to extract forms from wood, and his delight in tinkering with materials at hand.
After 1966 Carpenter carved figures and animals that he displayed in the flatbed of his pickup truck, which he strategically parked next to his roadside stand or drove throughthe community. Indian Woman [SAAM 1986.65.235] was one of the first "advertisements." Although her wardrobe changed over the years, she has always worn the clothing of Carpenter's late wife. A male Indian figure and a boy were among her companions in the truck and, locally, the trio was considered a portrait of Carpenter's family. … Carpenter was discovered by the contemporary art world in 1972. As carvings in the truck sold, he substituted new works, often the watermelon slices, "monkey dogs," "root monsters," and small farm animals that became the staple of Carpenter's repertoire.
','2009-12-15 08:26:03','2009-12-15 08:26:03','Miles Burkholder Carpenter',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1985','753',10,'Brownstown, Pennsylvania','Petersburg, Virginia','--- \n- Miles B. Carpenter\n- Miles Carpenter\n',NULL), (886,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:03','2009-12-15 08:26:03','Carr',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'754',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (887,'1913',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:03','2009-12-15 08:26:03','Mario Carreno',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'755',10,'Havana, Cuba',NULL,NULL,NULL), (888,'1946',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:03','2009-12-15 08:26:03','Bobbi Carrey',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'756',10,'New York, New York',NULL,NULL,NULL), (889,'1851',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:03','2009-12-15 08:26:03','Pierre Carrier-Belleuse',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1935','757',10,'Paris, France','Paris, France',NULL,NULL), (890,'1882',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:03','2009-12-15 08:26:03','Grace Neville Carrothers',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'758',10,'Abington, Indiana',NULL,'--- \n- Grace Neville Carrothers\n',NULL), (891,'1944',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:03','2009-12-15 08:26:03','Jon Carsman',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'759',10,'Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania',NULL,NULL,NULL), (892,'1917',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:03','2009-12-15 08:26:03','Sol Kent Carson',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'760',10,'Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',NULL,'--- \n- Sol Carson\n',NULL), (893,'1904',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:03','2009-12-15 08:26:03','Clarence Holbrook Carter',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2000','761',10,'Portsmouth, Ohio','Milford, New Jersey','--- \n- Clarence Carter\n- Clarence H. Carter\n',NULL), (894,'1941',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:03','2009-12-15 08:26:03','John Randolph Carter',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'762',10,'Grand Rapids, Michigan',NULL,'--- \n- John Carter\n',NULL), (895,'1943',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:03','2009-12-15 08:26:03','Virginia Cartwright',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'763',10,'Los Angeles, California',NULL,NULL,NULL), (896,'1904',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:03','2009-12-15 08:26:03','Page Cary',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'764',10,'Los Angeles, California',NULL,NULL,NULL), (897,'1920',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:03','2009-12-15 08:26:03','Edmond Casarella',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'765',10,'Newark, New Jersey',NULL,NULL,NULL), (898,'1910',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:03','2009-12-15 08:26:03','August Casciano',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1993','766',10,'Providence, Rhode Island','Providence, Rhode Island',NULL,NULL), (899,'1937',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:03','2009-12-15 08:26:03','Reginald Case',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009','767',10,'Watertown, New York',NULL,NULL,NULL), (900,'1901',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:03','2009-12-15 08:26:03','A. Mouron Cassandre',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1968','768',10,'Kharkov, Russia','Paris, France','--- \n- Adolphe Mouron\n- Adolphe Jean-Marie Mouron Cassandre\n',NULL), (901,'1913',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:03','2009-12-15 08:26:03','Frank Cassara',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'769',10,'Partinico, Italy',NULL,'--- \n- Frank Cassara\n',NULL), (902,'1844',NULL,'Born to a prominent Pennsylvania family, Mary Cassatt spent her artistic career in Europe. Though unmarried, she was no stranger to the family life she so often depicted: her parents and sister moved to Paris in 1877 and her two brothers and their families visited frequently. Today considered an Impressionist, Cassatt exhibited with such artists as Monet, Pissarro, and her close friend Degas, and shared with them an independent spirit, refusing throughout her life to be associated with any art academy or to accept any prizes. She stands alone, however, in her depictions of the activities of women in their worlds: caring for children, reading, crocheting, pouring tea, and enjoying the company of other women.
','2009-12-15 08:26:03','2009-12-30 18:29:58','Mary Cassatt',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1926','770',10,'Allegheny City, Pennsylvania','Mesnil-Theribus, France','--- \n- Mary Stevenson Cassatt\n- Mary Stevenson\n',NULL), (903,'1879',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:03','2009-12-15 08:26:03','Ira D. Gerald Cassidy',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1934','771',10,'Covington, Kentucky','Santa Fe, New Mexico','--- \n- Ira Diamond Gerald Cassidy\n- Gerald Cassidy\n',NULL), (904,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:03','2009-12-15 08:26:03','Marie P. Castegnier',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'772',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (905,'1914',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:03','2009-12-15 08:26:03','Federico Castellon',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1971','773',10,'Almeria, Spain','New York, New York','--- \n- Federico C. Castellon y Martinez\n',NULL), (906,'1870',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:03','2009-12-15 08:26:03','Claudio Castelucho',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1927','774',10,'Barcelona, Spain','Le Plessis Robinson, France',NULL,NULL), (907,'1877',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:03','2009-12-15 08:26:03','Eda Nemoede Casterton',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1969','775',10,'Brillion, Wisconsin','Palos Verdes Estates, California','--- \n- Mrs. Eda Nemoede Casterton\n- Eda Nemoede\n- W. J. Casterton\n- William J. Casterton\n',NULL), (908,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:03','2009-12-15 08:26:03','Ameliano del Castillo',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'776',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (909,'1932',NULL,'Born in Emporia, Kansas, Wendell Castle earned a B.F.A. degree in sculpture in 1958 and an M.F.A. in industrial design in 1961 at the University of Kansas. From 1962 to 1969 Castle taught at the Rochester Insititute of Technology and then joined the faculty of the State University of New York in Brockport. In 1980 he established the Wendell Castle School, a nonprofit educational institution offering instruction in furniture design and fine woodworking. In 1988 the school was incorporated into the furniture making program at Rochester Insitutue of Technology.
A self-taught craftsman, Castle has been in the forefront of contemporary art furniture design for more than three decades. Renowned for his superb workmanship and his development of lamination techniques, Castle creates furntiure that combines exotic materials and imaginative designs with a whimsical approach to his craft.
','2009-12-15 08:26:03','2009-12-30 18:29:58','Wendell Castle',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'777',10,'Emporia, Kansas',NULL,'--- \n- Wendell Keith Castle\n',NULL), (910,'1939',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:03','2009-12-15 08:26:03','Rosemarie Castoro',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'778',10,'New York, New York',NULL,NULL,NULL), (911,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:03','2009-12-15 08:26:03','Guiseppe Catalano',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'779',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (912,'1682',NULL,'Mark Catesby, an English naturalist, came to Williamsburg, Virginia, in 1712 and spent the next several years sketching and collecting plants and animals from Virginia's tidewater region. His research and pioneering work in scientific illustration established him as America's foremost natural history artist, a status secured by the publication of his Natural History of Carolina, Florida, and the Bahama Islands in 1731 and his Natural History of Uncommon Birds in 1772. Catesby's descriptions of the habits of birds were the first to be read by Europeans, and until his work was eclipsed by John James Audubon's Birds of America almost a century later, his Natural History remained the best illustrated record of the flora and fauna in North America.
','2009-12-15 08:26:03','2009-12-15 08:26:03','Mark Catesby',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1749','780',10,'Essex, England','London, England',NULL,NULL), (913,'1915',NULL,'Born in Washington, D.C., lives in Mexico. Prizewinning artist, teacher whose prints and sculptures, such as Homage to My Young Black Sisters (1968) and later works, express her concern about social problems.
','2009-12-15 08:26:03','2009-12-30 18:29:58','Elizabeth Catlett',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'781',10,'Washington, District of Columbia',NULL,'--- \n- Alice Elizabeth Catlett\n- Elizabeth Catlett-Mora\n- Elizabeth Catlett Mora\n',NULL), (914,'1796',NULL,'"If my life be spared, nothing shall stop me from visiting every nation of Indians on the Continent of North America." With these words George Catlin staked his artistic claim. He was the first great painter to travel beyond the Mississippi to paint the Indians, and his Indian Gallery, staggering in its ambition and scope, is one of the wonders of the nineteenth century.
Catlin was just seven years old in 1803 when Thomas Jefferson sent Lewis and Clark on a three-year expedition to explore the newly acquired Louisiana Purchase. In 1830, Catlin made his initial pilgrimage to St. Louis to meet William Clark and learn from him all he could of the western lands he hoped to visit. He would have only a short time to accomplish his goal—to capture with canvas and paint the essence of Indian life and culture. In that same year, the Indian Removal Act commenced the twelve-year action that would remove the remaining Indians from land east of the Mississippi. Within a few years, the Mandan would be decimated by smallpox; with in a few decades, the number of buffalo would drop from millions to a few thousand, and the high prairies would be crosshatched by the plow and the railroad.
When he undertook his first journey, George Catlin turned his back on a first career as a Philadelphia lawyer and a second as a miniaturist. In 1832 he traveled more than 1800 miles up the Missouri River from St. Louis. By the decade's end, he had painted more than 500 portraits, scenes, and landscapes and accumulated an astonishing collection of Indian artifacts. He had exhibited his collection in major American cities, and in 1839 he crossed the Atlantic to display his Indian Gallery in London and eventually Paris and Brussels as well.
Not merely a painter, Catlin also considered himself a scientist, explorer, author, and entrepreneur. While touring with his Gallery, he fell so deeply into debt that he lost almost the entire collection. His compulsion to continue was so strong he re-created more than 400 paintings and undertook further travels to paint 200 additional images covering North and South America. He believed that his Indian Gallery was a national treasure, worthy of preservation by the United States government. Though he did not live to see his wish fulfilled, the original Indian Gallery came to the Smithsonian seven years after his death in 1872.
','2009-12-15 08:26:03','2009-12-15 08:26:03','George Catlin',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1872','782',10,'Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania','Jersey City, New Jersey',NULL,NULL), (915,'1924',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:04','2009-12-15 08:26:04','Robert Cato',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'783',10,'New Orleans, Louisiana',NULL,'--- \n- Robert Louis Cato\n- Bob Cato\n',NULL), (916,'1622',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:04','2009-12-15 08:26:04','Bernardo Cavallino',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'784',10,'Naples, Italy','Naples, Italy',NULL,NULL), (917,'1905',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:04','2009-12-15 08:26:04','Albino Cavallito',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1966','785',10,'Cocconato, Italy','New York, ',NULL,NULL), (918,'1904',NULL,'When he was sixteen, Cavallon immigrated to the United States from Sorio, a small town in the province of Vicenza, Italy. He worked for several years in a factory in Massachusetts while studying art privately, and in 1926, he went to New York.(1) During night sessions at the National Academy of Design, Cavallon took the antique class and worked from casts. After five years at the academy, he left his daytime work as a carpenter and began full-time study for six months. There he met Ilya Bolotowsky, Lee Krasner, Byron Browne, and others. He spent two summers in Provincetown studying with Charles Hawthorne, who taught him to put aside drawing and instead work directly with color. Although Cavallon's painting at this point was still relatively conventional, he already thought of himself as "modern" and began to speak out against the academy's curriculum.
Despite this, Cavallon had become an accomplished painter under the academy's tutelage. In 1929, he received a Louis Comfort Tiffany fellowship that provided living quarters and studio space at the Tiffany estate at Oyster Bay, New York, for a summer. When the Depression struck, Cavallon returned to Italy where he remained for three years. Back in New York in 1933, he studied drawing with Hans Hofmann in exchange for carpentry work. During the summers he returned with Hofmann's class to Provincetown. Among the Hofmann group, he became especially friendly with George McNeil, Harry Bowden, and Albert Swinden. Although he did not yet profess to fully understand abstract art, Cavallon began looking at Picasso, Braque, and JeanHélion. Unlike many of his contemporaries, Cavallon found little inspiration in Picasso; instead he admiredthe structural solidity of Céanne and Hélion. Although in 1935 Cavallon exhibited landscapes done in Italy, he soon moved toward abstraction, initially working from still-life compositions that showed evidence of Céanne's influence. Once determined to put subject matter aside altogether, he moved quickly toward the freely brushed geometric phrasing apparent in Country Scene of 1938. In his paintings of the late 1930s, Cavallon often employed a loose grid structure, which led critics to suggest an interest in Mondrian; yet Cavallon was more concerned with light and evocations of landscape than with the strict formal structure of the Dutch master.
As a Hofmann student, Cavallon was friendly with the organizers of the American Abstract Artists, and he exhibited in the group's annual exhibitions from 1937 until 1957. In 1946, Cavallon joined Charles Egan's gallery and had his first one-man show in eleven years. Although sales were few, Cavallon found himself in a supportive environment and enjoyed arguing art with Willem de Kooning, Jack Tworkov, Franz Kline, Philip Guston, and the other artists who showed there. He became a charter member of the Club—the group of Abstract Expressionists who habituated the Cedar Bar—and participated in the group's Ninth Street Show in 1949. After Egan closed his space, Cavallon exhibited at Stable Gallery, and then at Kootz Gallery in New York. He taught briefly at the University of North Carolina and served as visiting critic in painting at Yale University in 1964.
1. For further information about Cavallon, see Giorgio Cavallon, Paintings 1937–1977(Purchase, N.Y.: Neuberger Museum, State University of New York at Purchase, 1977).
','2009-12-15 08:26:04','2009-12-15 08:26:04','Giorgio Cavallon',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1989','786',10,'Sorio, Italy','New York, New York','--- \n- G. Cavallon\n',NULL), (919,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:04','2009-12-15 08:26:04','Chuck Cave',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'787',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (920,'1895',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:04','2009-12-15 08:26:04','Kathrin Cawein',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'788',10,'New London, Connecticut',NULL,'--- \n- Seabory Cone Mastick\n',NULL), (921,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:04','2009-12-15 08:26:04','Alvar Cawen',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'789',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (922,'1868',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:04','2009-12-15 08:26:04','Jules Cayron',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1940','790',10,'Paris, France',NULL,NULL,NULL), (923,'1841',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:04','2009-12-15 08:26:04','Jean Charles Cazin',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1901','791',10,'Samer, France','Lavandou, France','--- \n- J. C. Cazin\n',NULL), (924,'1894',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:04','2009-12-15 08:26:04','Gaetano Cecere',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1985','792',10,'New York, New York',NULL,NULL,NULL), (925,'1868',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:04','2009-12-30 18:29:59','Adolphe Dechenaud',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1929','793',10,', France','Paris, France','--- \n- \"Adolphe D\\xC3\\xA9chenaud\"\n- Adolphe Dechaenaud\n- Louis-Adolphe Dechenaud\n- Adolphe Deschenaux\n',NULL), (926,'1884',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:04','2009-12-15 08:26:04','Arthur E. Cederquist',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1954','794',10,'Titusville, Pennsylvania','Titusville, Pennsylvania','--- \n- A. Cederquist\n- Arthur Cederquist\n- Arthur Emanuel Cederquist\n',NULL), (927,'1946',NULL,'Born in Altadena, California, John Cederquist earned a B.A. degree in art in 1969 and an M.A. in crafts in 1971 at California State University at Long Beach. Since 1976, he has taught two- and three-dimensional design at Saddleback College in Mission Viejo, California.
Cederquist's involvement with the contemporary woodworking movement was largely influenced by Wendell Castle. Cederquist's early work adhered to the prevailing aesthetic of sculptural anthropomorphic forms that emphasized the qualities of wood. Fascinated by perspective and the illusion of depth and space that can be suggested on a two-dimenional plane, he began to explore imagery within the context of traditional furntiure forms, creating trompe-l'oeil illusions of ambiguity and disquieting presence. Cederquist draws his imagery from numerous graphic sources, including Japanese woodblock prints, comic strips, television, and advertising. In the mid-to late 1980s he began to use the image of classic American high chests in conjunction with shipping crates to create elaborate fractured images that bring to mind cubism.
','2009-12-15 08:26:04','2009-12-15 08:26:04','John Cederquist',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'795',10,'Altadena, California',NULL,'--- \n- John Carl Cederquist\n',NULL), (928,'1902',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:04','2009-12-15 08:26:04','Daniel Celentano',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1980','796',10,'New York, New York',NULL,'--- \n- Daniel Ralph Celentano\n- Daniel R. Celentano\n',NULL), (929,'1882',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:04','2009-12-15 08:26:04','Celestino Celestini',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1961','797',10,'Citta di Castello, Italy','Florence, Italy',NULL,NULL), (930,'1905',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:04','2009-12-15 08:26:04','Jennie Cell',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1988','798',10,'Charleston, Illinois','Charleston, Illinois',NULL,NULL), (931,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:04','2009-12-15 08:26:04','Anna D. Celletti',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'799',10,NULL,NULL,'--- \n- Anna Celletti\n',NULL), (932,'1897',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:04','2009-12-15 08:26:04','Gustavo Cenci',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1982','800',10,'Terni, Italy','Cairo, New York','--- \n- Gustavo Othello Cenci\n',NULL), (933,'1915',NULL,'Pedro Cervántez was born in New Mexico in 1915. In the mid-1930s he was hired by the Works Progress Administration in New Mexico to paint reproductions of older religious images. The reproductions were distributed to schools and other local public buildings, where they could be appreciated by those who lacked access to art museums. Cervántez proved to be such a talented artist that he was given a job in the easel-painting division of the WPA Federal Art Project, where he was encouraged to paint scenes that interested him. He lives in Texico, New Mexico.
','2009-12-15 08:26:04','2009-12-15 08:26:04','Pedro Cervantez',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'801',10,'Wilcox, Arizona',NULL,'--- \n- Pedro L. Cervantez\n',NULL), (934,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:04','2009-12-15 08:26:04','J. Cesare',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'802',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (935,'1864',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:04','2009-12-30 18:29:59','Arsene Chabanian',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1949','803',10,'Erzurum, Turkey','Paris, France','--- \n- \"Ars\\xC3\\xA8ne Chabanian\"\n',NULL), (936,'1869',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:04','2009-12-15 08:26:04','Paul Chabas',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1937','804',10,'Nantes, France','Paris, France','--- \n- Paul Emile Joseph Chabas\n- Paul Emile Chabas\n',NULL), (937,'1879',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:04','2009-12-15 08:26:04','William Chadwick',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1962','805',10,', England','Old Lyme, Connecticut',NULL,NULL), (938,'1883',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:04','2009-12-15 08:26:04','Ada Gilmore Chaffee',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1955','806',10,'Kalamazoo, Michigan','Provincetown, Massachusetts','--- \n- Ada Gilmore\n- Ada Gilmore\n',NULL), (939,'1881',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:04','2009-12-15 08:26:04','Oliver Chaffee',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1944','807',10,'Detroit, Michigan','Asheville, North Carolina','--- \n- Oliver Newberry Chaffee\n- Oliver N. Chaffee\n',NULL), (940,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:04','2009-12-15 08:26:04','R. M. Chalmers',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'808',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (941,'1856',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:04','2009-12-15 08:26:04','Jefferson David Chalfant',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1931','810',10,', Pennsylvania',', Delaware','--- \n- J. D. Chalfant\n',NULL), (942,'1893',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:04','2009-12-15 08:26:04','Rene Paul Chambellan',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1955','811',10,'West Hoboken, New Jersey','Jersey City, New Jersey','--- \n- Rene P. Chambellan\n- R. P. Chambellan\n',NULL), (943,'1928',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:04','2009-12-15 08:26:04','Elwyn Chamberlain',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'812',10,'Minneapolis, Minnesota',NULL,NULL,NULL), (944,'1914',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:04','2009-12-15 08:26:04','Glenn Chamberlain',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'813',10,'Cainesville, Missouri',NULL,'--- \n- Glenn Booth Chamberlain\n',NULL), (945,'1927',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:04','2009-12-15 08:26:04','John Chamberlain',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'814',10,'Rochester, Indiana',NULL,'--- \n- John Angus Chamberlain\n- John A. Chamberlain\n',NULL), (946,'1887',NULL,'Painter. Chamberlain was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan, and received artistic training in Holland and France. His career was interrupted by World War I, after which he moved to California and resumed painting (1921). During the Depression, he worked for both the Public Works of Art Project and the Treasury Department Relief Art Project. He was commissioned by the latter to decorate the Hunting Park, California, post office. For the PWAP, Chamberlain painted several Indian subjects, the material for which he had gathered during summers in Taos in the the twenties and early thirties. Indian themes and mural design sketched in New Mexico continued to influence his work long after his return to California.
','2009-12-15 08:26:04','2009-12-15 08:26:04','Norman S. Chamberlain',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1961','815',10,'Fennville, Michigan','Orange, California','--- \n- Norman Stiles Chamberlain\n',NULL), (947,'1895',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:04','2009-12-15 08:26:04','Samuel Chamberlain',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1975','816',10,'Cresco, Iowa','Marblehead, Massachusetts','--- \n- Samuel Emery Chamberlain\n- Phineas Beck\n',NULL), (948,'1928',NULL,'Wynn Chamberlain received an M.A. degree from the University of Wisconsin in 1950 and had his first solo exhibition in Milwaukee the following year. Over the next ten years, Chamberlain painted highly detailed landscapes and interior scenes, as well as allegories based on the compositional formats of northern Renaissance painting. The allegories are modern statements on such portentous themes as the aftermath of war, while the landscapes and interiors, which frequently show isolated figures, deal with the human condition in more personal terms. In the 1960s Chamberlain turned from representational subjects to symbolic, gestural abstractions.
','2009-12-15 08:26:04','2009-12-15 08:26:04','Wynn Chamberlain',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'817',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (949,'1932',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:04','2009-12-15 08:26:04','Wesley Chamberlin',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1990','818',10,'Huntington Park, California',NULL,NULL,NULL), (950,'1808',NULL,'Since the 1940s, Thomas Chambers has been a publicly recognized artist, known primarily for his marine paintings and scenes of the Hudson River Valley. Although some of his work is known to be based on prints by W. H. Bartlett and others, Chambers's compositions are not imitations. His work is highly individual and imaginative—characterized by areas of bright, flat color, large generalized forms, and sharp contrasts between light and dark areas.
','2009-12-15 08:26:04','2009-12-30 18:29:59','Thomas Chambers',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1869','819',10,'Whitby, England','Whitby, England',NULL,NULL), (951,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:04','2009-12-15 08:26:04','Juan Ruiz Chamizo',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'820',10,NULL,NULL,'--- \n- Juan Chamizo\n',NULL), (952,'1894',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:04','2009-12-15 08:26:04','Dane Chanase',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1975','821',10,', Italy','New York, New York','--- \n- Richard Dane Chanase\n- Richard D. Chanase\n- Riccardo Dane Chanase\n',NULL), (953,'1866',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:04','2009-12-15 08:26:04','George Walter Chandler',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'822',10,'Milwaukee, Wisconsin',NULL,'--- \n- George W. Chandler\n',NULL), (954,'1908',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:04','2009-12-15 08:26:04','Ruth Chaney',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1973','823',10,'Kansas City, Missouri',NULL,NULL,NULL), (955,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:04','2009-12-15 08:26:04','James John Chant',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'824',10,'London, England',NULL,'--- \n- J. J. Chant\n',NULL), (956,'1825',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:04','2009-12-15 08:26:04','Charles Chaplin',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1891','826',10,'Andelys, France','Paris, France','--- \n- Charles Joshua Chaplin\n',NULL), (957,'1879',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:04','2009-12-15 08:26:04','Charles S. Chapman',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1962','827',10,'Morristown, New York','Leonia, New Jersey','--- \n- Charles Shepard Chapman\n- Charles Chapman\n',NULL), (958,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:04','2009-12-15 08:26:04','Chapman',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'828',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (959,'1808',NULL,'Although he struggled financially during his lifetime, Chapman led a distinguished artistic career. He studied in Washington, D.C., under Charles Bird King and then in Philadelphia at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. In 1828 he traveled to Rome and Florence to continue his education. One of his European works was the first by an American to be engraved for distribution in Italy. In 1831 he returned to America, dividing his time between New York and Washington, exhibiting frequently, and gaining a reputation as a portrait painter. He also assumed a prominent role as a founding member of the Century Club in New York. Chapman is credited as the first popular book illustrator in America. He produced fourteen hundred wood engravings for Harper's Illuminated Bible (1843–46) and published The American Drawing-Book, which was reprinted several times from 1847 to 1858. His most notable achievements are his history paintings and portraits of famous American heroes. From 1849 to 1884 he lived in Europe. A visit to Mexico late in life suggests that he may have toured the West, and a recurring interest in Indian subjects is apparent in his work.
References
William Campbell, John Gadsby Chapman: Painter and Illustrator (Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art, 1962); Georgia Stamm Chamberlain, Studies on J. G. Chapman, American Artist, 1808–1889 (Annandale, Va.; Turnpike, 1963); Cosentino and Glassie, Capital Image, 44ndash;50, 235ndash;56.
Chase graduated from City College of New York, where he also received his M.A. degree. He taught for six years in vocational schools before he had his first solo show at A. C. A. Galleries in 1973. A realist with a predilection for geometric abstraction, Chase works loosely from photographs, but dissects and reconstructs the buildings, store fronts, streets, bridges, and skies captured by his camera. Chase's urban landscapes are devoid of people and action and possess a precise linearity and atmospheric clarity that derive from the rectilinear planes and surfaces of his subjects. A great admirer of J. M. W. Turner, Chase describes his scenes as memories of visual events and says his goal in painting is ambiguity: "the multiple levels that paint can achieve."
','2009-12-15 08:26:05','2009-12-15 08:26:05','Saul Chase',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'838',10,'New York, New York',NULL,'--- \n- Saul Alan Chase\n',NULL), (969,'1868',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:05','2009-12-15 08:26:05','Susan Brown Chase',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1948','839',10,'St. Louis, Missouri','Clearwater, Florida','--- \n- Volney Ogle Chase\n- V. O. Chase\n',NULL), (970,'1849',NULL,'Painter and teacher. Chase's early paintings, executed in dark tonalities, reflected his training in Munich; his later paintings, most notably scenes of Shinnecock, Long Island, were painted with a lightened palette, reflecting the influence of French Impressionism. He had a lengthy teaching career at the Art Students League, the New York School of Art, the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, and the summer school he founded on Long Island.
','2009-12-15 08:26:05','2009-12-30 18:30:00','William Merritt Chase',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1916','840',10,'Williamsburg, Indiana','New York, New York','--- \n- William M. Chase\n',NULL), (971,'1895',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:05','2009-12-30 18:30:00','Edouard Chassaing',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'841',10,'Clermont-Ferrand, France','Chicago, Illinois','--- \n- \"\\xC3\\x89douard Chassaing\"\n',NULL), (972,'1880',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:05','2009-12-15 08:26:05','C. K. Chatterton',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1973','842',10,'Newburgh, New York','Poughkeepsie, New York','--- \n- Clarence Kerr Chatterton\n- Clarence K. Chatterton\n',NULL), (973,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:05','2009-12-15 08:26:05','P. Chaux',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'843',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (974,'1917',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:05','2009-12-30 18:30:00','Edward Chavez',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1995','844',10,'Wagonmound, New Mexico','Woodstock, New York','--- \n- \"Eduard Ch\\xC3\\xA1vez\"\n- Edward Arcenio Chavez\n- Eduardo Arcenio Chavez\n',NULL), (975,'1915',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:05','2009-12-15 08:26:05','Manuel Chavez',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'845',10,'Cochiti Pueblo, New Mexico',NULL,'--- \n- Bob Chavez\n- Owu Tewa\n- Ow-U-Te-Wa\n- Echo of a Song\n',NULL), (976,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:05','2009-12-15 08:26:05','Santos Chavez',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'846',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (977,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:05','2009-12-15 08:26:05','V. Checa',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'847',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (978,'1896',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:05','2009-12-15 08:26:05','Asa Cheffetz',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1965','848',10,'Buffalo, New York','Springfield, Massachusetts',NULL,NULL), (979,'1912',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:05','2009-12-15 08:26:05','Chi Chen',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2005','849',10,'Wusih, China',NULL,NULL,NULL), (980,'1921',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:05','2009-12-15 08:26:05','Chi-kwan Chen',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'850',10,'Peking, China',NULL,NULL,NULL), (981,'1881',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:05','2009-12-15 08:26:05','Russell Cheney',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1945','853',10,'South Manchester, Connecticut','Kittery, Maine','--- \n- Russell K. Cheney\n',NULL), (982,'1836',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:05','2009-12-15 08:26:05','Jules Cheret',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1932','854',10,'Paris, France','Nice, France',NULL,NULL), (983,'1932',NULL,'Born in London, Ivan Chermayeff was educated at Harvard University, the Institute of Design in Chicago, and the Yale University School of Art and Architecture. In 1960 he and Tom Geismer founded the design firm Chermayeff and Geismer Associates, based in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Chermayeff has served on numerous important design committees, including the Yale Council Committee on Art, and is a trustee of the Museum of Modern Art in New York and a past president of the American Institute of Graphic Arts.
Influenced by the Bauhaus legacy of utilitarian order, Chermayeff has developed unique approaches to modernist graphic design that have gone beyond what he learned from that German school. As he explains, "I like to incorporate handwriting and the physical practice of putting things down . . . nails, tacks, tape, stickers and things that hold other things together on a temporary basis. . . . My tendency is to reveal that relationship rather than to disguise it."
Chermayeff's poster designs for civic and cultural organizations and numerous corporate clients, as well as his designs for book covers, have been exhibited in the United States, Japan, and Europe. Among his many awards are the Industrial Art Medal of the American Institute of Architects and the Gold Medal of the Philadelphia Museum of Art.
','2009-12-15 08:26:05','2009-12-15 08:26:05','Ivan Chermayeff',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'855',10,'London, England',NULL,NULL,NULL), (984,'1935',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:05','2009-12-15 08:26:05','Carl Chiarenza',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'856',10,'Rochester, New York',NULL,NULL,NULL), (985,'1891',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:05','2009-12-15 08:26:05','Cecil Chichester',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'857',10,'New York, New York',NULL,NULL,NULL), (986,'1937',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:05','2009-12-15 08:26:05','Clifford Chieffo',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'858',10,'New Haven, Connecticut',NULL,'--- \n- Clifford Toby Chieffo\n- Clifford T. Chieffo\n',NULL), (987,'1941',NULL,'Born in Tacoma, Washington, Dale Chihuly studied with Harvey Littleton, founder of the studio glass movement, at the University of Wisconsin and received an M.F.A. degree from the Rhode Island School of Design in 1968. Chihuly was a co-founder of the Pilchuk Glass School in Stanwood, Washington, and is former director of the glass program at the Rhode Island School of Design. He currently works in Seattle, where he collaborates with and directs a team of glassblowers to produce his signature chandeliers, sea forms, baskets, and cylinders.
Among his many honors are the Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation Award in 1967 and a Fulbright fellowship to Murano, Italy, in 1968. In 1993 Chihuly designed stage sets for the Seattle Opera Companys production of Debussy's Pelleas et Melisande. In another site-specific installation, Chihuly traveled to Italy to display his massive chandeliers over Venetian canals in a 1996 exhibition entitled Chihuly Over Venice.
','2009-12-15 08:26:05','2009-12-15 08:26:05','Dale Chihuly',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'859',10,'Tacoma, Washington',NULL,'--- \n- Dale Patrick Chihuly\n',NULL), (988,'1950',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:05','2009-12-15 08:26:05','Philip Childers',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'861',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (989,'1910',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:05','2009-12-15 08:26:05','Bernard Childs',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1985','862',10,'New York, New York',', New York',NULL,NULL), (990,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:05','2009-12-15 08:26:05','Childs and Inman',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'863',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (991,'1921',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:05','2009-12-15 08:26:05','Thomas Chimes',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009','864',10,'Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',NULL,'--- \n- Thomas James Chimes\n- Tom Chimes\n',NULL), (992,'1896',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:05','2009-12-15 08:26:05','Chee Chin S. Cheung Lee',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1966','865',10,'Hoy Ping, China','San Francisco, California','--- \n- Chee Chin S. Chung Lee\n- Chee Chin\n- Chee Chin Lee\n',NULL), (993,'1922',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:05','2009-12-15 08:26:05','Yuen Yuey Chinn',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'866',10,'Canton, China',NULL,'--- \n- Yuen-Yuey Chinn\n',NULL), (994,'1928',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:05','2009-12-15 08:26:05','Peter Chinni',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'867',10,'Mount Kisco, New York',NULL,'--- \n- Peter Anthony Chinni\n- Peter A. Chinni\n',NULL), (995,'1907',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:05','2009-12-15 08:26:05','Marie Z. Chino',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'868',10,NULL,NULL,'--- \n- Mary Z. Chino\n- Mary Chino\n',NULL), (996,'1943',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:05','2009-12-15 08:26:05','Dale Chisman',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'869',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (997,'1937',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:05','2009-12-15 08:26:05','Henry Chodkowski',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'870',10,'Hartford, Connecticut',NULL,'--- \n- Henry Chodkowski, Jr.\n',NULL), (998,'1912',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:05','2009-12-15 08:26:05','Fay Chong',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1973','871',10,'Canton, China',', Washington',NULL,NULL), (999,'1936',NULL,'Born in Alabama. An artist of national acclaim, equally known for his photographs of the South and his disturbing sculptural pieces.
','2009-12-15 08:26:05','2009-12-15 08:26:05','William Christenberry',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'872',10,'Tuscaloosa, Alabama',NULL,'--- \n- William Andrew Christenberry\n- William A. Christenberry, Jr.\n- Bill Christenberry\n',NULL), (1000,'1942',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:05','2009-12-15 08:26:05','Dan Christensen',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2007','873',10,'Cozad, Nebraska','East Hampton, New York','--- \n- Daniel James Christensen\n',NULL), (1001,'1911',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:05','2009-12-15 08:26:05','Grant Wright Christian',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'874',10,'Edinburg, Indiana',NULL,NULL,NULL), (1002,'1891',NULL,'Arthur N. Christie was born in Jersey City, New Jersey, and studied at Pratt Institute, the American Artists' School, with Stefan Hirsch, and later with Hans Hofmann in New York and Provincetown, Massachusetts.(1) Christie began doing abstract painting about 1931. From 1937 to 1941, he exhibited with the American Abstract Artists. During the late 1920s and 1930s Christie worked as a designer of bank notes and currency. Among his accomplishments were designs for the national currency of Panama, the Dominican Republic, Guatemala, and Turkey. He later worked for the New York office of civil defense.
Christie's paintings and drawings indicate his thorough acquaintance with Hans Hofmann's theories of space and balance within the picture plane. Both Regatta and Kilimanjaro draw from the natural world for their motifs, but the highly abstracted, rhythmic line with which they are executed indicates Christie's thorough conversion to modernist aesthetics and reflects ideas expressed in one of his few extant statements: "In presenting a work in the abstract we are manipulating hard/edge form. The evolving idea is couched in the landscape of form. And is transmitted by a plastic motility. Inherent in a calligraphy of form and/or line/the subliminal is indicated."(2)
In his later work, Christie explored Abstract Expressionism. In several highly detailed sketches for sculpture, he explored the juxtaposition of open and solid form using wire and wood. Christie did a large number of sketches from life and was fascinated with the human form in motion. He thought of himself as an artistic researcher and for a series of drawings designed a situation to test the validity of artistic transcription. He invited a dancer to improvise before two artists who made abstract sketches of the dancer's movements. A second dancer was then asked to use the drawings as a basis for duplicating the improvisation. The artists could then assess the effectiveness with which they had captured the postures, movements, and rhythmic changes of their subject.
A resident of New York in midcareer, Christie subsequently moved to Philadelphia where his paintings were occasionally featured in group exhibitions.
1. Apart from a few gallery announcements and an undated review of an exhibition inthe Arthur N. Christie Papers, Archives ofAmerican Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., little published material exists from which to reconstruct Christie'slife and career. Even Christie's papers offer little substantive evidence. Among them are his handwritten quotes by other artists,critics, and literary figures, and a large number of drawings, most of which are undated.
2. From handwritten notes entitled "These are the researches of A.N. Christie," which appear to be a draft for a catalogue statement; see Christie Papers, Archives of American Art.
','2009-12-15 08:26:05','2009-12-15 08:26:05','Arthur N. Christie',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1980','875',10,'Jersey City, New Jersey',NULL,'--- \n- A. N. Christie\n',NULL), (1003,'1910',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:06','2009-12-15 08:26:06','Albert Christ-Janer',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1973','876',10,'Appleton, Minnesota','Como, Italy','--- \n- Albert William Christ-Janer\n',NULL), (1004,'1933',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:06','2009-12-15 08:26:06','Chryssa',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'877',10,'Athens, Greece',NULL,'--- \n- Vardea Chryssa\n',NULL), (1005,'1928',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:06','2009-12-15 08:26:06','John Chumley',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1984','878',10,'Rochester, Minnesota',NULL,'--- \n- John Wesley Chumley\n',NULL), (1006,'1942',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:06','2009-12-15 08:26:06','Chen Chun',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'879',10,', Cambodia',NULL,NULL,NULL), (1007,'1898',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:06','2009-12-15 08:26:06','David P. Chun',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1989','880',10,'Honolulu, Hawaii','San Francisco, California','--- \n- David Paul Chun\n- Fung Shan Chan\n',NULL), (1008,'1826',NULL,'Church and Thomas Cole, the two most esteemed painters of the Hudson River school, were associated from 1844 to 1846 as pupil and master. Church's early work, such as The Hooker Company Journeying Through the Wilderness, continues an allegorical trend of growing importance in Cole's late work. By the 1850s, however, Church leaned toward a more objective rendition of landscape, particularly in his New England scenes. Church is also well known for his South American views, his hugely successful Niagara, 1857 (The Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.), exotic subjects such as The Icebergs, 1861 (Dallas Museum of Fine Arts), and views of the Middle East. His comprehensive landscapes incorporate extensive botanical, meteorological, and geological information as well as an almost unshakable faith in a deistic universe.
References
David Huntington, The Landscapes of Frederic Edwin Church: Vision of an American Era (New York: Braziller, 1966); Kelly, Church; Franklin Kelly and Gerald L. Carr, The Early Landscapes of Frederic Edwin Church, 1845–1854 (Fort Worth: University of Texas Press, 1987).
Originally an abstract painter with ties to Surrealism, Cicero studied at Hunter College with Robert Motherwell and Hans Hofmann. During the 1950s he exhibited direct automatic drawings and abstractions based on his memories of places. In 1971, after a studio fire destroyed his entire body of work, Cicero was determined to begin anew. He moved from New Jersey into New York City and evolved a style dramatically different from that of his earlier years. Cicero now uses biting wit and figural distortion to create cartoonlike scenes that suggest states of mind or being rather than perceived reality. Although his new work is visually allied with Chicago Imagism of the 1970s and recent Neo-Expressionism, Cicero's roots as an artist go back to the beat generation and the work of such figures as James Dean and Jack Kerouac.
','2009-12-15 08:26:06','2009-12-15 08:26:06','Carmen Cicero',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'884',10,'Newark, New Jersey',NULL,'--- \n- Carmen Louis Cicero\n- Carmen L. Cicero\n',NULL), (1012,'1894',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:06','2009-12-15 08:26:06','Nicolai Cikovsky',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1984','885',10,'Pinsk, Russia','Washington, District of Columbia','--- \n- Nicolay Cikovsky\n',NULL), (1013,'1898',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:06','2009-12-15 08:26:06','Harry Cimino',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1969','886',10,'Marion, Indiana',NULL,'--- \n- Harry D. Cimino\n- H. Cimino\n',NULL), (1014,'1875',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:06','2009-12-15 08:26:06','Gustave Cimiotti',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1969','887',10,'New York, New York','New York, New York','--- \n- Gustave Cimiotti, Jr.\n',NULL), (1015,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:06','2009-12-15 08:26:06','Carmella Cirone',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'888',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (1016,'1896',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:06','2009-12-15 08:26:06','Minna Citron',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1991','889',10,'Newark, New Jersey','New York, New York','--- \n- Minna Wright\n- Minna Wright Citron\n',NULL), (1017,'1939',NULL,'Civitello graduated in 1961 from William Pater-son College and received an M.A. degree from New York University. He then spent two years in Italy as a Prix de Rome winner. On his return, Civitello—struck by the industrial quality of New York—was determined to transform the city's industrial machinery and architectural scenes into symbols of people and their environment. Blending the clarity of Charles Sheeler's Precisionism with spatial and light dislocations more typical of de Chirico, Civitello uses muted, pastel colors to soften the hard-edged geometry inherent in his subjects. The absence of people lends a surreal note to his work that is consistent with Civitello's exploration of the world of subjective reality.
','2009-12-15 08:26:06','2009-12-15 08:26:06','John Civitello',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'890',10,'Paterson, New Jersey',NULL,'--- \n- John Patrick Civitello\n',NULL), (1018,'1763',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:06','2009-12-15 08:26:06','Lambertus Antonius Claessens',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1834','891',10,'Antwerp, Flanders','Rueil, France','--- \n- Lambert Antoine Claessens\n',NULL), (1019,'1869',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:06','2009-12-15 08:26:06','Joseph C. Claghorn',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1947','892',10,'Philadelphia, Pennsylvania','Bethesda, Maryland','--- \n- J. C. Claghorn\n- Joseph Conover Claghorn\n',NULL), (1020,'1879',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:06','2009-12-15 08:26:06','William Henry Clapp',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1954','893',10,'Montreal, Canada',', California','--- \n- William H. Clapp\n- William Clapp\n',NULL), (1021,'1804',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:06','2009-12-15 08:26:06','Alvan Clark',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1887','894',10,'Ashfield, Massachusetts','Cambridge, Massachusetts','--- \n- Alvin Clark\n',NULL), (1022,'1877',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:06','2009-12-15 08:26:06','Cecil Clark Davis',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1955','895',10,'Chicago, Illinois','Marion, Massachusetts','--- \n- Cecil Clark\n- Cecil G. Clark\n',NULL), (1023,'1915',NULL,'Claude Clark has taught art since 1948 in Alabama and California and continues to research the roots of African-American art in Africa, specifically Ghana and Egypt.
','2009-12-15 08:26:06','2009-12-15 08:26:06','Claude Clark',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2007','896',10,'Rockingham, Georgia','Oakland, California','--- \n- Claude Clark\n',NULL), (1024,'1883',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:06','2009-12-15 08:26:06','Eliot Clark',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1980','897',10,'New York, New York','Charlottesville, Virginia','--- \n- Eliot Candee Clark\n',NULL), (1025,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:06','2009-12-15 08:26:06','Geraldine P. Clark',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'898',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (1026,'1943',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:06','2009-12-15 08:26:06','Larry Clark',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'899',10,'Tulsa, Oklahoma',NULL,'--- \n- Larry Lewis Legrand Clark\n',NULL), (1027,'1946',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:06','2009-12-15 08:26:06','Michael Clark',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'900',10,'Austin, Texas',NULL,'--- \n- Michael Vinson Clark\n',NULL), (1028,'1874',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:06','2009-12-15 08:26:06','Roland Clark',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1957','901',10,'New Rochelle, New York','Norwalk, Connecticut',NULL,NULL), (1029,'1848',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:06','2009-12-15 08:26:06','Walter Clark',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1917','902',10,'Brooklyn, New York','Bronxville, New York',NULL,NULL), (1030,'1937',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:06','2009-12-15 08:26:06','John Clem Clarke',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'903',10,'Bend, Oregon',NULL,NULL,NULL), (1031,'1902',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:06','2009-12-15 08:26:06','Wayne Claxton',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1983','905',10,'Malta, Ohio','Tucson, Arizona','--- \n- Wayne LeMere Claxton\n- Wayne L. Claxton\n',NULL), (1032,'1893',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:06','2009-12-15 08:26:06','Orlin E. Clayton',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1980','906',10,'Auburn, Illinois','Galesburg, Illinois','--- \n- Orlin Clayton\n',NULL), (1033,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:06','2009-12-15 08:26:06','Clegg and Guttman',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'907',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (1034,'1906',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:06','2009-12-15 08:26:06','Adrian D. Clem',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1977','908',10,'Keyser, West Virginia','Sarasota, Florida','--- \n- Adrian Clem\n',NULL), (1035,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:06','2009-12-15 08:26:06','J. T. Clemens',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'909',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (1036,'1911',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:06','2009-12-15 08:26:06','Paul Lewis Clemens',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'910',10,'Superior, Wisconsin',NULL,'--- \n- Paul L. Clemens\n- Paul Clemens\n',NULL), (1037,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:06','2009-12-15 08:26:06','John W. Clement',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'911',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (1038,'1882',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:06','2009-12-15 08:26:06','Mary Louisa Adams Clement',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1950','912',10,'Newbury, Massachusetts','Warrenton, Virginia',NULL,NULL), (1039,'1858',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:06','2009-12-15 08:26:06','Gabrielle de Veaux Clements',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1948','913',10,'Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',NULL,'--- \n- Gabrielle Clements\n- Gabrielle de Vaux Clements\n',NULL), (1040,'1905',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:06','2009-12-15 08:26:06','Grace Rivet Clements',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1969','914',10,'Oakland, California',NULL,'--- \n- Grace Clements\n- Grace Rivet\n',NULL), (1041,'1937',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:06','2009-12-15 08:26:06','Robert Clements',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'915',10,'Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania',NULL,'--- \n- Robert Donald Clements\n- Robert D. Clements\n',NULL), (1042,'1931',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:06','2009-12-15 08:26:06','Douglas Climenson',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'917',10,', Pennsylvania',NULL,NULL,NULL), (1043,'1944',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:06','2009-12-15 08:26:06','William Clift',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'918',10,'Boston, Massachusetts',NULL,'--- \n- William Brooks Clift III\n- William Brooks Clift\n',NULL), (1044,'1940',NULL,'Chuck Close was born in Monroe, Washington, in 1940 and received a BA degree from the University of Washington in Seattle in 1962. He attended the Yale Summer School of Music and Art in Norfolk, Connecticut, in 1961 and Yale University from 1962 to 1964, where he earned BFA and MFA degrees. In 1964 Close was awarded a Fulbright scholarship to study in Vienna, where he attended the Akademie der Bildenen Künste for a year. Settling in New York City in 1967, Close began working on large-scale portraits; composed of precisely made marks on a grid, they display his technical virtuosity. Close lives and works in New York City.
','2009-12-15 08:26:06','2009-12-15 08:26:06','Chuck Close',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'919',10,'Monroe, Washington',NULL,'--- \n- Charles Close\n',NULL), (1045,'1848',NULL,'Born October 13, 1848, in Thetford, Vt. Educated at the Thetford Academy. Worked as a clerk in the railroad office. Went to Boston as an apprentice wood engraver with Samuel S. Kilburn. Studied drawing at the Lowell Institute. Worked as a free-lance engraver for Century Co., Harper's and for various Boston book publishers. Shared a studio with George Fuller. Went to Europe, 1881–83, to engrave masterpieces for Harper's. Exhibited at the Paris Salon. Louis Prang's Homes and Haunts of the Poets (1886) included etchings by Closson. Developed a unique wood engraving technique, 1888. In Paris, 1888–89. Exhibited at the Salon. Quit engraving for painting, 1890. During the years 1907–17, lived in Washington, D.C., Boston, and Newton, Mass. Married Grace Worden Gallaudet Kendall, widow of Francis Lockwood Kendall and daughter of Dr. Edward Miner Gallaudet, president of Gallaudet College, Washington, D.C. Died May 30, 1926, in Hartford, Conn.
','2009-12-15 08:26:07','2009-12-15 08:26:07','William Baxter Closson',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1926','920',10,'Thetford, Vermont','Hartford, Connecticut','--- \n- William Baxter Palmer Closson\n- William B. Closson\n',NULL), (1046,'1893',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:07','2009-12-15 08:26:07','James Floyd Clymer',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'921',10,'Perkasie, Pennsylvania',NULL,'--- \n- J. F. Clymer\n- Floyd Clymer\n',NULL), (1047,'1890',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:07','2009-12-15 08:26:07','Griffith Baily Coale',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1950','922',10,'Baltimore, Maryland','Stonington, Connecticut','--- \n- Griffith B. Coale\n- Griffith Bailey Coale\n',NULL), (1048,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:07','2009-12-15 08:26:07','"Professor" John H. Coates',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'923',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (1049,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:07','2009-12-15 08:26:07','C. N. Cochin',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'924',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (1050,'1800',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:07','2009-12-15 08:26:07','Charles Codman',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1842','926',10,'Portland, Maine','Portland, Maine',NULL,NULL), (1051,'1847',NULL,'For his own delight and that of two young grandsons, farmer and woodworker Clark Coe constructed a larger-than-life mechanical tableau in a streamside clearing on his property in Killingworth, Connecticut. Applying personal ingenuity to vocational skills, Coe built approximately forty figures, a dam, a sluiceway, and a small water wheel. He fashioned each figure from scraps of baskets, barrels, and planks, or from tree limbs and trunks. He then added paint, makeshift hair, and old clothes.
Among Coe's water-driven figures were a fiddler playing; a mother cradling a child; and a wife browbeating a flirtatious husband—identified by an accusatory sign. Their movements produced a cacophony of creaks, groans, and scrapes, which only drought or ice stilled. …
Locally, Coe's playful ensemble was dubbed the "Killingworth Images." It attracted a regional audience until 1926 when the deteriorating site was dismantled and many of the figures were stored by the local historical society, where Robert Bishop found them during the early 1960s.
','2009-12-15 08:26:07','2009-12-15 08:26:07','Clark Coe',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1919','927',10,'Madison, Connecticut','Killingworth, Connecticut','--- \n- Clark W. Coe\n',NULL), (1052,'1916',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:07','2009-12-15 08:26:07','Eleanor Coen',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'928',10,'Normal, Illinois',NULL,'--- \n- Eleanor Jean Coen\n',NULL), (1053,'1937',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:07','2009-12-15 08:26:07','Douglas Coffey',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'929',10,'Cleveland Heights, Ohio',NULL,'--- \n- Douglas Robert Coffey\n',NULL), (1054,'1855',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:07','2009-12-15 08:26:07','William A. Coffin',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1925','930',10,'Allegheny, Pennsylvania','New York, New York','--- \n- William Anderson Coffin\n',NULL), (1055,'1943',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:07','2009-12-15 08:26:07','Alan Cohen',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'931',10,'Harrisburg, Pennsylvania',NULL,'--- \n- Alan Barry Cohen\n',NULL), (1056,'1919',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:07','2009-12-15 08:26:07','George Cohen',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'932',10,'Chicago, Illinois',NULL,NULL,NULL), (1057,'1935',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:07','2009-12-15 08:26:07','Harriet Cohen',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'933',10,NULL,NULL,'--- \n- Harriet Goodwin Cohen\n',NULL), (1058,'1927',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:07','2009-12-15 08:26:07','Jean Cohen',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'934',10,'New York, New York',NULL,NULL,NULL), (1059,'1903',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:07','2009-12-15 08:26:07','Max Arthur Cohn',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1998','935',10,'London, England','New York, New York','--- \n- Max Cohn\n',NULL), (1060,'1898',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:07','2009-12-15 08:26:07','Charles Coiner',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1989','936',10,'Santa Barbara, California','Mechanicsville, Pennsylvania','--- \n- Charles Toucey Coiner\n- Charles T. Coiner\n',NULL), (1061,'1900',NULL,'Jim Colclough learned to use traditional Ozark Mountain woodworking tools as a child in his father's blacksmith shop. When he was sixty-two (after his wife had died, and he had retired), Colclough began to carve seriously, creating hundreds of figures from redwood logs he found washed up on the beach near his home in northern California. Before World War II, Colclough worked with carnival companies building and operating rides and attractions. Although he is best known for carvings that reflect the humor and clever kinetic movement of these animated scenes and figures, several of his works, such as this Crucifixion, [SAAM 1988.74.4] depict serious religious subjects. Colclough characterized his shifts between humorous and religious subjects as unconscious. He stubbornly refused to carve anything suggested by others and his methods were sometimes unorthodox. "To get the proper position of Christ hanging limp on the cross," he told a neighbor, "I drove two big spikes in the wall and I backed up to the wall—grasped a spike in each hand and then I'd go limp to get the correct pose. … I didn't have anything to go by for the face,—so I carved the face according to my own interpretation."
','2009-12-15 08:26:07','2009-12-15 08:26:07','Jim Colclough',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1986','937',10,'Fort Smith, Arkansas','Westport, California','--- \n- \"\\\"Suh Jim\\\" Colclough\"\n',NULL), (1062,'1910',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:07','2009-12-15 08:26:07','Hinson Cole',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1992','938',10,'Pima, Arizona','Searchlight, Nevada','--- \n- Hinson C. Cole\n',NULL), (1063,'1837',NULL,'After a public-school education in Boston, Cole became an apprentice with Winslow Homer at J. G. Bufford's lithography shop in that city. From 1860 to 1863 he was in France, where he was a pupil under Émile Lambinet and during the winters, studied drawing in government schools. After a sketching trip in Italy, Cole set up a studio in Boston in late 1863 or ealry 1864. With active support from William Morris Hunt, he had sold enough by 1865 to return to Paris, where he studied under Charles Jacque. Cole exhibited in the Salons of 1866 and 1867 as well as in the Universal Exposition of 1867 in Paris, and spent his summers painting in Normandy and Belgium. In late 1870 he returned to Boston but went back to France in 1872, remaining for five years. During this period he exhibited at the Salons of 1873, 1874, and 1875, and frequently at the London Royal Academy. Cole received a medal at the Centennial Exposition of 1876 in Philadelphia. He was back in Massachusetts in 1877, living in Winchester at Mystic Lakes, where, except for brief trips to California and Europe, he spent the rest of his life.
With the exception of William Morris Hunt, few Americans knew the Barbizon artists more intimately than Cole, who had frequent cntact with Troyon, Corot, Daubigny, and Diaz while studying at Jacque's studio in 1865. Although best known for his views of grazing cattle and sheep, Cole devoted increasing time during the last fifteen years of his life to misty scenes of the marshlands and meadows near Providence and Winchester. Although falling short of the symphonic level of much American tonalism, Cole's paintings … exhibit an ingratiating, if minor, vein of this late-century phenomenon.
','2009-12-15 08:26:07','2009-12-15 08:26:07','Joseph Foxcroft Cole',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1892','939',10,'Jay, Maine','Winchester, Massachusetts','--- \n- J. Foxcroft Cole\n',NULL), (1064,'1955',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:07','2009-12-15 08:26:07','Phoebe Cole',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'940',10,'Eugene, Oregon',NULL,NULL,NULL), (1065,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:07','2009-12-15 08:26:07','Robert Cole',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'941',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (1066,'1945',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:07','2009-12-15 08:26:07','Stephanie Kirschen Cole',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'942',10,'New York, New York',NULL,'--- \n- Stephanie Kirschen-Cole\n',NULL), (1067,'1801',NULL,'As a young artist [Thomas] Cole roamed the Hudson River valley and the region around the Catskill and Adirondack mountains, making sketches of the shrubs, trees, rocks, and waterfalls that he later incorporated into his own imaginative compositions to depict the look and feel of America's wilderness.
Because he was the first American artist to picture the wilderness with the passion of a poet and to capture its spaciousness and grandeur with technical skill, Cole exerted a strong influence on the new direction landscape painting was to take. Cole and his followers, who comprised a group that later became known as the Hudson River School, created a variety of styles to record, with pride and fidelity to nature, the unique, romantic qualities of the American scene.
','2009-12-15 08:26:07','2009-12-30 18:30:03','Thomas Cole',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1848','943',10,'Bolton-le-Moor, England','Catskill, New York',NULL,NULL), (1068,'1852',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:07','2009-12-15 08:26:07','Timothy Cole',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1931','944',10,'London, England','Poughkeepsie, New York',NULL,NULL), (1069,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:07','2009-12-15 08:26:07','Glenn O. Coleman',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1932','945',10,'Springfield, Ohio','Long Beach, New York','--- \n- Glenn Coleman\n- Glenn Odem Coleman\n',NULL), (1070,'1935',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:07','2009-12-15 08:26:07','Thomas Coleman',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'946',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (1071,'1921',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:07','2009-12-15 08:26:07','Warrington Colescott',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'947',10,'Oakland, California',NULL,'--- \n- Warrington Wickham Colescott\n- Warrington W. Colescott\n',NULL), (1072,'1927',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:07','2009-12-15 08:26:07','Ed Colker',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'949',10,'Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',NULL,'--- \n- Edward Colker\n',NULL), (1073,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:07','2009-12-15 08:26:07','A. Collin',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'950',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (1074,'1922',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:07','2009-12-15 08:26:07','Robert Collins',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'951',10,NULL,NULL,'--- \n- Bob Collins\n',NULL), (1075,'1832',NULL,'Born 4 March 1832, Portland, Maine, son of a bookseller, publisher, and dealer in fine engravings; moved with family to New York as a youth. By 1850, decided to become an artist. First exhibited 1851, National Academy of Design. Probably studied with Asher B. Durand around this time. Established studio in New York, 1854; elected associate member of the National Academy. Exhibited Boston Athenaeum, 1855. Traveled abroad, 1860–62: Paris, Rome, Granada, Seville, Madrid, Tangiers. 1864, academician, National Academy.
1866, a founder and first president (until 1870) of the American Society of Painters in Water Colors. Probably in 1870 traveled to the West, including California. 1871–75, returned to Europe (Italy, France, Holland) and North Africa (Egypt, Morocco, Algeria). 1877, a founder of the Society of American Artists. 1878, exhibited at the Paris Exhibition; active in the just-founded New York Etching Club. 1881, exhibited work in Exhibition of American Etchers at Boston Museum of Fine Arts and in London.
Had become an expert on and collector of Oriental art; an exhibition of his porcelains held in New York in 1880. Noted as an interior designer. 1882, built home in Newport, R.I., designed by McKim, Mead and White; stained-glass windows of his own design. Mid-1880s, resumed travels in the American and Canadian West. 1904, traveled in Europe. 1912, published "Nature's Harmonic Unity," a theoretical treatise; in 1920, "Proportional Form." Died in New York City, 26 March 1920.
','2009-12-15 08:26:07','2009-12-15 08:26:07','Samuel Colman',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1920','953',10,'Portland, Maine','New York, New York','--- \n- Samuel Coleman\n- Samuel Coleman, Jr.\n',NULL), (1076,'1881',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:07','2009-12-15 08:26:07','Elizabeth Colwell',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'954',10,'Bronson, Michigan',NULL,NULL,NULL), (1077,'1833',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:07','2009-12-15 08:26:07','Charlotte B. Coman',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1924','955',10,'Waterville, New York','Yonkers, New York','--- \n- Charlotte Buell\n- Charlotte Buell Coman\n- Charlotte Coman\n- J. B. Coman\n- C. B. Coman\n',NULL), (1078,'1909',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:07','2009-12-15 08:26:07','Tyrone Comfort',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1939','956',10,'Port Huron, Michigan','Los Angeles, California','--- \n- Tom Tyrone Comfort\n',NULL), (1079,'1821',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:07','2009-12-15 08:26:07','Alban Jasper Conant',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1915','958',10,'Chelsea, Vermont','New York, New York','--- \n- A. J. Conant\n- A. Conant\n',NULL), (1080,'1933',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:07','2009-12-15 08:26:07','Gerald Conaway',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'959',10,'Manson, Washington',NULL,NULL,NULL), (1081,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:07','2009-12-15 08:26:07','S. Conca',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'960',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (1082,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:07','2009-12-15 08:26:07','J. Concha',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'961',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (1083,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:07','2009-12-15 08:26:07','Minnie Condon',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'964',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (1084,'1912',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:07','2009-12-15 08:26:07','William Congdon',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1998','965',10,'Providence, Rhode Island','Milan, Italy','--- \n- William Grosvenor Congdon\n- William G. Congdon\n',NULL), (1085,'1828',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:07','2009-12-15 08:26:07','Pierre-Louis-Joseph de Coninck',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1910','966',10,'Meteren, France','Meteren, France','--- \n- Pierre de Coninck\n',NULL), (1086,'1841',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:07','2009-12-15 08:26:07','Pierce Francis Connelly',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1932','967',10,'Grand Coteau, Louisiana','Rome, Italy','--- \n- Frank Connelly\n- Pierre Francis Connelly\n- Pierce Francis Connely\n',NULL), (1087,'1933',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:07','2009-12-15 08:26:07','Bruce Conner',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2008','968',10,'McPherson, Kansas','San Francisco, California','--- \n- Bruce G. Conner\n',NULL), (1088,'1857',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:07','2009-12-15 08:26:07','Charles Conner',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1905','969',10,'Richmond, Indiana','Richmond, Indiana','--- \n- Charles S. Conner\n',NULL), (1089,'1951',NULL,'Born in 1951 in New York City, where she currently resides. Conner has received two John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Fellowships (1984 and 1985), which she spent photographing in China.
','2009-12-15 08:26:08','2009-12-15 08:26:08','Lois Conner',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'970',10,'New York, New York',NULL,NULL,NULL), (1090,'1875',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:08','2009-12-15 08:26:08','Jerome Connor',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1943','971',10,'Anascaul, Ireland','Dublin, Ireland','--- \n- Patrick Jeremias Connor\n- Jerome Conner\n- Jerome Stanley Connor\n',NULL), (1091,'1944',NULL,'Born in New York City, 1944. Lives in San Anselmo, California. Connor has taught at San Francisco Art Institute since 1969. She has received two grants from the National Endowment for the Arts (1976 and 1981) and a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1979. Widely exhibited, her publications include Solos (1979), and, most recently, Spiral Journey: Photographs 1967–1990, published in conjunction with the 1990 retrospective exhibition of her photographs.
','2009-12-15 08:26:08','2009-12-15 08:26:08','Linda Connor',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'972',10,'New York, New York',NULL,'--- \n- Linda Stevens Connor\n- Linda S. Connor\n',NULL), (1092,'1920',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:08','2009-12-15 08:26:08','Robert Conover',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1998','973',10,'Trenton, New Jersey',NULL,'--- \n- Robert Fremont Conover\n',NULL), (1093,'1776',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:08','2009-12-15 08:26:08','John Constable',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1837','974',10,'East Bergholt, England','London, England',NULL,NULL), (1094,'1892',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:08','2009-12-15 08:26:08','George Constant',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1978','975',10,'Arachova, Greece','New York, New York','--- \n- George Konstantopoulos\n- George Z. Constant\n- G. Constant\n',NULL), (1095,'1900',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:08','2009-12-15 08:26:08','Fred Conway',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1973','977',10,'St. Louis, Missouri','St. Louis, Missouri','--- \n- Frederick E. Conway\n- Fred E. Conway\n',NULL), (1096,'1901',NULL,'Cook, a native of Springfield, Massachusetts, learned printmaking from Joseph Pennell at the Art Students League in the early 1920s. He subsequently traveled widely, including a trip to Maine in the summer of 1926. The magazine Forum printed his woodcuts from the New England stay and then sent Crook to New Mexico to provide illustrative "atmosphere" for its publication of Willa Cather's Death Comes for the Archbishop. From then on, he was fascinated by the Southwest. Cook continued to travel, learning lithography in Paris and exhibiting his work in New York. From the late 1920s to the early 1930s, he and his wife lived primarily in New York, where ongoing construction in the city was a major subject of his art. In 1939, the couple settled in New Mexico and Cook took up mural painting. His later work in oils, pastels, watercolors, and graphics won him critical acclaim. His career was curtailed after he contracted multiple sclerosis, but he continued to receive honors and prizes and to take part in exhibitions.
','2009-12-15 08:26:08','2009-12-15 08:26:08','Howard Cook',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1980','979',10,'Springfield, Massachusetts','Santa Fe, New Mexico','--- \n- Howard Norton Cook\n',NULL), (1097,'1942',NULL,'Born in Ventura, California, Lia Cook studied theater at San Francisco State Universtiy before receiving her B.A. and M.A. degrees (1965 and 1973 respectively) at the Universtiy of California, Berkeley. The recipient of five National Endowment for the Humanities fellowships and numerous other awards, since 1975 she has taught at the California College of Arts and Crafts in Oakland.
Cook combines painting and weaving to create unique woven paintings in which textiles are both subject and object. She constructs her sumptuously colored aind intricately patterned wall hangings from flat strips of painted abaca paper and dyed rayon. Since the late 1980s, she has deliberately employed pictorial imagery of draped fabric in her weavings, hoping to redress the current undervaluation of fabric in our culture and, through the sensory suggestion of touch, emphasize its direct connection with human experience.
','2009-12-15 08:26:08','2009-12-30 18:30:04','Lia Cook',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'981',10,'Ventura, California',NULL,NULL,NULL), (1098,'1793',NULL,'Born March 14 (or 17), 1793, in St. Mary's County, Md. Entered into various businesses at St. Mary's, about 1810–12; Georgetown, D.C., 1812–16; and Richmond, Va., 1816–18, where he married Mary Ann Heath, 1816. Went West, 1818. Returned to Washington and studied painting with Charles Bird King, 1819–20. Studied in Italy and France, 1826–31. During the years 1831–49, was an itinerant from New York to New Orleans. With the backing of Daniel Pratt, opened the National Gallery of Painting in New Orleans, 1844–49. Pratt added a gallery to his home in Prattville, Ala., expressly to display Cooke's paintings. Died March 26, 1849, in New Orleans, La. Buried in Prattville, Ala.
','2009-12-15 08:26:08','2009-12-15 08:26:08','George Cooke',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1849','982',10,', Maryland','New Orleans, Louisiana','--- \n- George Cook\n- G. Cooke\n',NULL), (1099,'1916',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:08','2009-12-15 08:26:08','Hereward Lester Cooke',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1973','983',10,'Princeton, New Jersey','Falls Church, Virginia','--- \n- Hereward Lester Cooke\n- H. L. Cooke\n- Hereward Lester Cooke, Jr.\n- H. Lester Cooke\n',NULL), (1100,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:08','2009-12-15 08:26:08','Alexander Davis Cooper',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'984',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (1101,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:08','2009-12-15 08:26:08','Peregrine F. Cooper',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'985',10,NULL,NULL,'--- \n- Pere Cooper\n- Pierre Cooper\n- P. F. Cooper\n',NULL), (1102,'1895',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:08','2009-12-15 08:26:08','William Arthur Cooper',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1974','986',10,'Hillsboro, North Carolina','St. Louis, ','--- \n- William Cooper\n- William Arthur Cooper\n',NULL), (1103,'1857',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:08','2009-12-15 08:26:08','Arthur Stockdale Cope',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1940','987',10,'London, England',NULL,'--- \n- Arthur Stockdale Cope\n- A. S. Cope\n- Arthur Cope\n',NULL), (1104,'1912',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:08','2009-12-15 08:26:08','Lila Copeland',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'988',10,'Rochester, New York',NULL,NULL,NULL), (1105,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:08','2009-12-15 08:26:08','J. Copello',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'989',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (1106,'1919',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:08','2009-12-15 08:26:08','Edward Corbett',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1971','990',10,'Chicago, Illinois','Provincetown, Massachusetts','--- \n- Edward M. Corbett\n',NULL), (1107,'1905',NULL,'Painter. In the style of the Baroque masters, he painted heroic animals and people in catastrophic, violent scenes. Life magazine dubbed him the modern-day Rubens.
','2009-12-15 08:26:08','2009-12-15 08:26:08','Jon Corbino',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1964','991',10,'Vittoria, Italy','Sarasota, Florida',NULL,NULL), (1108,'1918',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:08','2009-12-15 08:26:08','Corita Kent',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1986','992',10,'Fort Dodge, Iowa','Boston, Massachusetts','--- \n- Mary Corita\n- Mary Corita Kent\n- Corita Kent\n',NULL), (1109,'1922',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:08','2009-12-15 08:26:08','Corneille',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'993',10,'Liege, Belgium',NULL,'--- \n- Corneille Guillaume Beverloo\n',NULL), (1110,'1934',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:08','2009-12-15 08:26:08','Philip Cornelius',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'994',10,'San Bernardino, California',NULL,'--- \n- Philip G. Cornelius\n- Philip Graden Cornelius\n',NULL), (1111,'1903',NULL,'A premier assemblagist who elevated the box to a major art form, Joseph Cornell also was an accomplished collagist and filmmaker, and one of America's most innovative artists. When his sister and brother-in-law, Mr. and Mrs. John A. Benton, donated a collection of his works and related documentary material in 1978, the NMAA [now the Smithsonian American Art Museum] established the Joseph Cornell Study Center.
Cornell was graduated in 1921 from Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts; from 1929 until his death, he lived in Flushing, New York. His art has been described as romantic, poetic, lyrical and surrealistic. Self-taught but amazingly sophisticated, he created his first collages, box constructions and experimental films in the 1930s. By 1940, his boxes contained found materials artfully arranged, then collaged and painted to suggest poetic associations inspired by the arts, humanities and sciences.
He believed aesthetic theories were foreign to the origin of his art but said his works were based on everyday experiences, "the beauty of the commonplace." An insatiable collector, he acquired thousands of examples of printed and three-dimensional ephemera—searching the libraries, museums, theaters, book shops and antique fairs in New York and relying on his contacts across the United States and in Europe. With these objects, he created magical relationships by seamlessly combining disparate images.
Cornell was an imaginative and private man who, mingling fantasy and reality, produced works outstanding not only for their originality and craftsmanship but for their complexity and diversity.
','2009-12-15 08:26:08','2009-12-15 08:26:08','Joseph Cornell',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1972','995',10,'Nyack, New York','New York, New York',NULL,NULL), (1112,'1903',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:08','2009-12-15 08:26:08','Joseph (relating to) Cornell',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1972','996',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (1113,'1910',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:08','2009-12-15 08:26:08','Robert Cornell',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1965','997',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (1114,'1937',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:08','2009-12-15 08:26:08','Thomas Cornell',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'998',10,'Cleveland, Ohio',NULL,'--- \n- Thomas Browne Cornell\n- Thomas B. Cornell\n- Tom Cornell\n',NULL), (1115,'1904',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:08','2009-12-15 08:26:08','Richard Correll',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1990','999',10,'Springfield, Missouri','New York, New York','--- \n- Richard V. Correll\n',NULL), (1116,'1916',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:08','2009-12-15 08:26:08','Eldzier Cortor',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1000',10,'Richmond, Virginia',NULL,NULL,NULL), (1117,'1861',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:08','2009-12-15 08:26:08','Kate T. Cory',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1958','1001',10,'Waukegan, Illinois','Prescott, Arizona','--- \n- Kate Thompson Cory\n- Kate Cory\n',NULL), (1118,'1957',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:08','2009-12-15 08:26:08','Mac Cosgrove-Davies',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1002',10,'Mount Holly, New Jersey',NULL,'--- \n- Malcolm Cumming Cosgrove-Davies\n- Malcolm Cosgrove-Davies\n- Malcolm C. Cosgrove-Davies\n',NULL), (1119,'1839',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:08','2009-12-15 08:26:08','Filippo Costaggini',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1904','1003',10,'Rome, Italy','Upper Falls, Maryland','--- \n- Philippo Costagni\n- Filippo Costagni\n- Philippo Costagini\n- Filippo T. Costaggini\n- Filippo Costagini\n',NULL), (1120,'1888',NULL,'Self-taught painter and printmaker. The locale for Costigan's best-known painting was his own farm in Orangeburg, N.Y.; the most frequent theme was life on the farm.
','2009-12-15 08:26:08','2009-12-15 08:26:08','John E. Costigan',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1972','1004',10,'Providence, Rhode Island','Nyack, New York','--- \n- John Edward Costigan\n- J. E. Costigan\n- John Costigan\n',NULL), (1121,'1863',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:08','2009-12-15 08:26:08','Charles Cottet',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1925','1005',10,'Puy, France','Paris, France',NULL,NULL), (1122,'1935',NULL,'Robert Cottingham studied advertising and graphic design at Pratt Institute in New York from 1959 to 1963. Soon after graduating, he was employed as an art director at New York and Los Angeles advertising agencies, where he was involved with all aspects of design and production. Eager to advance his career as an artist, Cottingham eventually began to paint every day after work.
Even his earliest paintings were of the same style, character, and subject matter for which he is known: precisely rendered images of neon signs, architectural details, storefronts, and other elements of the American urban landscape. His first solo exhibition took place at the Molly Barnes Gallery in Los Angeles in 1968. He moved to London in 1972 and returned to the United States in 1976 after running out of photographs—the primary visual material he uses in his paintings. He considered his urban subjects purely American and would not consider a visual substitute.
Cottingham has taught at the Art Center College of Design in Los Angeles and the National Academy of Design in New York City. He now lives and works, paradoxically, on an eighteenth-century farm in Newtown, Connecticut.
','2009-12-15 08:26:08','2009-12-15 08:26:08','Robert Cottingham',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1006',10,'New York, New York',NULL,NULL,NULL), (1123,'1868',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:08','2009-12-15 08:26:08','John W. Cotton',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1931','1007',10,'Toronto, Canada','Toronto, Canada','--- \n- John Wesley Cotton\n- John Cotton\n',NULL), (1124,'1934',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:08','2009-12-15 08:26:08','Brigitte Coudrain',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1008',10,'Paris, France',NULL,NULL,NULL), (1125,'1932',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:08','2009-12-15 08:26:08','Jack Coughlin',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1009',10,'Greenwich, Connecticut',NULL,NULL,NULL), (1126,'1895',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:08','2009-12-15 08:26:08','Mildred Coughlin',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1010',10,'Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania',NULL,'--- \n- Mildred M. Coughlin\n- Mildred Marion Coughlin\n',NULL), (1127,'1880',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:08','2009-12-15 08:26:08','Mary J. Coulter',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1966','1011',10,'Newport, Kentucky','Amherst, Massachusetts','--- \n- Mary Jenks Coulter\n- Mary Jencques Coulter\n- Orton Loring Clark\n',NULL), (1128,'1853',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:08','2009-12-15 08:26:08','William Couper',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1942','1012',10,'Norfolk, Virginia','Easton, Maryland',NULL,NULL), (1129,'1866',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:08','2009-12-15 08:26:08','David Courlander',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1961','1013',10,'Bay City, Michigan','Detroit, Michigan',NULL,NULL), (1130,'1866',NULL,'Painter. In some 1,500 paintings, he portrayed Native American life as peaceful and idyllic. Although he lived in New York City, he maintained a studio in Taos, N.M., for years before moving there permanently in 1928.
','2009-12-15 08:26:08','2009-12-30 18:30:05','Eanger Irving Couse',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1936','1014',10,'Saginaw, Michigan','Albuquerque, New Mexico','--- \n- E. Irving Couse\n- E. I. Couse\n',NULL), (1131,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:08','2009-12-15 08:26:08','J. and Bartlett Cousen',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1015',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (1132,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:09','2009-12-15 08:26:09','J. Cousen',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1016',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (1133,'1801',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:09','2009-12-15 08:26:09','Samuel Cousins',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1887','1017',10,'Exeter, England','London, England',NULL,NULL), (1134,'1904',NULL,'Mexican-born painter and draftsman. He created popular caricatures for Vanity Fair and the New Yorker and wrote and illustrated books on his travels. His interest in the ethnology and archaeology of Mexico led to his assembling a remarkable collection of pre-Columbian art, which was willed to the Mexico City National Museum of Anthropology.
','2009-12-15 08:26:09','2009-12-15 08:26:09','Miguel Covarrubias',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1957','1018',10,'Mexico City, Mexico','Mexico City, Mexico','--- \n- Miguel Duclaud Covarrubias\n',NULL), (1135,'1875',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:09','2009-12-15 08:26:09','Sarah Eakin Cowan',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1958','1020',10,'Hendersonville, North Carolina','Miami, Florida',NULL,NULL), (1136,'1896',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:09','2009-12-15 08:26:09','Allyn Cox',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1982','1021',10,'New York, New York','Washington, District of Columbia',NULL,NULL), (1137,'1829',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:09','2009-12-15 08:26:09','Charles Arthur Cox',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1901','1022',10,'Liverpool, England','Boulder, Colorado','--- \n- Charles Hudson Cox\n- Charles H. Cox\n- Charles A. Cox\n',NULL), (1138,'1915',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:09','2009-12-15 08:26:09','Joe Cox',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1025',10,'Indianapolis, Indiana',NULL,'--- \n- Joseph H. Cox\n- Joe H. Cox\n- Joseph Cox\n',NULL), (1139,'1856',NULL,'Born in Ohio, studied in Paris, lived mostly in New York City. Painter who wrote extensively about art. His sensuous female nudes were beautifully rendered but were somewhat shocking to the public of his day; later he found wider acceptance as a creator of allegorical murals.
','2009-12-15 08:26:09','2009-12-15 08:26:09','Kenyon Cox',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1919','1026',10,'Warren, Ohio','New York, New York',NULL,NULL), (1140,'1865',NULL,'Born in San Francisco, lived in New York City. Painter who specialized in children's portraits, won several prizes.
','2009-12-15 08:26:09','2009-12-15 08:26:09','Louise Cox',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1945','1027',10,'San Francisco, California','Windham, Connecticut','--- \n- Louise King\n- Louise Howland Cox\n- Louise Howland King Cox\n- Louise Cox\n',NULL), (1141,'1947',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:09','2009-12-15 08:26:09','Eileen Cowin',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1028',10,'New York, New York',NULL,NULL,NULL), (1142,'1888',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:09','2009-12-15 08:26:09','Konrad Cramer',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1963','1029',10,'Wurzburg, Germany','Woodstock, New York',NULL,NULL), (1143,'1901',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:09','2009-12-15 08:26:09','Alan Crane',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1969','1030',10,'New York, New York',NULL,'--- \n- Alan Horton Crane\n',NULL), (1144,'1928',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:09','2009-12-15 08:26:09','Barbara Crane',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1031',10,'Chicago, Illinois',NULL,'--- \n- Barbara Bachmann\n- Barbara Bachmann Crane\n',NULL), (1145,'1857',NULL,'Painter who studied with tonalist A. H. Wyant and specialized in autumn scenes dominated by the color yellow; Autumn Uplands (ca. 1905) is an example. He was a president of the Salmagundi Club and an active member of the artists' colony in Old Lyme, Conn.
','2009-12-15 08:26:09','2009-12-30 18:30:05','Bruce Crane',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1937','1032',10,'New York, New York','Bronxville, New York','--- \n- Robert Bruce Crane\n- R. Bruce Crane\n',NULL), (1146,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:09','2009-12-15 08:26:09','Thomas Cranmer',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1033',10,NULL,NULL,'--- \n- Tom Cranmer\n',NULL), (1147,'1925',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:09','2009-12-15 08:26:09','Katherine N. Crapster',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1034',10,'Nashville, Tennessee',NULL,NULL,NULL), (1148,'1907',NULL,'Born in Kansas City, Missouri, Margret Craver graduated in 1929 from the University of Kansas, where she developed a lifelong interest in hollowware and jewelry design. Her metalsmithing class did not offer instruction in techniques, nor were tutorial programs available elsewhere in the country, so Craver went to Europe. She studied with Baron Erik Fleming in Sweden and became a catalyst for promoting metalsmithing in America after World War II.
Motivated by the lack of rehabilitative therapy for wounded soliders while serving as a hospital volunteer, and through her association with the New York City metal refinery of Handy and Harman, Craver trained occupational therapists in metalsmithing. She also convened workshop conferences to teach the process to art teachers so that adequate instruction could be obtained in America. Craver rediscovered en résille, a difficult French seventeenth-century enameling technique, in which the metal is suspended within the enamel rather than serving as a backing for it.
','2009-12-15 08:26:09','2009-12-15 08:26:09','Margret Craver',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1035',10,'Pratt, Kansas',NULL,'--- \n- Margret Withers Craver\n',NULL), (1149,'1877',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:09','2009-12-15 08:26:09','Earl Stetson Crawford',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1966','1036',10,'Philadelphia, Pennsylvania','Pasadena, California','--- \n- E. S. Crawford\n- E. Stetson Crawford\n',NULL), (1150,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:09','2009-12-15 08:26:09','Lesley Crawford',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1963','1037',10,'New York, New York','Springfield, Vermont','--- \n- Lesley Buckland Crawford\n',NULL), (1151,'1906',NULL,'Born 5 September 1906, St. Catharine's, Ontario, Canada. 1926–27, sailed on tramp steamers to Caribbean, Central America, California, New Orleans. Studied at Otis Art Institute, Los Angeles. Worked in Walt Disney's studio. 1927–30, studied at Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts and Barnes Foundation, Merion, Pa. 1932–33, to Europe, where he studied in Paris at Académie Colorossi and Académie Scandinave; toured Spain, Italy, Balearic Islands. 1933, studied at Columbia University.
1934, first one-man show, Maryland Institute of Art, Baltimore. Taught at Art Academy of Cincinnati, 1940–41 and 1949; Buffalo Fine Arts Academy, 1942; Brooklyn Museum School, 1948–49. 1950–68, made many trips to New Orleans to photograph musical life of the city. 1952–57, taught at New School for Social Research, New York. 1953, retrospective exhibition, University of Alabama; visiting artist, University of Michigan.
1954–55, traveled in France and Spain. 1958, retrospective exhibition, Milwaukee Art Center; visiting artist, University of Colorado. Exhibited lithographs in London. Taught at Hofstra College, 1960–62. Photographic research consultant, Tulane University, Archive of New Orleans Jazz, 1961. 1961–62, retrospective exhibition of lithographs, University of Kentucky. 1963–73, traveled widely in Europe, Caribbean, and U.S. Died 27 April 1978, Houston, Tex.
','2009-12-15 08:26:09','2009-12-15 08:26:09','Ralston Crawford',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1978','1038',10,'St. Catherines, Canada','Houston, Texas','--- \n- George Ralston Crawford\n',NULL), (1152,'1813',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:09','2009-12-15 08:26:09','Thomas Crawford',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1857','1039',10,'New York, New York','London, England','--- \n- Thomas G. Crawford\n',NULL), (1153,'1905',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:09','2009-12-15 08:26:09','Raymond Creekmore',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1984','1040',10,'Portsmouth, Virginia','Theodore, Alabama','--- \n- Raymond Creekmore\n',NULL), (1154,'1900',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:09','2009-12-15 08:26:09','Alfred D. Crimi',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1994','1042',10,'San Fratello, Italy','New York, New York','--- \n- Alfredo de Giorgio Crimi\n- Alfredo Digiorgio Crimi\n- Alfredo Crimi\n',NULL), (1155,'1896',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:09','2009-12-15 08:26:09','Mary Ellen Crisp',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1043',10,'Nutley, New Jersey',NULL,'--- \n- Arthur Crisp\n',NULL), (1156,'1901',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:09','2009-12-15 08:26:09','Francis Criss',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1973','1044',10,'London, England','New York, New York','--- \n- Francis H. Criss\n',NULL), (1157,'1909',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:09','2009-12-15 08:26:09','Richard Crist',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1985','1045',10,'Cleveland, Ohio','Woodstock, New York','--- \n- Richard Harrison Crist\n',NULL), (1158,'1910',NULL,'Brought up in Boston, Crite received his art training al the School of the Museum of Fine Arts and earned a Bachelor of Arts degree at the Harvard University Extension School in 1968. He worked for most of his life as an illustrator in the Planning Department of the Boston Naval Shipyards, retiring in 1976, but continued to paint at the same time. His work has been widely exhibited and well received in Boston, where a square is named after him. Crite's early paintings depict the daily life of Boston's African-American community, a community that was to be transformed in the following decade by urban renewal and housing projects. According to the artist, he sought to show viewers the "real Negro" as opposed to the "Harlem" or "jazz Negro," that was created by white people.
In his later paintings, magic-realist visions in which a black Virgin and Child ride on public transportation or float above the city streets, Crite used a bright palette rather than the more somber tones of his "neighborhood paintings." Compared with these earlier paintings, the religious works offer a message of hope and deliverance. During the 1950s Crite lectured on liturgical art and wrote and illustrated books with theological themes telling "the story of man through the black figure."
','2009-12-15 08:26:09','2009-12-30 18:30:06','Allan Rohan Crite',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2007','1047',10,'Plainfield, New Jersey','Boston, Massachusetts','--- \n- Allan R. Crite\n- Allan Crite\n',NULL), (1159,'1904',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:09','2009-12-15 08:26:09','Douglass Crockwell',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1968','1048',10,'Columbus, Ohio','Glens Falls, New York','--- \n- Spencer Douglass Crockwell\n- S. Douglass Crockwell\n',NULL), (1160,'1941',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:09','2009-12-15 08:26:09','Michael Croft',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1049',10,'Minneapolis, ',NULL,NULL,NULL), (1161,'1882',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:09','2009-12-15 08:26:09','Nina Nash Cron',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1946','1050',10,'Spokane, Washington',NULL,'--- \n- Nina R. Nash\n- Nina R. Cron\n',NULL), (1162,'1908',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:09','2009-12-15 08:26:09','Robert Cronbach',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1051',10,'St. Louis, Missouri',NULL,'--- \n- Robert M. Cronbach\n',NULL), (1163,'1823',NULL,'Jasper F. Cropsey was born in 1823, the son of a farmer. He was initially trained as an architect under Joseph Trench, who encouraged his interest in drawing and painting. Cropsey soon developed a keen interest in landscape. Throughout the 1840s he supported himself with architectural commissions; among the most notable was New York's Sixth Avenue Elevated Railway. In 1847 Cropsey traveled to Europe and settled in Thomas Cole's old studio in Rome. In 1849 he returned to New York and traveled upstate to devote himself to the landscape work that would eventually bring him prominence as a Hudson River School painter. Cropsey's landscapes reflect his interest in the influence of nature on man's existence, a concept that was fundamental to the Hudson River School artists. He was a founding member of the American Watercolor Society in 1867.
','2009-12-15 08:26:09','2009-12-15 08:26:09','Jasper Francis Cropsey',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1900','1052',10,'Rossville, New York','Hastings-on-Hudson, New York','--- \n- Jasper F. Cropsey\n',NULL), (1164,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:09','2009-12-15 08:26:09','Rose Crosman',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1054',10,'Chicago, Illinois',NULL,NULL,NULL), (1165,'1912',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:09','2009-12-15 08:26:09','Bernice Cross',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1996','1055',10,'Iowa City, Iowa','Washington, District of Columbia','--- \n- Bernice Francene Cross\n',NULL), (1166,'1837',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:09','2009-12-15 08:26:09','Henry H. Cross',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1918','1056',10,'Flemingville, New York','Chicago, Illinois','--- \n- Henry Cross\n- H. H. Cross\n',NULL), (1167,'1912',NULL,'Crumbo was born in Lexington, Oklahoma, the son of an Indian mother and a French father. He attended government schools as a child and showed such promise that he received a scholarship to the American Indian Institute in Wichita for his last two years of high school. While at the Institute, he became interested in expressing Indian tradition and culture through his art. After three years at the University of Wichita he transferred to the University of Oklahoma where he studied with Oscar B. Jacobson. At the early age of 21, Crumbo was appointed Director of Indian Art at Bacone College, the only institute of higher learning exclusively for Indians. Bacone offered Crumbo the unique opportunity to familiarize himself with his heritage and to instill in him cultural pride. At that time he conducted research into Indian design and revived ancient techniques of silverwork, vegetable dying, and weaving.
Crumbo's career has been diverse; known also as a musician and Indian ceremonial dancer, Crumbo played the cedar wood flute and danced with Thurlow Lieurance's symphony in Wichita. He also worked as a designer with the Douglas Corporation, with the Gilcrease Collection in Tulsa, and from 1960 to 1968 as curator of the El Paso Museum of Art.
A Pottawatomie Indian, Crumbo explores in his art the traditions and ceremonies of his own tribe as well as those of the Creek, Sioux, and Kiowa nations, and says of his work, "I have always painted with the desire of developing Indian art so that it may be judged on art standards rather on its value as a curio—I am attempting to record Indian customs and legends now, while they are alive, to make them a part of the great American culture before these, too, become lost, only to be fragmentarily pieced together by fact and supposition.
Crumbo works in oil and egg tempera, as well as in watercolor, sculpture, stained glass, and silkscreen. Under the guidance of Olle Nordmark, he also learned etching. The largest collection of Crumbo's work, about 175 paintings, is owned by the Gilcrease Museum in Tulsa, although his work has been exhibited in many museums throughout the United States.
','2009-12-15 08:26:09','2009-12-15 08:26:09','Woodrow Crumbo',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1989','1059',10,'Lexington, Oklahoma','Cimarron, New Mexico','--- \n- Woodrow Wilson Crumbo\n- Woody Crumbo\n',NULL), (1168,'1941',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:09','2009-12-15 08:26:09','Walter Crump',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1060',10,'Winston-Salem, North Carolina',NULL,'--- \n- Walter Moore Crump, Jr.\n',NULL), (1169,'1938',NULL,'Emilio Cruz paints in an expressive style inspired by imagined events and the history of Africa and the New World.
','2009-12-15 08:26:09','2009-12-30 18:30:06','Emilio Cruz',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2004','1061',10,'New York, New York','New York, New York','--- \n- Emilio Cruz, Jr.\n',NULL), (1170,'1934',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:09','2009-12-30 18:30:06','Jose Luis Cuevas',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1062',10,'Mexico City, Mexico',NULL,'--- \n- Jose Luis Cuevas y Novelo\n- \"Jos\\xC3\\xA9 Luis Cuevas\"\n- Jose Cuevas\n',NULL), (1171,'1908',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:09','2009-12-15 08:26:09','Charles Culver',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1967','1063',10,'Chicago Heights, Illinois','Bellaire, Michigan','--- \n- Charles B. Culver\n- Bob Culver\n',NULL), (1172,'1820',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:10','2009-12-15 08:26:10','Johann Mongles Culverhouse',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1064',10,'Rotterdam, Netherlands','New York, New York','--- \n- J. M. Culverhouse\n- Johann Mongels Culverhouse\n- J. Mongles Culverhouse\n- Johann M. Culverhouse\n- Johan Mengels Culverhouse\n',NULL), (1173,'1944',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:10','2009-12-15 08:26:10','David T. Culverwell',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1065',10,'St. Louis, Missouri',NULL,'--- \n- David Trevor Culverwell\n- David Culverwell\n',NULL), (1174,'1943',NULL,'Robert Cumming revealed an early talent for art when he won a drawing contest sponsored Boston Sunday Herald. The prize was one dollar. In 1965 Cumming earned a B.F.A. degree at the Massachusetts College of Art, and two years later received his M.F.A. at the University of Illinois. His first teaching job was at the University of Wisconsin in Milwaukee, where he became involved with mail art, an early conceptual movement that conferred art status on items sent through the postal system. In 1970 Cumming moved to southern California to lecture on photography. While there, he also engaged in creative writing and developed conceptual drawings and constructions that he then photographed. Cumming has developed technical virtuosity in a variety of media, including painting, photography, printmaking, and sculpture. His works layer meanings within meanings, with references to science and art history, always with a distinctive wit. In 1978 Cumming moved back to New England, where he continues to teach and make art.
','2009-12-15 08:26:10','2009-12-15 08:26:10','Robert Cumming',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1066',10,'Worcester, Massachusetts',NULL,'--- \n- Robert H. Cumming\n',NULL), (1175,'1894',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:10','2009-12-15 08:26:10','E. E. Cummings',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1962','1067',10,'Cambridge, Massachusetts','Silver Lake, New Hampshire','--- \n- Edward Estlin Cummings\n',NULL), (1176,'1804',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:10','2009-12-15 08:26:10','Thomas Seir Cummings',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1894','1068',10,'Bath, England','Hackensack, New Jersey','--- \n- T. S. Cummings\n- Thomas S. Cummings\n',NULL), (1177,'1915',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:10','2009-12-15 08:26:10','Willard W. Cummings',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1975','1069',10,'Old Town, Maine','Skowhegan, Maine','--- \n- Willard Warren Cummings\n- Willard Cummings\n- Bill Cummings\n',NULL), (1178,'1889',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:10','2009-12-15 08:26:10','John Cunning',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1953','1070',10,'Albany, New York','New York, New York',NULL,NULL), (1179,'1904',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:10','2009-12-15 08:26:10','Ben Cunningham',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1975','1071',10,'Cripple Creek, Colorado','Hackensack, New Jersey','--- \n- Benjamin Frazier Cunningham\n',NULL), (1180,'1893',NULL,'Earl Cunningham was born on a farm in Edgecomb, Maine, near Boothbay Harbor in 1893. He left home at 13 and supported himself as a tinker and a peddler. When he was 16, Cunningham, who lived in a fisherman's shack on Stratton Island off Old Orchard Beach, began painting images of boats and farms on wood he scavenged. In the early 1910s, Cunningham sailed on one or more of the giant coastal schooners that carried coal, ice, naval stores and lumber between Maine, the mid-Atlantic states and Florida.
\nIn 1915, Cunningham married Iva Moses. During World War I, he drove a truck for a naval yard and visited Florida for the first time. For the next 10 years, the couple spent winters in Florida—Tampa Bay, Cedar Key and St. Augustine. In 1937, troubled by marital problems, Cunningham left Maine and bought land in South Carolina, where he farmed and raised chickens.
\nCunningham settled in St. Augustine in 1949, where he opened a curio shop called the Over Fork Gallery. He displayed his paintings there, although the works were not for sale. In 1969, collector Marilyn Mennello convinced Cunningham to sell her a work; and in 1970, she made possible an exhibition of selected paintings at the Loch Haven Art Center (now the Orlando Museum of Art). In 1974, Cunningham's second museum exhibition, Earl Cunningham: American Primitive, opened at the Daytona Beach Museum of Arts and Sciences.
\nCunningham, who had suffered from depression and paranoia, committed suicide Dec. 29, 1977. In 1998, the Mennello Museum of American Art, which is dedicated to displaying the majority of the artist's work, opened in Orlando. Five years later, Cunningham was elected to the Florida Artists Hall of Fame.
','2009-12-15 08:26:10','2009-12-15 08:26:10','Earl Cunningham',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1977','1072',10,'Edgecomb, Maine','St. Augustine, Florida','--- \n- Erland Roland Cunningham\n',NULL), (1181,'1885',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:10','2009-12-15 08:26:10','Kathleen McEnery Cunningham',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1971','1073',10,'Brooklyn, New York',NULL,'--- \n- Kathleen McEnery\n- Francis E. Cunningham\n- Kathleen McE. Cunningham\n- Kathleen Cunningham\n',NULL), (1182,'1907',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:10','2009-12-15 08:26:10','Patricia Cunningham',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1984','1074',10,'Fruitvale, California','Carmel, California','--- \n- Patricia Stanley\n- Patricia Stanley Cunningham\n',NULL), (1183,'1907',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:10','2009-12-15 08:26:10','James Cupoli',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1075',10,'Columbus, Ohio',NULL,'--- \n- James Vincent Cupoli\n- James V. Cupoli\n- Jim Cupoli\n',NULL), (1184,'1861',NULL,'Born in Kentucky, studied in Paris, lived mostly in New York City. Fashionable painter who won many prizes and sold many paintings to museums and collectors.
','2009-12-15 08:26:10','2009-12-15 08:26:10','Charles C. Curran',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1942','1076',10,'Hartford, Kentucky',NULL,'--- \n- Charles Courtney Curran\n- C. C. Curran\n',NULL), (1185,'1923',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:10','2009-12-15 08:26:10','William R. Current',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1077',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (1186,'1925',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:10','2009-12-15 08:26:10','Frances Currey',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1078',10,'Indianapolis, Indiana',NULL,'--- \n- Grandma Fran\n- Grandma Fran Currey\n',NULL), (1187,'1843',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:10','2009-12-15 08:26:10','J. Frank Currier',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1909','1079',10,'Boston, Massachusetts','Waverly, Massachusetts','--- \n- Joseph Frank Currier\n- Frank Currier\n',NULL), (1188,'1813',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:10','2009-12-15 08:26:10','Nathaniel Currier',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1888','1080',10,'Roxbury, Massachusetts','New York, New York','--- \n- Nat Currier\n- N. Currier\n',NULL), (1189,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:10','2009-12-15 08:26:10','Currier and Ives',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1081',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (1190,'1897',NULL,'Like Grant Wood and Thomas Hart Benton, John Steuart Curry was a major American scene painter of the 1930s. His subjects were taken from American history and his most famous mural, The Tragic Prelude (1938–40), is in Topeka at the Kansas State Capitol.
','2009-12-15 08:26:10','2009-12-30 18:30:06','John Steuart Curry',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1946','1082',10,'Dunavant, Kansas','Madison, Wisconsin','--- \n- John Curry\n',NULL), (1191,'1868',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:10','2009-12-15 08:26:10','Edward S. Curtis',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1952','1083',10,'Whitewater, Wisconsin','Los Angeles, California','--- \n- Edward Sheriff Curtis\n- E. S. Curtis\n- Edward Curtis\n',NULL), (1192,'1912',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:10','2009-12-15 08:26:10','Marian Curtis',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1084',10,'Los Angeles, California',NULL,NULL,NULL), (1193,'1907',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:10','2009-12-15 08:26:10','Philip C. Curtis',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2000','1085',10,'Jackson, Michigan','Scottsdale, Arizona','--- \n- Philip Campbell Curtis\n- Phil Curtis\n- Philip Curtis\n',NULL), (1194,'1940',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:10','2009-12-15 08:26:10','Eugene Cusack',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1086',10,'New York, New York',NULL,NULL,NULL), (1195,'1909',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:10','2009-12-15 08:26:10','Lily Cushing',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1969','1087',10,'New York, New York','Fishers Island, New York','--- \n- Lily Dulany Cushing\n- William T. Emmet\n- Lily Cushing Boyd\n',NULL), (1196,'1906',NULL,'After graduation from Smith College, Charlotte Cushman studied art with Charles Hawthorne in Provincetown, Massachusetts, during the summers of 1929 and 1930.(1) She then spent a year at the school of the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston and became friends with Eleanor De Laittre. In 1932, Cushman and De Laittre moved to New York where they studied with George Luks. Cushman remained in New York for only a year. Responding to family pressure, she returned to Boston and resumed her studies, this time with Ernest Thurn, a Chicago native who had worked at the Académie Julian in Paris and the Royal Academy of Art in Munich, and had been an assistant in Hans Hofmann's Munich school. Cushman herself first met Hofmann when he visited Thurn's summer school in Gloucester, Massachusetts, following his first summer at the University of California at Berkeley.
Cushman first encountered Cubism and abstract art while studying with Thurn, although she did not develop her own variant of Cubism until after her return toNew York in 1937. She especially admired Georges Braque, whose paintings she knew primarily from books. Back in New York, Cushman supported herself by teaching part time. In the mornings she attended Hofmann's classes. The afternoons were given over to a sculpture course at the Art Students League. Although her schedule left little time for her own independent painting, she began exhibiting with the Contemporary Arts Gallery in New York. In 1940, she joined the American Abstract Artists, although she did not play an active role in the organization and seldom attended its meetings. Instead, she, De Laittre, and Fannie Hillsmith, whom she had known in college, met frequently to discuss their work, current exhibitions, and the impact that European artists fleeing Hitler might have in America.
The decade that Cushman spent in New York was a fertile period. She put aside the landscapes and figural work rendered with rich, painterly surfaces that had been the focus of her student years and began to merge an interest in Analytical Cubism with new understandings of space and pictorial tension gleaned from Hofmann. Shells, Buoys and Bottle of 1944 exemplifies her mature artistic concerns. Still-life forms are dematerialized and three-dimensional space is dramatically distorted. The significance given the backdrop cloth and fish net represent a step towards the all-over compositional approach that played an important role in Hofmann's discussions of pictorial balance. Despite their finished appearances, Cushman's paintings began as highly realistic drawings from which she abstracted forms. Still-life arrangements are the predominant subjects, although Cushman did, on occasion, go beyond abstraction into completely nonobjective art.
In 1947, Cushman married and moved to Detroit. Finding little sympathy there for her modernist work, she stopped painting for ten years. When she again picked up her brushes, her technical and thematic interests had shifted. She did not return to the thin oils and egg tempera in which much of her earlier work was executed, but instead she chose watercolor as especially well suited to capturing the light and atmosphere of the Mediterranean area, where she frequently travels, in landscapes which are now her most frequent subjects.
1. Charlotte Cushman Evans, interview with Virginia M. Mecklenburg, 26 January 1989. I am grateful to Ms. Cushman for speaking with me about her art and life.
','2009-12-15 08:26:10','2009-12-15 08:26:10','Charlotte Cushman',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1088',10,NULL,NULL,'--- \n- Charlotte Cushman Evans\n',NULL), (1197,'1900',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:10','2009-12-15 08:26:10','Bernadine Custer',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1991','1089',10,'Normal, Illinois','Ludlow, Vermont','--- \n- A. E. Sharp\n- Bernadine Custer Sharp\n- Arthur A. Sharp\n',NULL), (1198,'1837',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:10','2009-12-15 08:26:10','Edward L. Custer',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1881','1090',10,'Basel, Switzerland','Boston, Massachusetts',NULL,NULL), (1199,'1912',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:10','2009-12-15 08:26:10','Stefano Cusumano',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1975','1091',10,'Tampa, Florida','Eureka, California',NULL,NULL), (1200,'1952',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:10','2009-12-15 08:26:10','Amy Cuthbert',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1092',10,'Detroit, Michigan',NULL,NULL,NULL), (1201,'1900',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:10','2009-12-15 08:26:10','Zdzislaw Czermanski',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1970','1093',10,'Krakow, Poland','New York, New York','--- \n- Zolzislaw Czermanski\n- Zdislaw J. Czermanski\n',NULL), (1202,'1865',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:10','2009-12-15 08:26:10','Leon Dabo',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1960','1094',10,'Paris, France','New York, New York','--- \n- Leon Scott Dabo\n- Leon Dagsburg de Dabo\n- Leon Schott\n- Leon Schotte de Dabo\n',NULL), (1203,'1879',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:10','2009-12-15 08:26:10','Pietro D'Achiardi',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1095',10,'Pisa, Italy',NULL,NULL,NULL), (1204,'1894',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:10','2009-12-15 08:26:10','Vincent D'Agostino',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1981','1096',10,'Chicago, Illinois','North Hollywood, California',NULL,NULL), (1205,'1864',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:10','2009-12-15 08:26:10','Charles W. Dahlgreen',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1955','1097',10,'Chicago, Illinois',NULL,'--- \n- Charles William Dahlgreen\n- Charles Dahlgreen\n',NULL), (1206,'1938',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:10','2009-12-15 08:26:10','Michael Dailey',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1098',10,'Des Moines, Iowa',NULL,'--- \n- Michael Dennis Dailey\n- Michael D. Dailey\n',NULL), (1207,'1859',NULL,'Daingerfield grew up in Fayetteville, North Carolina, where his family moved when he was two years old. In 1880 he went to New York, where he studied briefly with Walter Satterlee and exhibited for the first time at the National Academy of Design. During the next four years, he taught in Satterlee's still-life class and studied intermittently at the Art Students League. After moving to the Holbein Studios in 1884, he became good friends with George Inness.
Daingerfield first went to Blowing Rock, North Carolina, in 1886 to recuperate from a severe attack of diptheria; thereafter, he divided his time largely between New York and Blowing Rock. He taught composition at the Philadelphia School of Design and the Art Students League in New York City in 1896 and toured Europe in the summer of 1897. In 1902 he was commissioned to paint murals for the Chapel of the Church of St. Mary the Virgin, New York City, and in the same year was elected associate academician of the National Academy of Design and received the Academy's Clark Prize for the best figure composition. In 1911 he completed his still-useful book, George Inness, The Man and His Art, and made a painting trip to the Grand Canyon for the Santa Fe Railroad Company Commission.
An artist whose vagaries of style elude classification, Daingerfield's affinity for the Barbizon mood in landscape was the result both of his experiences in the farmlands of North Carolina and the technical advice he received from his friends George Inness and Henry Ward Ranger ( both fellow residents at the Holbein Studios). Daingerfield's early efforts in North Carolina earned for him the inevitable title of "The American Millet," but he soon directed his attention to paintings of religious subjects and returned to landscape only to meet occasional commissions or to seek relaxation through a change of subject matter.
','2009-12-15 08:26:10','2009-12-15 08:26:10','Elliott Daingerfield',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1932','1099',10,'Harper's Ferry, Virginia','New York, New York',NULL,NULL), (1208,'1942',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:10','2009-12-15 08:26:10','Robert D'Alessandro',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1100',10,'New York, New York',NULL,'--- \n- Robert Philip D\'Alessandro\n',NULL), (1209,'1925',NULL,'William Daley was born in Hastings-on-Hudson, New York. A major figure in American studio ceramics, he began his art career on the G.I. Bill after World War II, earning a B.S. degree at the Massachusetts College of Art and an M.A. degree at Columbia University.
Daley has consistenly demonstrated that his thin-walled vessels in concave and convex shapes can be made into architetronic objects. He hand-builds all objects and leaves them unglazed so as not to diminish their angles and lines. Surface areas are burnished to offer tonal variations in the clay.
From 1957 to 1990, Daley was a professor of ceramics and industrial design at the University of the Arts in Philadelphia.
','2009-12-15 08:26:10','2009-12-15 08:26:10','William Daley',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1101',10,'Hastings-on-Hudson, New York',NULL,'--- \n- William P. Daley\n',NULL), (1210,'1951',NULL,'Dalgleish, who graduated in 1972 from the Maryland Institute College of Art and received an M.F.A. from Rochester Institute of Technology, has taught for the past ten years at various colleges and universities in upstate New York. During the late 1970s he began a series of paintings, based on studies of symmetry, in which he creates strict formal compositions from recognizable subjects, often small still lifes set into interior spaces. He reduces shapes to their geometric fundamentals and controls pictorial elements through carefully determined lighting effects. Simple, generic titles dispel narrative associations although subtitles frequently describe a mood or specify time of day. Connections between painted and actual space are achieved by the realistically painted doorjambs and shutters that often frame Dalgleish's canvases.
','2009-12-15 08:26:10','2009-12-15 08:26:10','Barry Dalgleish',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1102',10,'Niagara Falls, Canada',NULL,'--- \n- Barry Kenneth Dalgleish\n',NULL), (1211,'1861',NULL,'Born in Springville, Utah, surrounded by the vast prairies of the West. Dallin's beginnings seem far removed from the Anglo settlement of New England. His abiding respect for the past, however, would bring the artist to represent with dignity and respect both the native tribes and the early colonists of the United States. Dallin's art training began in Boston in 1880, in tile studio of sculptor Truman Bartlett, during which time he also worked in a terra cotta factory. After two years be opened his own studio, modeling portraits and art equestrian statue of Paul Revere. In 1889, with same success behind him, he went to Paris, where he studied with Henri Chapu at the Académie Julian. He also spent time at Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show, which came to Paris in 1889, sketching costumes and accessories of Native American participants. Many of these would serve as studies for a series of four equestrian statues of Native Americans. Dallin began the series before be returned to Boston in the early 1890s, and completed the final one, Appeal to the Great Spirit, in 1908. Late in life, Dallin executed ideal images of colonial file—commemorative plaques and figures in Pilgrim dress.
','2009-12-15 08:26:10','2009-12-15 08:26:10','Cyrus E. Dallin',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1944','1103',10,'Springville, Utah','Arlington Heights, Massachusetts','--- \n- Cyrus Edwin Dallin\n- C. E. Dallin\n- Cyrus Dallin\n',NULL), (1212,'1942',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:11','2009-12-15 08:26:11','Daniel Dallmann',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1104',10,'St. Paul, Minnesota',NULL,'--- \n- Daniel Forbes Dallmann\n',NULL), (1213,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:11','2009-12-15 08:26:11','J. Dalrymple',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1105',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (1214,'1893',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:11','2009-12-30 18:30:07','Gustaf Oscar Dalstrom',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1971','1106',10,'Gothland, Sweden','Chicago, Illinois','--- \n- Gustaf O. Dalstrom\n- \"Gustaf Oscar Dalstr\\xC3\\xB6m\"\n- Gustaf Dalstrom\n',NULL), (1215,'1894',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:11','2009-12-15 08:26:11','Peter Dalton',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1972','1107',10,'Buffalo, New York','Pasadena, California','--- \n- Peter C. Dalton\n',NULL), (1216,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:11','2009-12-15 08:26:11','George Dame',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1108',10,', New York',NULL,NULL,NULL), (1217,'1938',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:11','2009-12-15 08:26:11','Jack Damer',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1109',10,'Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania',NULL,NULL,NULL), (1218,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:11','2009-12-15 08:26:11','Cleo Damianakes',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1110',10,'Berkeley, California',NULL,'--- \n- Cleonika Damianakes\n- Cleon Damianakes\n',NULL), (1219,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:11','2009-12-15 08:26:11','George A. Danchuk',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1111',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (1220,'1800',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:11','2009-12-15 08:26:11','Moseley Isaac Danforth',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1862','1112',10,'Hartford, Connecticut','New York, New York','--- \n- Mosely Isaac Danforth\n',NULL), (1221,'1901',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:11','2009-12-15 08:26:11','Lewis C. Daniel',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1952','1115',10,'New York, New York','Brookville, Illinois','--- \n- Lewis Daniel\n- L. C. Daniel\n',NULL), (1222,'1911',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:11','2009-12-15 08:26:11','George Daniell',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2002','1116',10,'Yonkers, New York','Bar Harbor, Maine',NULL,NULL), (1223,'1932',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:11','2009-12-15 08:26:11','Joseph Dankowski',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1117',10,'Camden, New Jersey',NULL,'--- \n- Joseph Stanley Dankowski\n',NULL), (1224,'1953',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:11','2009-12-15 08:26:11','Avery C. Danziger',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1118',10,'Chapel Hill, North Carolina',NULL,'--- \n- Avery Coffey Danziger\n',NULL), (1225,'1934',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:11','2009-12-15 08:26:11','Joan Danziger',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1119',10,'New York, New York',NULL,NULL,NULL), (1226,'1914',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:11','2009-12-15 08:26:11','Nassos Daphnis',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1120',10,'Krokeai, Greece',NULL,NULL,NULL), (1227,'1930',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:11','2009-12-15 08:26:11','Allan D'Arcangelo',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1998','1121',10,'Buffalo, New York','New York, New York','--- \n- Allan M. D\'Arcangelo\n',NULL), (1228,'1892',NULL,'Henry Darger's visionary ambitions belie the humble circumstances of his reclusive life, spent primarily in a rented room. Around 1909, he began writing an apocalyptic epic, The Story of the Vivian Girls, in what is Known as the Realms of the Unreal, of the Glandeco-Angelinian War Storm, Caused by the Child Slave Rebellion. More than a decade later, Darger completed nineteen thousand pages, organized in twelve volumes. Subsequently, he executed approximately two hundred and fifty large, horizontal drawings to illustrate events and characters in his complex narrative. His elaborate, radiant drawings appear to have occupied him until the late 1960s. Only after Darger's death was his obsessive project discovered by his landlord, photographer Nathan Lerner.
Modeled after children's adventure stories and military accounts, The Story of the Vivian Girls . . . chronicles the conflict between two imaginary nations on anunidentified planet. The heroines are the Vivian girls, seven princesses, whose eventual victory symbolized the triumph of good over evil to the devoutly Catholic Darger. …
An uncomfortable draftsman, Darger traced his figures from children's books, newspapers, and magazines scavenged from the streets of Chicago.
','2009-12-15 08:26:11','2009-12-15 08:26:11','Henry Darger',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1973','1122',10,'Chicago, Illinois','Chicago, Illinois','--- \n- Henry J. Darger\n- Henry Dargarius\n',NULL), (1229,'1929',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:11','2009-12-15 08:26:11','Robert D'Arista',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1987','1123',10,', New York','Ashland, Massachusetts',NULL,NULL), (1230,'1822',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:11','2009-12-15 08:26:11','Felix Octavius Carr Darley',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1888','1124',10,'Philadelphia, Pennsylvania','Claymont, Delaware','--- \n- Felix O. C. Darley\n- F. O. C. Darley\n- Felix Octavius Carr Darly\n',NULL), (1231,'1937',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:11','2009-12-15 08:26:11','Edward F. D'Arms',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1125',10,'Minneapolis, Minnesota',NULL,'--- \n- Edward F. D\'Arms, Jr.\n',NULL), (1232,'1902',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:11','2009-12-15 08:26:11','Paul Darrow',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1997','1126',10,'Indianapolis, Indiana','Dublin, Pennsylvania','--- \n- Paul Wert Darrow\n- Paul W. Darrow\n',NULL), (1233,'1887',NULL,'Painter. Dasburg was born in Paris but moved to the United States when he was five. His training began at the Art Students League with Kenyon Cox and Birge Harrison; it continued with Robert Henri and numerous visits to the circle of Gertrude Stein in Paris. His early work, which was included in the Armory Show of 1913, was inspired by contemporary European artists, particularly Cézanne, Matisse, and the Futurists. In 1918, encouraged by Mabel Dodge (Luhan) and Maurice Sterne, he spent a summer in Taos. From then on he returned either to Taos or to Santa Fe for part of each year, becoming one of the first modernists to form an attachment to the region. He also became an avid collector of and dealer in Hispanic and Indian crafts. In 1933 he settled permanently in New Mexico, continuing to employ a modified form of Cubism to find structure and meaning in the landscape.
References
Bywaters, Jerry. Andrew Dasburg. New York: American Federation of Arts, 1959.
Coke. Andrew Dasburg.
Udall. Modernist Painting in New Mexico, pp. 55–70.
','2009-12-15 08:26:11','2009-12-15 08:26:11','Andrew Dasburg',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1979','1127',10,'Paris, France','Taos, New Mexico','--- \n- Andrew Michael Dasburg\n',NULL), (1234,'1907',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:11','2009-12-15 08:26:11','Hideo Date',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1129',10,'Osaka, Japan',NULL,NULL,NULL), (1235,'1889',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:11','2009-12-15 08:26:11','A. Mark Datz',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1969','1130',10,', Russia','New York, New York','--- \n- Abraham Mark Datz\n- Mark A. Datz\n',NULL), (1236,'1817',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:11','2009-12-30 18:30:08','Charles Francois Daubigny',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1878','1131',10,'Paris, France','Paris, France','--- \n- Charles Daubigny\n- \"Charles Fran\\xC3\\xA7ois Daubigny\"\n- Charles F. Daubigny\n',NULL), (1237,'1870',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:11','2009-12-30 18:30:08','Andre Dauchez',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1948','1132',10,'Paris, France','Paris, France','--- \n- \"Andr\\xC3\\xA9 Dauchez\"\n',NULL), (1238,'1887',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:11','2009-12-15 08:26:11','James Daugherty',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1974','1133',10,'Asheville, North Carolina','Weston, Connecticut','--- \n- James Henry Daugherty\n- James H. Daugherty\n',NULL), (1239,'1912',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:11','2009-12-15 08:26:11','Hebe Daum',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1993','1134',10,'Hilversum, Holland','Novato, California','--- \n- Hebe Stackpole\n- Hebe Daum Stackpole\n',NULL), (1240,'1908',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:11','2009-12-15 08:26:11','Carson Davenport',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1972','1136',10,'Danville, Virginia','Danville, Virginia','--- \n- Carson Sutherlin Davenport\n- Carson S. Davenport\n',NULL), (1241,'1783',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:11','2009-12-15 08:26:11','Samuel Davenport',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1867','1137',10,'Bedford, England',NULL,NULL,NULL), (1242,'1946',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:11','2009-12-15 08:26:11','Jaclyn Davidson',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1138',10,'Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania',NULL,NULL,NULL), (1243,'1883',NULL,'Portrait sculptor, whose raison d'être was to sculpt the significant personalities of the 20th century. His work included naturalistic bronzes of Woodrow Wilson, Herbert Hoover, Fiorello La Guardia, Gertrude Stein, Anatole France, Mahatma Gandhi, Rudyard Kipling and Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
','2009-12-15 08:26:11','2009-12-15 08:26:11','Jo Davidson',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1952','1139',10,'New York, New York','Tours, France',NULL,NULL), (1244,'1898',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:11','2009-12-15 08:26:11','Morris Davidson',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1979','1140',10,'Rochester, New York','Piermont, New York',NULL,NULL), (1245,'1862',NULL,'Painter, printmaker, sculptor, tapestry designer, and illustrator who was known as a contradictory, enigmatic, and mystical artist. Although he was not a realist, Davies exhibited with The Eight in New York City in 1908, and while he was not considered a modernist either, he selected some of the most avant-garde work of the day as organizer of the famous 1913 Armory Show.
','2009-12-15 08:26:11','2009-12-15 08:26:11','Arthur B. Davies',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1928','1141',10,'Utica, New York','Florence, Italy','--- \n- Arthur Bowen Davies\n- Arthur Davies\n- A. B. Davies\n- David Owen\n- David A. Owen\n',NULL), (1246,'1901',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:11','2009-12-15 08:26:11','John Davies',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1965','1142',10,'Kilbirnie, Scotland','Flint, Michigan',NULL,NULL), (1247,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:11','2009-12-15 08:26:11','Albert M. Davis',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1143',10,NULL,NULL,'--- \n- Albert Miles Davis\n',NULL), (1248,'1856',NULL,'Davis left school at the age of fifteen to work in a carriage factory where he remained for five years. His schoolmaster father then sent him to study for three years under Otto Grundman at the School of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Financed by an Amesbury businessman, Davis studied in Paris for two seasons (1880–1881) under Lefebvre and Boulanger at the Académie Julian, making frequent visits to Barbizon and the Fontainebleau region. As a result of his first exhibition in the United States in 1884, Davis realized enough money to allow him to remain in France for nearly ten years. Between 1886 and 1931 he received many awards, including a silver medal at the Universal Exposition of 1889 in Paris. He also exhibited at the famous Armory Show of 1913 in New York. Soon after his return to America in 1890, Davis settled in Mystic, Connecticut, where he lived for the remaining forty years of his life. During these years, he selected most of his subjects from a local rural area cut by the curve of a small river.
Until the early nineties most of Davis's landscapes emphasized the somber and the quiet in nature. One such work, Deepening Shadows, was greatly admired by Wyant and Inness; Thomas Clarke, Inness's most vigorous advocate, was also an early supporter of Davis. Animals, figures, and buildings rarely occupy an important place in Davis's paintings which, after about 1895, usually emphasized broad, blue skies, cumulus clouds, and brighter colors than those in the earlier works. Edge of the Forest, Twilight [Smithsonian American Art Museum] is undoubetedly an earlier work by Davis and looks enough like the Apremont region of Fontainebleau to have been a souvenir from one of Davis's Barbizon visits. Although not a convincing painting throughout, this particular effort offers an early example of Davis's special affinity for "sky painting."
','2009-12-15 08:26:11','2009-12-15 08:26:11','Charles H. Davis',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1933','1144',10,'Amesbury, Massachusetts','Mystic, Connecticut','--- \n- Charles Harold Davis\n',NULL), (1249,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:11','2009-12-15 08:26:11','Ed Davis',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1145',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (1250,'1916',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:11','2009-12-15 08:26:11','Fay Elizabeth Davis',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1146',10,'Indianapolis, Indiana',NULL,'--- \n- Fay Davis\n',NULL), (1251,'1920',NULL,'[Gene Davis was] a major figure in 20th-century American painting whose contribution was invaluable in establishing Washington, D.C., as a center of contemporary art. Davis also played a significant national and international role in the color abstraction movement that first achieved prominence in the 1960s.
Born in Washington, D.C., Davis attended local schools and later worked as a sportswriter and White House correspondent before pursuing a career in art. Although never formally trained, Davis educated himself through assiduous visits to New York's museums and galleries as well as to Washington's art institutions, especially the Phillips Collection. He also benefited from the guidance of his friend Jacob Kainen, an artist and art curator.
Davis considered his nonacademic background a blessing that freed him from the limitations of a traditional art school orientation. His early paintings and drawings—though they show the influence of such artists as the Swiss painter Paul Klee and the American abstractionist Arshile Gorky—display a distinct improvisational quality. This same preference for spontaneity characterizes Davis's selection of color in his later stripe paintings. Despite their calculated appearance, Davis's stripe works were not based on conscious use of theories or formulas. Davis often compared himself to a jazz musician who plays by ear, describing his approach to painting as 'playing by eye.'
In the 1960s, art critics identified Davis as a leader of the Washington Color School, a loosely connected group of Washington painters who created abstract compositions in acrylic colors on unprimed canvas. Their work exemplified what the critic Barbara Rose defined as the 'primacy of color' in abstract painting.
Although Davis's work from the 1960s—mostly hard-edged, equal-width stripe paintings—is generally viewed in the context of the Washington Color School, his goal differed significantly from the other Color School practitioners. Artists like Morris Louis and Kenneth Noland generally preferred what Noland called 'oneshot' compositions, mostly symmetrical images that could be comprehended at a glance.
In contrast, Davis experimented with complex schemes that lend themselves to sustained periods of viewing. Davis suggested that "instead of simply glancing at the work, select a specific color—and take the time to see how it operates across the painting.—Enter the painting through the door of a single color, and then you can understand what my painting is all about." In discussing his stripe work, Davis spoke not simply about the importance of color, but about 'color interval:' the rhythmic, almost musical, effects caused by the irregular appearance of colors or shades within a composition.
Davis is known primarily for the stripe works that span twenty-seven years, but he was a versatile artist who worked in a variety of formats and media: modular compositions consisting of discrete, but related, pieces that together form one composition; collages combining cutout fragments of images and text with painted and drawn elements; Klee-inspired images that resemble musical scores; and silhouette self-portraits. His works range in scale from miniscule micro-paintings to mammoth outdoor street paintings. Works in other media include printed conceptual pieces, video tapes, and abstract compositions in neon.
In keeping with his unorthodox attitudes, Davis's works do not follow in an orderly sequence. Davis described his method as "a tendency to raid my past without guilt [by] going back and picking up on some idea that I flirted with briefly, say fifteen or twenty years ago. I will then take this idea and explore it more in depth, almost as if no time had elapsed between the present and the time of its original conception." As a result, similar works may be separated by years or even decades. … Davis's works, which resonate with his romantic, free-wheeling approach to art-making, reveal a seriousness balanced by whimsy and an unpredictability that is always a source of joy.
','2009-12-15 08:26:12','2009-12-15 08:26:12','Gene Davis',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1985','1147',10,'Washington, District of Columbia','Washington, District of Columbia','--- \n- Gene Bernard Davis\n',NULL), (1252,'1902',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:12','2009-12-15 08:26:12','Hubert Davis',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1981','1148',10,'Milton, Pennsylvania',NULL,NULL,NULL), (1253,'1931',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:12','2009-12-15 08:26:12','James G. Davis',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1149',10,'Springfield, Missouri',NULL,'--- \n- James Granberry Davis\n- James Davis\n',NULL), (1254,'1910',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:12','2009-12-15 08:26:12','Lew Davis',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1979','1150',10,'Jerome, Arizona','Maricopa, Arizona','--- \n- Lew E. Davis\n',NULL), (1255,'1892',NULL,'Pioneer modernist painter who exhibited at the 1913 New York Armory Show. Davis believed that "a subject had its emotional reality," which could be gleaned through an awareness of geometric planes and spatial relationships. Davis spent a year exploring the same subject in his famous Eggbeaters series (1927–28).
','2009-12-15 08:26:12','2009-12-30 18:30:09','Stuart Davis',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1964','1151',10,'Philadelphia, Pennsylvania','New York, New York',NULL,NULL), (1256,'1887',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:12','2009-12-15 08:26:12','Manierre Dawson',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1969','1152',10,'Chicago, Illinois','Sarasota, Florida',NULL,NULL), (1257,'1901',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:12','2009-12-15 08:26:12','William Dawson',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1990','1153',10,'Huntsville, Alabama','Chicago, Illinois','--- \n- William R. Dawson\n',NULL), (1258,'1909',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:12','2009-12-15 08:26:12','Horace Talmage Day',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1984','1154',10,'Amoy, China',NULL,'--- \n- Horace Day\n',NULL), (1259,'1932',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:12','2009-12-15 08:26:12','John Day',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1982','1155',10,', Massachusetts','New York, New York',NULL,NULL), (1260,'1885',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:12','2009-12-15 08:26:12','Martha B. Willson Day',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1983','1156',10,'Providence, Rhode Island','Providence, Rhode Island','--- \n- Howard Day\n- Howard D. Day\n- Martha Buttrick Willson\n',NULL), (1261,'1916',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:12','2009-12-30 18:30:09','Worden Day',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1986','1157',10,'Columbus, Ohio','Montclair, New Jersey','--- \n- \"W\\xC3\\xB6rden Day\"\n- Esther Worden Day\n',NULL), (1262,'1933',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:12','2009-12-15 08:26:12','Hilliard Dean',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1158',10,'Washington, District of Columbia',NULL,'--- \n- Hilliard Reynolds Dean\n- Hilliard R. Dean\n',NULL), (1263,'1934',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:12','2009-12-15 08:26:12','Peter Dean',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1993','1159',10,'Berlin, Germany','New York, New York',NULL,NULL), (1264,'1907',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:12','2009-12-15 08:26:12','H. Mallette Dean',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1975','1160',10,'Spokane, Washington','San Rafael, California','--- \n- Harold Mallett Dean\n- Mallett Dean\n',NULL), (1265,'1864',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:12','2009-12-15 08:26:12','Henry Golden Dearth',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1918','1161',10,'Bristol, Rhode Island','New York, New York','--- \n- Henry G. Dearth\n',NULL), (1266,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:12','2009-12-15 08:26:12','Cornelius de Beet',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1840','1162',10,'Amsterdam, Netherlands','Baltimore, Maryland','--- \n- Cornelius de Beet\n- Corls. de Beet\n- C. de Beet\n',NULL), (1267,'1889',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:12','2009-12-15 08:26:12','Anthony De Bernardin',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1972','1163',10,'San Pietro di Cadore, Italy','Unity, Pennsylvania','--- \n- Antonio De Bernardin-Burghet\n- Tony De Bernardin\n',NULL), (1268,'1898',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:12','2009-12-15 08:26:12','Jean de Botton',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1978','1164',10,'Salonika, Greece','New York, New York','--- \n- Jean Isy de Botton\n- Jean Philippe De Botton\n- Jean De Botton\n',NULL), (1269,'1858',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:12','2009-12-15 08:26:12','Joseph De Camp',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1923','1165',10,'Cincinnati, Ohio','Boca Grande, Florida','--- \n- Joseph Rodefer De Camp\n- Joseph R. De Camp\n',NULL), (1270,'1889',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:12','2009-12-15 08:26:12','Edmond C. de Celle',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1166',10,'New York, New York',NULL,'--- \n- Edmond Carl De Celle\n- Edmond Carl de Celle\n- Edmond C. De Celle\n',NULL), (1271,'1768',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:12','2009-12-15 08:26:12','Joseph-Pierre Picot de Limoelan de Cloriviere',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1826','1167',10,'Broons, France','Georgetown, District of Columbia',NULL,NULL), (1272,'1904',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:12','2009-12-15 08:26:12','Janet de Coux',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1999','1168',10,'Niles, Michigan',NULL,NULL,NULL), (1273,'1884',NULL,'Sculptor. In 1929, after studying in Paris, de Creeft immigrated to the United States from Spain. He popularlized direct stone carving through his female heads and figures; his experiments with hammered lead were also innovative.
','2009-12-15 08:26:12','2009-12-15 08:26:12','Jose de Creeft',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1982','1169',10,'Guadalajara, Spain','New York, New York','--- \n- Jose De Creeft\n- Jose de Creeft\n',NULL), (1274,'1900',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:12','2009-12-15 08:26:12','Julio de Diego',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1979','1170',10,'Madrid, Spain','Sarasota, Florida',NULL,NULL), (1275,'1930',NULL,'De Forest calls art "one of the last strongholds of magic" and creates richly colored and textured fantasy worlds that he describes as "unknowable … [though] hauntingly familiar." De Forest studied at the California School of Fine Arts from 1950 to 1952 and received his BA and MA degrees from San Francisco State College. In the early 1960s he turned from the scrap metal constructions and canvases depicting mazes and abstract patterns that had been his primary interest during the 1950s to paintings in which animals, totemic images, and fantastical beings are the vehicles for storytelling and game playing. De Forest considers himself "an eccentric individual creating fantasy art with the amazing intention of totally building a miniature cosmos into which the artful alchemist could retire with all his friends, animals and paraphernalia."
','2009-12-15 08:26:12','2009-12-15 08:26:12','Roy De Forest',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2007','1171',10,'North Platte, Nebraska','Vallejo, California','--- \n- Roy Dean De Forest\n- Roy DeForest\n',NULL), (1276,'1887',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:12','2009-12-15 08:26:12','Anthony de Francisci',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1964','1173',10,'Palermo, Italy','New York, New York','--- \n- Anthony DeFrancisci\n- \"\"\n',NULL), (1277,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:12','2009-12-15 08:26:12','de Genlir',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1174',10,NULL,NULL,'--- \n- Genlir, de\n',NULL), (1278,'1856',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:12','2009-12-15 08:26:12','Franklin De Haven',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1934','1175',10,'Bluffton, Indiana','New York, New York',NULL,NULL), (1279,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:12','2009-12-15 08:26:12','De Heerengracht',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1176',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (1280,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:12','2009-12-15 08:26:12','Guillaume De Heusch',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1177',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (1281,'1895',NULL,'Lithographer and painter, known for his satire. As a young artist, Dehn concentrated on printmaking and created over 600 lithographs before 1936; afterwards, he turned increasingly to watercolor. He also taught at the Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center and authored three books, including Water Color Painting.
','2009-12-15 08:26:12','2009-12-30 18:30:10','Adolf Dehn',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1968','1178',10,'Waterville, Minnesota','New York, New York','--- \n- Adolf Arthur Dehn\n',NULL), (1282,'1901',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:12','2009-12-15 08:26:12','Dorothy Dehner',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1994','1179',10,'Cleveland, Ohio','New York, New York',NULL,NULL), (1283,'1904',NULL,'Born in Holland, moved to the United States in 1924. Abstract Expressionist painter, known for his disturbing pictures of women, who became one of the dominant American artists of the 1950s.
','2009-12-15 08:26:12','2009-12-30 18:30:10','Willem de Kooning',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1997','1180',10,'Rotterdam, Netherlands','East Hampton, New York','--- \n- Willem De Kooning\n',NULL), (1284,'1882',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:12','2009-12-15 08:26:12','Henri Gilbert De Kruif',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1944','1181',10,'Grand Rapids, Michigan','Los Angeles, California','--- \n- Henry Gilbert De Kruif\n',NULL), (1285,'1867',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:12','2009-12-30 18:30:10','Ernesto de la Carcova',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1927','1182',10,'Buenos Aires, Argentina','Buenos Aires, Argentina','--- \n- \"Ernesto de la C\\xC3\\xA1rcova\"\n',NULL), (1286,'1798',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:12','2009-12-30 18:30:10','Ferdinand Victor Eugene Delacroix',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1863','1183',10,'Charenton-Saint-Maurice, France','Paris, France','--- \n- \"Ferdinand-Victor-Eug\\xC3\\xA8ne Delacroix\"\n- \"Eug\\xC3\\xA8ne Delacroix\"\n',NULL), (1287,'1911',NULL,'Eleanor De Laittre became interested in art after a course in art theory at Smith College. She left Smith to pursue her newfound interest and spent two years in life and drawing classes at the school of the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston. In 1932, she left Boston for New York, first to study with George Luks, and after Luks's death, with John Sloan.
As a young artist in New York, De Laittre became friends with Fanny Hillsmith, who shared her growing fascination with modern art. Through illustrations and the paintings then to be seen in New York, De Laittre taught herself the principles of abstract art by working in the manner of European masters. An early painting explored form in the style of Modigliani, but, De Laittre explained, she discovered the laws of perspective after looking at Miró, while Klee's paintings inspired experimentation with textural richness.(1) Soon De Laittre put aside the portraits and landscapes that had occupiedher student years, and although not yet an abstract artist, her paintings took on a simplicity and a calligraphic clarity reminiscent of Raoul Dufy.
After her marriage in 1934, De Laittre moved to Chicago. Over the next several years, she exhibited regularly in annual exhibitions at the Art Institute of Chicago. Back in New York by 1940, she became active in the American Abstract Artists, with whom she exhibited annually from 1940 until 1946, and in the Federation of Modern Painters and Sculptors. Her work matured during her six years in Chicago, and by the 1940s, Cubism offered the most compelling problems of space and form. The spatial configuration De Laittre employed in the small Untitled painting of 1949 is an adaptation from Picasso's large Three Musicians in the Gallatin Collection. By juxtaposing background areas of white, blue, and bare brown canvas, however, De Laittre enhanced the flattened space inhabited by the abstract linear shapes.
Increasingly during the 1940s, De Laittre turned to sculpture. At Ibram Lassaw's studio she learned the technical processes of welding in steel. Her highly refined, welded sculpture of the 1940s evidences a growing awareness of Surrealism, and the intricate interweaving of steel and open space showed affinities with the work of David Hare. Although she has never stopped painting, De Laittre now prefers the challenges presented by articulating three-dimensional form and space. Yet, the lyrical balance of mass and openness in her current sculpture retains echoes of her earlier affection for Analytical Cubism.
1. Eleanor De Laittre, interview with Virginia M. Mecklenburg, 4 January 1989. I am grateful to Ms. De Laittre for speaking with me about her art and life.
','2009-12-15 08:26:12','2009-12-15 08:26:12','Eleanor De Laittre',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1184',10,'Minneapolis, Minnesota',NULL,'--- \n- Eleanor de Laittre Brown\n- Eleanor de Laittre Lienau\n',NULL), (1288,'1933',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:13','2009-12-15 08:26:13','Roberto De Lamonica',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1995','1185',10,'Ponta Pora, Brazil','New York, New York',NULL,NULL), (1289,'1901',NULL,'In 1929 aspirations and the energy of the Harlem Renaissance drew Beauford Delaney—trained in Knoxville, Tennessee, and Boston—to New York. By the mid 1940s he had forged close friendships with novelists Henry Miller and James Baldwin and gained wide recognition for his pastel portraits of well-known African Americans such as W. E. B. Du Bois and Duke Ellington. As comfortable with artists as with his neighbors in Harlem or Greenwich Village, Delaney conveyed his abiding love of mankind in paintings and drawings that ranged from the representational to the abstract.
As for many artists of his generation, New York's urban scene attracted Delaney's eye. In Can Fire in the Park, [SAAM 1989.23] anonymous men gather near a source of heat, light, and camaraderie. This disturbingly contemporary vignette conveys a legacy of deprivation linked not only to the Depression years after 1929 but also to the longstanding disenfranchisement of black Americans, portrayed here as social outcasts. At the lower left and upper right, objects that suggest street signs also function as arrows symbolically pointing the way up and out of desolation. Despite its sober subject,the scene crackles with energy, the culmination of Delaney's sharp pure colors, thickly applied paints, and taut, schematic patterning. Abandoning the precise realism of his early academic training, Delaney developed a lyrically expressive style that drew upon his love of musical rhythms and his improvisational use of color. Works such as Can Fire in the Park hover between representation and abstraction as that style evolved during the 1940s.
Neither early success nor gracious spirit spared Delaney from the obscurity and poverty that plagued him, particularly after he moved to Paris in 1953. In 1978—a year before Delaney died in a French asylum—the Studio Museum in Harlem initiated its Black Master series with a retrospective of his work, the first attempt to restore his forty-year career to public light.
','2009-12-15 08:26:13','2009-12-30 18:30:10','Beauford Delaney',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1979','1186',10,'Knoxville, Tennessee','Paris, France',NULL,NULL), (1290,'1904',NULL,'The younger brother of Beauford Delaney, Joseph left Knoxville, Tennessee, for New York City. But unlike his brother, Joseph remained in America, studying art in Thomas Hart Benton's class at the Art Students League. Throughout his life, he was committed to opposing racial discrimination, and panoramic crowd scenes like Penn Station [SAAM 1970.176] reveal Delaney's deep concern for the lives of common people.
','2009-12-15 08:26:13','2009-12-15 08:26:13','Joseph Delaney',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1991','1187',10,'Knoxville, Tennessee','Knoxville, Tennessee',NULL,NULL), (1291,'1867',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:13','2009-12-30 18:30:10','Angèle Delasalle',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1941','1188',10,'Paris, France','Paris, France','--- \n- Angele Delasalle\n- A. Delasalle\n',NULL), (1292,'1894',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:13','2009-12-15 08:26:13','Thomas James Delbridge',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1968','1189',10,'Atlanta, Georgia',', New York',NULL,NULL), (1293,'1931',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:13','2009-12-30 18:30:10','Leon De Leeuw',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1190',10,'Paris, France',NULL,'--- \n- \"L\\xC3\\xAAon de Leeuw\"\n',NULL), (1294,'1730',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:13','2009-12-15 08:26:13','Joseph de Longueil',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1792','1192',10,'Givet, France','Paris, France',NULL,NULL), (1295,'1932',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:13','2009-12-15 08:26:13','Willem de Looper',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009','1193',10,'Hague, Netherlands','Washington, District of Columbia',NULL,NULL), (1296,'1869',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:13','2009-12-15 08:26:13','Loys Delteil',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1927','1194',10,'Paris, France','Paris, France','--- \n- Loys Henri Delteil\n',NULL), (1297,'1897',NULL,'Born Donald H. Quigley in Boston, the artist took the name De Lue in 1918 from the maternal side of his family. At an early age he studied with Bela Pratt at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, but most of his training came from working in the studios of older sculptors. In Boston De Lue spent three years with Richard Recchia, and another three with the Englishman Robert P. Baker. After World War I he spent five years in France, where he worked for several sculptors, including Alfredo Pena.
Returning to the United States, De Lue served for about eleven years as chief assistant to Bryant Baker in New York City. His work first won recognition in 1938 when he was runner-up in a competition for the Federal Trade Commission Building in Washington, D.C. This led to several government commissions, the first of which were reliefs for the Philadelphia courthouse, completed in 1940. In the next almost fifty years, De Lue probably executed more monumental commissions than anyone else of his generation. Among his works are Spirit of American Youth Rising from the Waves for the Omaha Beach Memorial in France and Rocket Thrower for the 1964 World's Fair in Flushing Meadows, New York. He was also an accomplished medalist and a member of the National Sculpture Society.
','2009-12-15 08:26:13','2009-12-15 08:26:13','Donald De Lue',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1988','1195',10,'Boston, Massachusetts','Leonardo, New Jersey','--- \n- Donald Harcourt De Lue\n- Donald DeLue\n',NULL), (1298,'1880',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:13','2009-12-15 08:26:13','Harry De Maine',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1952','1196',10,'Liverpool, England','Gloucester, Massachusetts',NULL,NULL), (1299,'1927',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:13','2009-12-15 08:26:13','Joseph Demarais',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1971','1197',10,'Hoboken, New Jersey','New York, New York','--- \n- Joe Demarais\n',NULL), (1300,'1898',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:13','2009-12-15 08:26:13','Jean de Marco',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1990','1198',10,'Paris, France',NULL,'--- \n- Jean Antoine de Marco\n',NULL), (1301,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:13','2009-12-15 08:26:13','Francisco De Maria',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1199',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (1302,'1935',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:13','2009-12-15 08:26:13','Walter De Maria',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1200',10,'Albany, California',NULL,NULL,NULL), (1303,'1903',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:13','2009-12-15 08:26:13','John Stockton De Martelly',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1979','1201',10,'Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',NULL,'--- \n- John S. De Martelly\n',NULL), (1304,'1896',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:13','2009-12-15 08:26:13','Joseph De Martini',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1984','1202',10,'Mobile, Alabama','Boston, Massachusetts',NULL,NULL), (1305,'1662',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:13','2009-12-15 08:26:13','Paolo de Matteis',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1728','1203',10,'Piano de Cilento, Italy','Naples, Italy','--- \n- Paolo di Matteis\n',NULL), (1306,'1939',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:13','2009-12-15 08:26:13','Nick De Matties',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1204',10,'Honolulu, Hawaii',NULL,NULL,NULL), (1307,'1919',NULL,'De Menocal graduated from the school of the Boston Museum of Fine Arts. During his early career he drew illustrations for Condé Nast publications, organized displays for the Lord and Taylor department store in New York City, and created costume designs for Radio City Music Hall. He had his first solo exhibition in 1951, and continued to show in this country even after moving to Brazil. In the 1960s de Menocal withdrew from the secular world and spent over a decade at the Holy Apostles Seminary in Cromwell, Connecticut, and later with the Trappists in Derryville, Virginia, and Spencer, Massachusetts. After leaving the monastery he settled in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and returned to painting. In the still life arrangements for which he is best known, de Menocal is concerned with quietude of mood and with formal issues of balance and tone.
','2009-12-15 08:26:13','2009-12-15 08:26:13','Richard de Menocal',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1995','1205',10,'Boston, Massachusetts','Cambridge, Massachusetts','--- \n- Richard A. de Menocal\n',NULL), (1308,'1896',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:13','2009-12-15 08:26:13','George Demetrios',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1974','1206',10,'Katranitsa, Greece',NULL,NULL,NULL), (1309,'1870',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:13','2009-12-15 08:26:13','Zella de Milhau',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1954','1207',10,'New York, New York','Southampton, New York','--- \n- Zella Milhau\n',NULL), (1310,'1860',NULL,'Painter, sculptor. When he was still an infant, Deming's family moved from his birthplace in Ashland, Ohio, to western Illinois, an area that during those pre-and post-Civil War years retained a frontier character, and where roaming Winnebago Indians were sometimes neighbors. While still in his teens, Deming traveled to Indian territory in Oklahoma and sketched extensively. Determined to become a painter of Indians, he enrolled at the Art Students League, then spent a year at the Académie Julian in Paris (1884-85), studying under Gustave Boulanger and Jules Lefebvre. Back in the United States, he worked the next two years painting cycloramas. In 1887 Deming first visited and painted the Apaches and Pueblos of the Southwest. His active career of painting and illustrating took him repeatedly to the lands of the Blackfoot, Crow, and Sioux, as well as to Arizona and New Mexico. After the turn of the century, Deming devoted more time to sculpture but also began work on a series of romantic murals of Indian life, which were subsequently installed in the American Museum of Natural History and the Museum of the American Indian in New York.
References
Walsh. Edwin Willard Deming: His Work
Frink, Maurice. "Edwin W. Deming: That Man, He Paint." American Scene 12, no. 3 (1971): entire issue.
Broder. Bronzes of the American West, pp. 57–61.
','2009-12-15 08:26:13','2009-12-15 08:26:13','Edwin Willard Deming',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1942','1208',10,'Ashland, Ohio','New York, New York','--- \n- E. W. Deming\n- Edwin W. Deming\n',NULL), (1311,'1898',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:13','2009-12-15 08:26:13','Julian De Miskey',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1976','1209',10,', Hungary',NULL,NULL,NULL), (1312,'1897',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:13','2009-12-15 08:26:13','Inez Demonet',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1980','1210',10,'Washington, District of Columbia','Tucson, Arizona','--- \n- Inez Michon\n- Inez Michon Demonet\n- Inez M. Demonet\n',NULL), (1313,'1883',NULL,'Demuth was born to a prosperous, well-established Lancaster, Pennsylvania, family, but lameness from a hip disease contracted in childhood and his early ambivalence about his homosexuality combined to form an outsider self-image. As a child, Demuth took art lessons and later attended the Drexel Institute of Technology. Even though some members of his family were amateur artists, the Demuths were convinced that their son would fare better professionally as a commercial artist. Demuth's teachers at Drexel, however, encouraged him to transfer to The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. Trips to Europe during and after his five years at the academy (in 1907 and 1912–14) exposed Demuth to the vanguard art that was to influence his own style. When he returned to America, he divided his time among New York, Lancaster, and New England seaside resorts, where he spent his summers. In New York he exhibited first with Charles Daniel and later with Alfred Stieglitz, while pursuing a bohemian lifestyle. It was during his New England summers, particularly in Provincetown under the influence of Marsden Hartley, that he developed the precisionist style for which he is known. After a serious illness in 1921, diagnosed as diabetes, Demuth never again enjoyed good health. From then on, he painted primarily in watercolor and tempera. His last works were Provincetown beach scenes.
','2009-12-15 08:26:13','2009-12-15 08:26:13','Charles Demuth',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1935','1211',10,'Lancaster, Pennsylvania','Lancaster, Pennsylvania','--- \n- Charles Henry Demuth\n',NULL), (1314,'1793',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:13','2009-12-15 08:26:13','Francis Danby',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1861','1212',10,'Wexford, Ireland','Exmouth, England','--- \n- Frank Danby\n- F. Danby\n',NULL), (1315,'1924',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:13','2009-12-15 08:26:13','Peter Rex Denby',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1213',10,'Bournemouth, England',NULL,NULL,NULL), (1316,'1938',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:13','2009-12-15 08:26:13','Agnes Denes',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1214',10,'Budapest, Hungary',NULL,'--- \n- Agnes C. Denes\n',NULL), (1317,'1922',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:13','2009-12-15 08:26:13','Robert De Niro',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1993','1215',10,'Syracuse, New York','New York, New York','--- \n- Robert De Niro, Sr.\n',NULL), (1318,'1870',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:13','2009-12-15 08:26:13','Maurice Denis',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1943','1216',10,'Granville, France','Paris, France',NULL,NULL), (1319,'1953',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:13','2009-12-15 08:26:13','Gary Denmark',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1217',10,'Monterey, California',NULL,NULL,NULL), (1320,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:13','2009-12-15 08:26:13','J. Den Uyl',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1219',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (1321,'1903',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:13','2009-12-15 08:26:13','Margaret De Patta',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1964','1220',10,'Tacoma, Washington','Oakland, California','--- \n- Margaret Strong De Patta\n',NULL), (1322,'1902',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:13','2009-12-15 08:26:13','Victor de Pauw',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1971','1221',10,'Brussels, Belgium','Southampton, New York','--- \n- Victor De Pauw\n',NULL), (1323,'1804',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:13','2009-12-15 08:26:13','Girault De Prangey',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1893','1222',10,'Langres, France','Langres, France','--- \n- Philibert-Joseph Girault de Prangey\n- Joseph-Philibert Girault de Prangey\n',NULL), (1324,'1925',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:13','2009-12-15 08:26:13','Irwin Dermer',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1223',10,'Baltimore, Maryland',NULL,'--- \n- Irwin D. Dermer\n',NULL), (1325,'1797',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:13','2009-12-15 08:26:13','Isidore Laurent Deroy',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1886','1224',10,'Paris, France','Paris, France',NULL,NULL), (1326,'1857',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:13','2009-12-15 08:26:13','William R. Derrick',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1941','1225',10,'San Francisco, California','Rhinebeck, New York','--- \n- William Rowell Derrick\n',NULL), (1327,'1888',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:13','2009-12-15 08:26:13','Gleb Derujinsky',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1975','1226',10,'Smolensk, Russia','New York, New York','--- \n- Gleb W. Derujinsky\n',NULL), (1328,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:13','2009-12-15 08:26:13','Alfred De Sauty',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1227',10,NULL,NULL,'--- \n- Alfred de Sauty\n',NULL), (1329,'1920',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:13','2009-12-15 08:26:13','Arthur Deshaies',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1228',10,'Providence, Rhode Island',NULL,NULL,NULL), (1330,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:14','2009-12-15 08:26:14','T. Deshayes',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1229',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (1331,'1869',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:14','2009-12-30 18:30:11','Desire-Lucas',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1949','1230',10,'Fort-de-France, Martinique','Ploaree, France','--- \n- \"Louis-Marie D\\xC3\\xA9sir\\xC3\\xA9-Lucas\"\n- \"Louis D\\xC3\\xA9sir\\xC3\\xA9-Lucas\"\n- \"Louis D\\xC3\\xA9sir\\xC3\\xA9 Lucas\"\n- \"D\\xC3\\xA9sir\\xC3\\xA9-Lucas\"\n',NULL), (1332,'1883',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:14','2009-12-30 18:30:11','Branko Desckovitch',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1939','1231',10,'Prucisca, Austria-Hungary','Zagreb, Serbia','--- \n- Branislav Deskovic\n- \"Branko De\\xC5\\xA1kovic\"\n- Branko Dechkovitch\n',NULL), (1333,'1921',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:14','2009-12-15 08:26:14','Lillian Desow-Fishbein',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1232',10,'Detroit, Michigan',NULL,NULL,NULL), (1334,'1867',NULL,'Dessar was six years old when his family moved to New York City. He attended the College of the City of New York from 1881 until the fall of 1883, at which time he entered the National Academy of Design to study under Lemuel Wilmarth and John Q. A. Ward until 1886. During these three years, he maintained a studio in New York, painting in the summers from 1884 to 1886 at his parents' home in Nyack, New York. In the fall of 1886 he went to Paris, where he entered the Académie Julian. There, he studied under Bouguereau and Robert-Fleury for three years, taking additional classes at the École des Beaux-Arts in 1889 and 1890. During the summers between 1887 and 1891, he sketched in London and on the Island of Jersey, and in Brittany, Madrid, Toledo, in the Forest of Fontainebleau, Brolle, and Étaples. Dessar returned briefly to New York in 1891 to marry and was back in France in the fall to begin an eight-month stay at Giverny. He built a home in Étaples in 1892, returning to New York during the winters of 1894 to 1897 to paint portraits. In 1900, with encouragement from his close friend Henry Ward Ranger, Dessar bought a farm on Becket Hill near Lyme, Connecticut, where he lived for the remainder of his life.
Dessar's early training in France was a wise beginning in the 1880s for an aspiring portrait painter; ironically, it provided the principal stimulus for his shift to landscape painting. According to William McCormick, Dessar was inspired to make this change after viewing several Barbizon landscapes in the drawing room of one of his wealthy sitters. Dessar's specialty from about 1897 on was dimly lit views of farmyards and pastures populated only by farm workers with oxen or small flocks of sheep, guided in their movements by little more than a glint of moonlight or a fading sun. Dessar's farmers are only small-scale allusions to Millet's peasants and eschew any hint of social commentary. A Load of Brush [Smithsonian American Art Museum, 1929.6.25] is somewhat exceptional here, not only because of the size and the strong, insistent silhouette of its subjects, but also because of the faceless anonymity of the rather wooden farmer, frozen in dark shadow with his docile beasts. Return to the Fold [Smithsonian American Art Museum, 1909.7.18] is, on the other hand, a more representative example of Dessar's deceptively meticulous studies of evening light.
','2009-12-15 08:26:14','2009-12-15 08:26:14','Louis Paul Dessar',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1952','1233',10,'Indianapolis, Indiana','Preston, Connecticut',NULL,NULL), (1335,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:14','2009-12-15 08:26:14','R. De Tivoli',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1234',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (1336,'1951',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:14','2009-12-15 08:26:14','Joseph Detwiler',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1235',10,'Goshen, Indiana',NULL,'--- \n- Joseph Alden Detwiler\n',NULL), (1337,'1882',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:14','2009-12-15 08:26:14','Frederick K. Detwiller',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1953','1236',10,'Easton, Pennsylvania','New York, New York','--- \n- Frederick Knecht Detwiller\n- F. K. Detwiller\n',NULL), (1338,'1892',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:14','2009-12-15 08:26:14','Boris Deutsch',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1978','1237',10,'Krasnagorka, Russia','Los Angeles, California',NULL,NULL), (1339,'1911',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:14','2009-12-15 08:26:14','Hilda Deutsch',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1238',10,'New York, New York',NULL,'--- \n- Hilda V. Deutsch\n',NULL), (1340,'1953',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:14','2009-12-15 08:26:14','Richard Deutsch',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1239',10,'Los Angeles, California',NULL,NULL,NULL), (1341,'1933',NULL,'One of the recognized master ceramicists in America today, Richard DeVore is known for his simple, organically inspired forms, finished in dull glazes. Often his ceramics recall bleached bones or polished stones. DeVore's fluid, undulating forms and sinuous lines carry a suggestion of the erotic.
','2009-12-15 08:26:14','2009-12-15 08:26:14','Richard DeVore',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2006','1241',10,'Toledo, Ohio','Fort Collins, Colorado','--- \n- Richard De Vore\n- Richard E. DeVore\n- Richard E. De Vore\n',NULL), (1342,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:14','2009-12-15 08:26:14','Cornelis De Vos',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1651','1242',10,'Hulst, Flanders','Antwerp, Flanders','--- \n- Cornelius de Vos\n',NULL), (1343,'1861',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:14','2009-12-15 08:26:14','Godefroid Devreese',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1941','1243',10,'Courtrai, Belgium','Brussels, Belgium','--- \n- Godfried de Vreese\n- Godefroid Vreese\n',NULL), (1344,'1849',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:14','2009-12-15 08:26:14','Charles Melville Dewey',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1937','1244',10,'Lowville, New York','New York, New York','--- \n- Charles M. Dewey\n- Charles Dewey\n',NULL), (1345,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:14','2009-12-15 08:26:14','Elizabeth R. Dewey',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1245',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL); INSERT INTO `artists` (`id`,`date_of_birth`,`media`,`biography`,`created_at`,`updated_at`,`name`,`image_id`,`image_url`,`image_external`,`summary`,`website`,`blog`,`date_of_death`,`external_id`,`museum_id`,`birth_place`,`death_place`,`aliases`,`cached_tag_list`) VALUES (1346,'1845',NULL,'Maria Oakey Dewing and her husband, Thomas Wilmer Dewing, spent the summers from 1885 to 1905 at an artists' colony in Cornish, New Hampshire. There they cultivated the large garden that Maria studied and painted. In Garden in May [SAAM, 1929.6.26] the viewer has a "worm's-eye view" of a bed of carnations and roses. Dewing places the viewer among the living stems and blossoms that she knew so well. She has cropped a section from the larger bed for intense study, as if she had held a frame in front of the garden and painted only what fit in the rectangle.
As a young woman, Dewing published articles and books on etiquette and housekeeping. In later years she wrote about painting for the national magazine Art and Progress. Having studied at both the Cooper Union School of Design for Women and the National Academy of Design, she took her art seriously, as did critics.
Despite the success, her career held disappointment. As the wife of one of the most prominent figure painters of the day, she felt unable to compete with her husband, substituting her flower painting for the figure compositions she had exhibited in her student days. At the end of her life, Dewing expressed doubt in her accomplishments and regret for what she had given up: "I have hardly touched any achievement," she wrote in a letter the year she died. "I dreamed of groups and figures in big landscapes and I still see them."
','2009-12-15 08:26:14','2009-12-30 18:30:12','Maria Oakey Dewing',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1927','1246',10,'New York, New York','New York, New York','--- \n- Maria Richards Oakey\n- Maria Oakey\n- T. W. Dewing\n- Maria Richards Oakey Dewing\n- Thomas Wilmer Dewing\n',NULL), (1347,'1851',NULL,'Born in Boston, studied in Paris, settled in New York City. A sensitive figure painter and accomplished draftsman who specialized in ethereal pictures of women; he virtually ceased painting after 1920.
','2009-12-15 08:26:14','2009-12-30 18:30:12','Thomas Wilmer Dewing',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1938','1247',10,'Boston, Massachusetts','New York, New York','--- \n- Thomas W. Dewing\n- T. W. Dewing\n- Thomas Dewing\n',NULL), (1348,'1806',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:14','2009-12-15 08:26:14','Henry Dexter',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1876','1248',10,'Nelson, New York','Cambridge, Massachusetts',NULL,NULL), (1349,'1912',NULL,'After retiring from the Richmond police force in 1955, Dey began painting illustrations of stories and scenes from his life. Neighborhood children nicknamed him "Uncle Jack," which he used to sign all his artwork. Preferring bright colors, he painted with unmixed Testor's model-airplane enamel. Even in his most serious religious paintings, Dey added a dash of his dry humor.
','2009-12-15 08:26:14','2009-12-15 08:26:14','John William ("Uncle Jack") Dey',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1978','1249',10,'Phoebus, Virginia','Richmond, Virginia','--- \n- Uncle Jack\n- Uncle Jack Dey\n- John William Dey\n',NULL), (1350,'1895',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:14','2009-12-15 08:26:14','Mukul Dey',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1989','1250',10,'Sridharkhola, India','Santiniketan, India','--- \n- Mukul Chandra Dey\n',NULL), (1351,'1942',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:14','2009-12-15 08:26:14','Paul Diamond',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1251',10,'New York, New York',NULL,NULL,NULL), (1352,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:14','2009-12-15 08:26:14','Jacques Diaz',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1252',10,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL), (1353,'1896',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:14','2009-12-15 08:26:14','Anthony Di Bona',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1951','1253',10,'Quincy, Massachusetts',NULL,'--- \n- Tony Di Bona\n',NULL), (1354,'1904',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:14','2009-12-15 08:26:14','William Dickerson',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1972','1255',10,'Eldorado, Kansas','Wichita, Kansas','--- \n- William Judson Dickerson\n- William J. Dickerson\n',NULL), (1355,'1779',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:14','2009-12-15 08:26:14','Anson Dickinson',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1852','1256',10,'Milton, Connecticut','Litchfield, Connecticut',NULL,NULL), (1356,'1795',NULL,'Miniaturist Daniel Dickinson was the son of the amateur portrait painter Oliver Dickinson, Jr. and the younger brother of Anson Dickinson, who achieved more fame painting miniatures than did his brother. Daniel Dickinson is believed to have studied in New Haven, Connecticut, about 1812. Toward the end of that decade he moved to Philadelphia, where he painted miniatures and portraits until 1846. The following year Dickinson moved to nearby Camden, New Jersey, and as time passed he abandoned his career as a portrait painter and devoted himself to horticulture.
','2009-12-15 08:26:14','2009-12-15 08:26:14','Daniel Dickinson',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1257',10,'Litchfield, Connecticut','Litchfield, Connecticut','--- \n- Daniel Dickerson\n',NULL), (1357,'1891',NULL,'Painter whose highly individual, representational work was well regarded by modernist schools for its imaginative and skillful display of perspective drawing, color values and Surreal overtones. The Fossil Hunters (1926–28) is a well-known and controversial painting. Dickinson studied art with Charles Hawthorne.
','2009-12-15 08:26:14','2009-12-15 08:26:14','Edwin Dickinson',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1978','1258',10,'Seneca Falls, New York','Orleans, Massachusetts','--- \n- Edwin W. Dickinson\n- E. W. Dickinson\n',NULL), (1358,'1931',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:14','2009-12-15 08:26:14','Eleanor Dickinson',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1259',10,'Knoxville, Tennessee',NULL,'--- \n- Eleanor Creekmore Dickinson\n',NULL), (1359,'1889',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:14','2009-12-15 08:26:14','Preston Dickinson',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1930','1260',10,'New York, New York','Irun, Spain','--- \n- William Preston Dickinson\n',NULL), (1360,'1903',NULL,'Long before Ross Dickinson received any formal training, he experimented with oil paint and educated himself through reading. Awarded a scholarship to the Chouinard Art Institute in Los Angeles, Dickinson studied with Frank Tolles Chamberlin (1873–1961) and became interested in mural painting. In 1926 Dickinson spent nine months in New York City studying with John Costigan at the Grand Central School of Art and Charles Hawthorne at the National Academy of Design; he also received a scholarship from the Tiffany Foundation. Dickinson returned to California later that year and studied at the Santa Barbara School of Fine Arts, where he received his first mural commission.
He soon married sculptor Daisy Hanson, and they established themselves, albeit under adverse financial conditions, as artists and teachers in Santa Barbara. Dickinson depicted the varying California landscape and men and women at work, which often aligned him with California regionalism. By 1934 he was involved in the Public Works of Art Project, which led to numerous mural commissions in the mid-1930s. His later work displays a stylistic change, as he moved toward freer brushwork in fast-drying acrylics through the 1950s and 1960s. He continued to work and exhibit in the southern California area until his death in Santa Barbara in 1978.
','2009-12-15 08:26:14','2009-12-15 08:26:14','Ross Dickinson',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1978','1261',10,'Santa Ana, California','La Jolla, California','--- \n- Ross Edward Dickinson\n',NULL), (1361,'1890',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:14','2009-12-15 08:26:14','Sidney E. Dickinson',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1979','1262',10,'Wallingford, Connecticut',NULL,'--- \n- Sidney Edward Dickinson\n- Sidney Dickinson\n',NULL), (1362,'1905',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:14','2009-12-15 08:26:14','Helen Dickson',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1263',10,'Wethersfield, Connecticut',NULL,NULL,NULL), (1363,'1864',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:14','2009-12-15 08:26:14','William Didier-Pouget',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1959','1264',10,'Toulouse, France',NULL,NULL,NULL), (1364,'1922',NULL,'Born in Oregon, lives in California. Influential artist who won early fame for his abstract paintings but also inspired a return to figurative work through pictures he produced starting in the 1950s.
','2009-12-15 08:26:14','2009-12-30 18:30:12','Richard Diebenkorn',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1993','1265',10,'Portland, Oregon','Berkeley, California','--- \n- Richard Clifford Diebenkorn, Jr.\n',NULL), (1365,'1884',NULL,'Hunt Diederich was the son of an American mother—a member of the prominent Hunt family of Boston—and a Prussian cavalry officer. Diederich spent his early years on an estate in Hungary, where his father bred and trained horses for the Prussian army until his death in 1887. Diederich attended Swiss schools before coming to America in about 1900 to live with his maternal grandfather, the artist William Morris Hunt.
Diederich's early artistic leanings were encouraged by his family, and he took classes at the Boston Art School in 1903. Formal education, however, held little interest for him. He attended Milton Academy but left without graduating and headed west to work as a cowboy. Both his childhood years in Hungary and the time spent in the American West would influence his concentration on animal subjects for his sculptures.
In 1906 Diederich enrolled at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, where he was awarded a prize two years later for his Bronco Buster. This honor could not save the day, however, when Diederich used "improper language in a class composed of men and women," which led to his being expelled from the Academy. He then traveled in Spain, Africa, and Rome before setting up a studio in Paris and undertaking study with the sculptor Emmanuel Frémiet, one of the most renowned animaliers in France. In 1910 and 1911 Diederich's work was exhibited in the Paris spring Salons, and two years later his bronze sculpture Greyhounds was widely praised at the Salon d'Automne.
Upon the outbreak of World War I, Diederich moved to New York City. During this period dogs and horses were his preferred subjects. By 1917 he was also exhibiting a wide range of decorative functional objects in wrought iron, such as firescreens and trivets, whose imagery included polo players, deer, and hounds.
Diederich's art caught the eye of Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney and her associate Juliana Force, who exhibited his work at the Whitney Studio Club (forerunner of the Whitney Museum of American Art). Throughout the 1920s Diederich's work was shown at several New York galleries, and in 1922 he was awarded the Gold Medal of the Architectural League for design and craftsmanship.
Diederich later lived in Germany, Spain, and Mexico before returning to New York in 1941 when World War II began. The artist's pro-German leanings and dissemination of anti-Semitic literature sullied his reputation in his final years, and he produced little work.
','2009-12-15 08:26:14','2009-12-15 08:26:14','Hunt Diederich',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1953','1266',10,', Hungary','Tappan, New York','--- \n- Wilhelm Hunt Diederich\n- William Hunt Diederich\n- W. Hunt Diederich\n',NULL), (1366,'1898',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:14','2009-12-15 08:26:14','Sari Dienes',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1992','1267',10,'Debrecen, Hungary','Stony Point, New York','--- \n- Sari Chylinska von Daivitz\n- Sari Chylinska\n',NULL), (1367,'1922',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:14','2009-12-15 08:26:14','Charles Dieter',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1986','1268',10,'Little Gap, Pennsylvania','Weatherly, Pennsylvania',NULL,NULL), (1368,'1946',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:14','2009-12-15 08:26:14','Guy Dill',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1269',10,', Florida',NULL,'--- \n- Guy Girard Dill\n',NULL), (1369,NULL,NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:14','2009-12-15 08:26:14','Valere Di Mari',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1270',10,NULL,NULL,'--- \n- Valere di Mari\n',NULL), (1370,'1927',NULL,NULL,'2009-12-15 08:26:14','2009-12-15 08:26:14','Dominick Di Meo',NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,'1271',10,'Niagara Falls, New York',NULL,'--- \n- Dominick Generoso Di Meo\n',NULL), (1371,'1935',NULL,'Jim Dine studied at the University of Cincinnati and the Boston Museum School, earning a BFA at Ohio University in 1957. In 1958 he moved to New York City and soon began to participate—often in collaboration with artist Claes Oldenburg—in the Happenings that were designed to break down the barriers between "art" and "life." In the early 1960s Dine began to create collage paintings in which real objects—ranging from household appliances, tools, and bathroom fixtures to items of clothing such a suit or shoes—were affixed to the canvas or placed in relationship to it.
There is a strong autobiographical element in much of Dine's art. His series of works featuring tools, for example, harks back to his childhood when he played in his grandfather's hardware store in Cincinnati. His "Bathrobe" series—in a variety of media—was inspired by a magazine advertisement he saw in 1963. As Dine related, "I was looking for a way to do self-portraits without painting my face. I saw this bathrobe in an ad. It had no one in it—but it looked like my shape, so it became a sort of metaphor for me."
Although Dine's subject matter has led to his being categorized as a Pop artist, there are significant differences. His work shows a greater emphasis on introspection and feeling, as well as an interest in painterly effects that he shares with the Abstract Expressionists. As the artist states, "Pop is concerned